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Genetic Variation in Salamandrainfraimmaculatafrom Different Habitats Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2014年第2期5卷 54-66页

作者： Gad Degani Tali Goldberg Eviatar Nevo Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of Haifa Haifa Israel School of Science and Technology Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of Haifa Haifa Israel School of Science and Technology Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee Israel MIGAL—Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel

The purpose of the present study was to examine the genetic variation in Salamandra infraimmaculata from different breeding site habitats using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) method. The results of the dendogram from a hierarchical cluster analysis show that the grouping of S. infraimmaculata as cluster 5 differs from all the other clusters, including the St1 (Tel-Dan stream) population, which was the most predictable. Five Haplogroups (Hg) were characterized. The mean number of alleles per locus in each population (Ne) ranged from 10.566 (Sp1) to 2.720 (Po6). An average estimated heterozygosity (He) by population ranged from 0.100 (Po6) to 0.186 (St1). Population St1, a permanent breeding site where water was available all year round, exhibited the highest level of polymorphism, while population Po6, from the ephemeral breeding site, exhibited the lowest level of polymorphism. Gene flow between clusters showed that clusters 3 and 4 are sources of migrants and also receive gene flow, while clusters 1 and 2 may be a source of migrants but may not receive much gene flow. A phylogenetic analysis, based on clustering using Nei’s genetic distance, demonstrated that the Tel-Dan population is located on a separate branch within its sub-population. The conclusion of the present study shows that the genetic divergence among isolated populations is not correlated to distance but is affected by the variation of habitats.

关键词： Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Gene Flow Habitat Salamandra infraimmaculata

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Ecological, Biological and Genetic Adaptation to Xeric Habitats of Salamandra infraimmaculataon the Southern Border of Its Distribution

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第1期7卷 70-92页

作者： Gad Degani Faculty of Science and Technology Tel-Hai Academic College Kiryat Shmona Israel MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center Kiryat Shmona Israel

In the present mini-review, published and unpublished data that have been collected for more than 40 years on the adaption of Salamandra infraimmaculata to semi-arid environments on the southern border of its distribution are presented. The contribution of the present paper is in building a model based on comparing moist habitats with predictable and relatively constant conditions to semi-arid habitats with relatively dry conditions. Based on these parameters, the model suggests adaptation to semi-arid habitats. More specifically, this model is based on the morphology, biology, behavior, life cycle and physiology of S. infraimmaculata adaptation. By considering these many parameters, one hypothesis was raised and was supported. The adaptation to and selection of semi-arid habitats depend mainly on the terrestrial phase and very little on the aquatic phases. In all of the semi-arid habitats, there are various breeding places where the larvae can grow and complete metamorphosis. The molecular genetic variation among the various areas supports our hypothesis, and the difference in the moist habitats is greater than in the semi-arid environments.

关键词： Adaptation Distribution Genetic Life Cycle Salamandra infraimmaculata

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