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Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 364-371页

作者： Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth Edward C.Holmes Dominic E Dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) The Children’s Hospital at WestmeadNSWAustralia Department of Family and Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical City JeddahSaudi Arabia Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Westmead HospitalNSWAustralia Hamad Medical Corporation DohaQatar Ministry of Health RiyadhSaudi Arabia Menzies Research Institute Tasmania HobartTasmaniaAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneyNSWAustralia Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity The University of SydneyNSWAustralia

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.

关键词： Hajj influenza-like illness mass gathering MERS-CoV pilgrim respiratory infections

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Epidemiology of influenza viruses from 2009-2013-A sentinel surveillance report from Union territory of Puducherry, India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 706-711页

作者： Ganesh Nandhini Sistla Sujatha Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research

Objective: To report the i ndings of inl uenza surveillance programme from Union territory of Puducherry and to document the clinical and epidemiological data of inl uenza viruses over a i ve year period from 2009-2013. Methods: Respiratory samples were collected from patients with influenza-like illness from 2009-2013 as part of routine diagnostic and surveillance activity. Detection of pandemic inl uenza A(H1N1) 2009, inl uenza A(H3N2) and inl uenza B was done using Real-time PCR. Results: Of the total 2 247 samples collected from patients with inl uenza-like illness during the study period 287(12.7%) and 92(4.0%) were positive for inl uenza A(H1N1) 2009 and inl uenza A(H3N2) respectively. A subset of 557 of these samples were also tested for inl uenza B and 24(4.3%) were positive. Signii cantly higher positivity rate for both viruses was observed in adults when compared with children. The peak positivity of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 was observed in 2009 followed by 2012, while that of inl uenza A(H3N2) was more uniformly distributed with the exception of 2012. Overall mortality rate due to influenza A(H1N1) 2009 was 7.6% while it was 1% for influenza A(H3N2). Each year influenza-like illness and influenza virus activity coincided with period of high rainfall and low temperature except in the first half of 2012. Conclusions: As the sole referral laboratory in this region, the data provides a comprehensive picture of inl uenza activity. This information will be useful in future planning of the vaccine schedule and inl uenza pandemic preparedness.

关键词： influenza Pandemic Post-pandemic influenza-like illness India

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