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Novel KCl/Silicate Drilling Fluids for Alleviating Problems in Troublesome Shale Formations in Sudan

Petroleum Science 2005年第4期2卷 34-40页

作者： Guo Jiankang Yan Jienian Fan Weiwang Zhang Hongjing Wang Qunli Yu Zhihai Faculty of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Great Wall Drilling Co. Beijing 100724 China Research Institute of Production Technology Xinjiang Petroleum Administrative Bureau Xinjiang 834000 China Chenghao Section of No. 2 Production Plant Changqing Oilfield of CNPC Gansu 745106 China

For several decades, wells drilled in Block 6, Sudan, have experienced serious hole-instability problems related to drilling fluids due to the highly reactive and dispersive shales that exist in the Aradeiba and Abu Gabra formations. These problems included washout hole sections combined with tight holes, as well as serious sloughing. Frequent wiper trips were required and logging of the wells was not usually successful. Previously, several conventional inhibitive water-based drilling fluids such as KCl/polymer, KCl/lime/polymer and KCl/PHPA （partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide） have been used in this area, but with only marginal improvements in hole stability and drilling performance. Recently, a newly formulated KCl/sodium silicate system, which is characterized by the good rheological properties and filtration control, was developed and used for providing the necessary inhibitive character. The first trial well was drilled with this kind of drilling fluid in Block 6, Sudan, and the following benefits were observed：（1） Excellent integrity exhibited by drilled cuttings for shale formations; （2） Stable borehole kept with lower mud weight; （3） Reduced wiper trips; and （4） In-gauge borehole shown from caliper logs. Later on, five more wells were drilled with the KCl/sodium silicate system in this area. It was found that the KCl/sodium silicate system can fully meet the demands of drilling operations in this area. Case studies are presented in this paper in terms of wiper trips, inhibitive character of cuttings, hole conditions and mud weight.

关键词： KCl/silicate drilling fluids well bore stability inhibitive character rheological property

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Influence of Composition of KCl/Silicate Drilling Fluids on Rheological Properties

Influence of Composition of KCl/Silicate Drilling Fluids on ...

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The 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Rheology

作者： Jiankang Guo Jienian Yan Weiwang FanDepartment of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 P.R. China Great Wall Drilling Company (GWDC) Beijing 100724 P.R. China

＜正＞ The silicate-based drilling fluids have been used in the petroleum industry for a long time. Early versions of silicate-based systems exhibited very good inhibitive character. However, controlling the rheological properties of this system was quite difficult when the content of solids, especially bentonite, was relatively high. Therefore, this kind of drilling fluids had not been totally accepted by the petroleum industry for a long time. Until the last decade, the sodium silicate was used again in combination with the conventional polymer additives to provide a more effective water-base shale stabilizing system, but the rheological parameters, such as apparent viscosity （μa）, plastic viscosity （μp）, dynamic yield stress （τyd） and static yield stress （τys）, often increase to an unacceptable level with the accumulation of fine drilled cuttings during drilling *** solve this problem, a newly formulated KCl/silicate drilling fluid is developed and has been successfully applied in Block 3＆7, Sudan. Prior to its applications, abundant experiments were carried out to deal with the influence of various content ratio of KG : silicate : bentonite on the rheological properties of aqueous suspension composed of KCl, sodium silicate, bentonite and gel chemicals. The additives used include three kinds of sodium silicate with different silicate ratios, bentonite, potassium chloride, polyanionic cellulose （PAC）, barite, xanthan gum （XC）, etc. The primary purpose to run these tests was to obtain the stable formulation with adequate rheological parameters when the strongly water-sensitive shale formations are encountered. The experimental data show that the rheological parameters were dominated chiefly by the content ratio of KCl : silicate : bentonite. Therefore, the optimized proportion of KCl : silicate : bentonite is critical in the design and application of silicate-based drilling fluids. This has been proven by the field applications in Block 3＆7, Sudan. This pap

关键词： Silicate-based drilling fluids Rheological properties inhibitive character Particle size distribution

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