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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause pancreatic impairment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2143-2160页

作者： Wei Deng Linlin Bao Zhiqi Song Ling Zhang Pin Yu Yanfeng Xu Jue Wang Wenjie Zhao Xiuqin Zhang Yunlin Han Yanhong Li Jiangning Liu Qi Lv Xujian Liang Fengdi Li Feifei Qi Ran Deng Siyuan Wang Yibai Xiong Ruiping Xiao Hongyang Wang Chuan Qin NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Institute of Molecular Medicine College of Future TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesBeijing 100871China Chinese Academy of Engineering Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital225 Changhai RoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery InstituteSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200438PR China National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200441PR China Changping National laboratory(CPNL) Beijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingPR China

Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of diabetes.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates(NHPs)models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 patients.Multi-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and humans.Minor and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult models.Systemic proteomics and metabolomics results indicated metabolic disorders,mainly enriched in insulin resistance pathways,in infected adult NHPs,along with elevated fasting C-peptide and C-peptide/glucose ratio levels.Furthermore,in elder COVID-19 NHPs,SARS-CoV-2 infection causes loss of beta(β)cells and lower expressed-insulin in situ characterized by islet amyloidosis and necrosis,activation ofα-SMA and aggravated fibrosis consisting of lower collagen in serum,an increase of pancreatic inflammation and stress markers,ICAM-1 and G3BP1,along with more severe glycometabolic dysfunction.In contrast,vaccination maintained glucose homeostasis by activating insulin receptorαand insulin receptorβ.Overall,the cumulative risk of diabetes post-COVID-19 is closely tied to age,suggesting more attention should be paid to blood sugar management in elderly COVID-19 patients.

关键词： infected elevated homeostasis

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A case of solitary choroidal tuberculoma with highly positive tuberculin skin test and negative interferon gamma release assays

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 969-972页

作者： Lin Zhou Bin Hu Zhu-Ping Xu Department of Ophthalmology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Chengdu Tianfu New District People’s HospitalChengdu 641400Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease which has been considered as a global public health emergency problem during the past 25y.The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately one-third of the world’s population are infected by TB.However,only 10%of patients with TB is symptomatic.TB can affect multiple organs throughout the body.Eighty percent of those infected are pulmonary TB.Ocular TB can occur with or without lung or other systemic TB.It is a rare extrapulmonary form of the disease and occupied about 3.5%–5%of all of the TB.It should not be disregarded as its potential influence on vision loss.The intraocular and/or extraocular structures could be impacted by ocular TB[1].Uvea was the most common affected structure[2].

关键词： organs ocular infected

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Structural analysis of conformational changes in the mpox virus A7 protein

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 331-334页

作者： Xincheng Ni Kai Wang Yinze Han Jian Lei National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China

Dear Editor,The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)disease caused by the mpox virus(MPXV)has infected more than 89,700 people and is linked to 157 deaths in 114 countries worldwide as of September 2023(www.***.int).Mpox is a zoonotic disease,the first human case of which was reported in 1970(Breman et al.,1980).Common symptoms in mpox-infected individuals include fever,myalgia,fatigue,headache,and a characteristic rash(Isidro et al.,2022).Current treatments for mpox remain limited,and an in-depth investigation of essential viral protein(s)will help to explore novel drug targets.

关键词： infected headache

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Preventive and therapeutic benefits of nelfinavir in rhesus macaques and human beings infected with SARS-CoV-2

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第5期8卷 2384-2391页

作者： Zhijian Xu Danrong Shi Jian-Bao Han Yun Ling Xiangrui Jiang Xiangyun Lu Chuan Li Likun Gong Guangbo Ge Yani Zhang Yi Zang Tian-Zhang Song Xiao-Li Feng Ren-Rong Tian Jia Ji Miaojin Zhu Nanping Wu Chunhui Wu Zhen Wang Yechun Xu Cheng Peng Min Zheng Junling Yang Feifei Du Junliang Wu Peipei Wang Jingshan Shen Jianliang Zhang Yong-Tang Zheng Hangping Yao Weiliang Zhu State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China Drug Discovery and Design Center Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates Center for Biosafety Mega-ScienceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650107China Department of Infectious Disease Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai201508China Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory Jinan250117China

Effective drugs with broad spectrum safety profile to all people are highly expected to combat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.Here we report that nelfinavir,an FDA approved drug for the treatment of HIV infection,is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.Preincubation of nelfinavir could inhibit the activity of the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2(IC50=8.26μM),while its antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 was determined to be 2.93μM(EC50).In comparison with vehicle-treated animals,rhesus macaque prophylactically treated with nelfinavir had significantly lower temperature and significantly reduced virus loads in the nasal and anal swabs of the animals.At necropsy,nelfinavir-treated animals had a significant reduction of the viral replication in the lungs by nearly three orders of magnitude.A prospective clinic study with 37 enrolled treatment-naive patients at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,which were randomized(1:1)to nelfinavir and control groups,showed that the nelfinavir treatment could shorten the duration of viral shedding by 5.5 days(9.0 vs.14.5 days,P=0.055)and the duration of fever time by 3.8 days(2.8 vs.6.6 days,P=0.014)in mild/moderate COVID-19 patients.The antiviral efficiency and clinical benefits in rhesus macaque model and in COVID-19 patients,together with its well-established good safety profile in almost all ages and during pregnancy,indicated that nelfinavir is a highly promising medication with the potential of preventative effect for the treatment of COVID-19.

关键词： drugs infected treatment

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Oral Sexual Behavior Among HIV-infected Men Who Have Sex with Men--China,February 2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第25期4卷 541-548页

作者： Leiwen Fu Jin Zhao Weiran Zheng Yinghui Sun Tian Tian Bingyi Wang Luoyao Yang Xinyi Zhou Yi-Fan Lin Zhengrong Yang Hui Li Huachun Zou School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shizhong DistrictJinanShandong ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Unprotected oral sex carries a risk of the transmission of sexually transmitted infections(STIs),especially if the individual has poor oral health.What is added by this report?Most human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infected men who have sex with men(MSM)had never used a condom when giving oral sex(89.30%,718/804)or receiving oral sex(90.32%,709/785).Among MSM with detectable viral loads who had ever received oral sex without a condom,40.00%reported ejaculation in their partner’s mouth.

关键词： Infect protected infected

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Construction of MicroRNA-Target Interaction Networks Based on MicroRNA Expression Profiles of HRV16-infected H1-HeLa Cells

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期35卷 854-860页

作者： SONG Qin Qin WANG Yan Hai WANG Xin Ling SHI Bing Tian WANG Rui Fang SONG Juan WANG Wen Jun XIA Dong XIA Zhi Qiang WEI Qiang HAN Jun State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China National Pathogen Resource Center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

In the present study we investigated the changes in miRNA levels inhuman rhinovirus 16(HRV16)-infected cells.A small RNA deep sequencing experiment was performed through next-generation sequencing.In total,53 differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by RT-q PCR,including 37 known mi RNAs and 16 novel miRNAs.Interaction networks between differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets were established by mir DIP and Navigator.The prediction results showed that QKI.

关键词： infected Profiles prediction

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From"step-up"to"step-jump":a leap-forward intervention for infected necrotizing pancreatitis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第3期135卷 285-287页

作者： Dongya Huang Qiang Li Zipeng Lu Kuirong Jiang Junli Wu Wentao Gao Bin Xiao Yi Miao Department of Pancreas Center the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210029China

Acute pancreatitis(AP)can vary widely in its severity,from being clinically self-limiting to a rapidly fatal course.[1]Necrotizing pancreatitis(NP)is the most serious form and is associated with a poor prognosis;the mortality rate is approximately 15%,or up to 30%for cases of infected necrotizing pancreatitis(INP),which often progresses to sepsis and multiple organ failure,the major cause of death and severe complications.[2]The approach to the management of INP has significantly changed during the last 20 years and continues to evolve with the accumulation of experience,new techniques,and research data.Major surgical intervention and debridement were once the mainstay of therapy for patients with symptomatic necrotic foci,but a minimally invasive approach that focuses on percutaneous and/or endoscopic drainage or debridement is now favored.[2]The"step-up"approach,which involves minimally invasive techniques,represents a new paradigm for the treatment of patients with INP,and open pancreatic debridement is now considered to be the final step in the treatment of NP.[2]

关键词： pancreatitis infected necrotizing

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Glut1 expression on CD8^(dim)T cells is associated with immune recovery in HIV-1-infected individuals

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第24期136卷 2999-3001页

作者： Xiuwen Wang Xin Zhang Xiaofan Lu Zhen Li Lifeng Liu Hao Wu Tong Zhang Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

To the Editor:Immune non-responders(INRs),who account for approximately 10-40%of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals,have received effective treatment and exhibit persistent suppression of viral replication,but their CD4^(+)T-cell counts are not restored.They are likely to have an increased risk of non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related morbidity and mortality compared with immune responders(IRs).[1]CD8^(+)T cells play an important role in viral infection,and the functional properties of circulating CD8^(+)T cells have been associated with immune control of HIV.High CD8^(+)T-cell counts are beneficial for persistent viral decay and CD4 T-cell recovery in immune-restored patients during long-term antiretroviral therapy(ART).[2]Two subsets of CD8^(+)T cells have been identified according to their intensity of CD8 expression:CD8^(bri)and CD8^(dim)T lymphocytes.It was demonstrated that CD3^(+)CD8^(dim)T cells,with weaker function than CD3^(+)CD8^(bri)T cells,were associated with disease progression during HIV infection.[3]However,dynamic changes in the numbers of CD8^(bri)and CD8^(dim)T cells in INRs and IRs before and after ART have not yet been reported.

关键词： infected mortality likely

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Flavivirus-infected hosts attract more mosquitoes to bite

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第2期17卷 355-357页

作者： Hong Zhang Xi Yu Yibin Zhu Gong Cheng Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518000China

Mosquitoes adapt to different habitats and feed on a variety of animals.Anthropophilic female mosquitoes,such as Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae,have a strong innate drive to detect their human hosts and acquire blood meals for their egg production[1].Their biting behavior is not only annoying but also transmits many life-threatening diseases.Aedes aegypti has evolved to specialize in biting humans and is the vector of many mosquito-borne diseases,such as dengue virus(DENV),Zika virus(ZIKV),yellow fever virus(YFV),and chikungunya virus(CHIKV)[2].Anopheles gambiae,the malaria vector,has also developed a preference for humans,which makes it an effective vector for disease transmission.Many mosquito-borne infectious diseases pose an increasing global health threat,and consequently,there is an urgent need to control their transmission.

关键词： diseases infected yellow

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Increased type III interferons and NK cell functions in SARS-CoV-2-infected children

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第3期8卷 888-890页

作者： Seong Dong Jeong Hoyoung Lee Ju Young Chang Seong Yong Lee Ji Eun Choi Eunmi Yang Hye Won Jeong Jae-Phil Choi Mi Seon Han Eui-Cheol Shin The Center for Viral Immunology Korea Virus Research InstituteInstitute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34126Republic of Korea Department of Pediatrics Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University of College of MedicineSeoul 07061Republic of Korea Division of infectious diseases Seoul Medical CenterSeoul 02053Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chungbuk National University College of MedicineCheongju 28644Republic of Korea Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is more likely to progress to severe disease in the elderly,and the rates of hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)increase with age.1,2 Herein,we comprehensively compared adaptive and innate immune responses between children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： infected acute respiratory

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