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Detection of a Real Time Remote Sensing indices and Soil Moisture for Drought Monitoring and Assessment in Jordan

Open Journal of Geology 2019年第13期9卷 1048-1068页

作者： Ibrahim A. Farhan Jawad Al-Bakri The University of Jordan School of Arts Geography Department Amman Jordan The University of Jordan School of Agriculture Land Water and Environment Department Amman Jordan

Drought monitoring represents a challenge for water and agricultural sector as this natural hazard accelerates water deficiency and leads to adverse environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The use of remote sensing data and geospatial techniques to monitor and map drought severity expanded in the last decades with progressive developments in data sources and processing. This study investigates the correlations among drought indices derived with soil moisture stress (K) obtained from ground data collected from fields cultivated with barley. The study, carried out in Yarmouk basin in the north of Jordan, includes NDVI, PDI, MPDI and PVI derived from Landsat 8-OLI and Sentinel 2-MSI. Results showed different behavior among the indices and throughout the 2016/2017 growing season, with maximum correlation between PDI and MPDI followed by NDVI with PVI. Correlations among the remote sensing indices and K for different soil depths during March-April were significant for most indices with a maximum (R2) of 0.82 for K30-50 and MPDI, followed by K30-50 with NDVI. Drought severity maps for the month of March showed different trends for the different indices, with similarities between MPDI and PDI. The map of drought severity combined from the remote sensing indices and K showed that PDI and soil moisture could significantly explain 56% of variations in spatial patterns of drought, while the combination of MPDI, PDI and NDVI could significantly explain up to 59% of variations in drought severity map. Therefore, the study recommends the adoption of these remotely sensed indices for monitoring and mapping of agricultural droughts.

关键词： Rainfed Crops Soil Moisture Drought indices Remote Sensing Data Drought Map Jordan

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Midwifery and Midwives Service Scheme: A Panacea for Improvement of Some Maternal and Neonatal indices in Nigeria—A Brief Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第7期4卷 343-348页

作者： Prosper Adogu Department of Community Medicine NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria

Introduction: Midwifery is the art of caring for women during childbearing. It is practiced throughout the world according to the norms, traditions and cultural practices found in each country. Maternal mortality in Nigeria is high but there are wide variations between the geopolitical zones of the country. Government has established the midwives service scheme (MSS) as part of efforts towards reversing the country’s unacceptably high maternal mortality trends. To improve these indices, the MSS in Nigeria engaged newly graduated unemployed and retired midwives to work temporarily in rural areas. The midwives are posted for twelve months to selected primary care facilities linked through a cluster model in which four such facilities with the capacity to provide basic essential obstetric care are clustered around a secondary care facility with the capacity to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric care. This brief review is an attempt at exploring the impact of the midwives service scheme on maternal and neonatal indices in Nigeria. Main content: The outcome of the MSS four years has been an improvement though unevenly and marginally, in these indices in the various geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Improvements have been noticed in maternal indices such as antenatal care attendance, women receiving two doses of tetanus toxoid and number of deliveries by skilled personnel. Also reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality has been observed over the years following introduction of the scheme. Major challenges however, include lack of essential drugs, poor accommodation facilities for MSS staff, irregular payment of their remuneration and lack of water/power supply to some designated facilities for the scheme. Recommendations and conclusions: It is therefore recommended that 24 hours availability of essential drugs at primary healthcare centers be maintained. This should happen in conjunction with regular payment of full entitlements and benefits and provision of secure

关键词： Midwifery Midwives Service Scheme Maternal and Neonatal indices Nigeria

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Water Quality Parameters and Fish Biodiversity indices as Measures of Ecological Degradation: A Case Study in Two Floodplain Lakes of India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第1期2卷 85-92页

作者： Debjit Kumar MONDAL Anilava KAVIRAJ Subrata SAHA 不详

A three year study was conducted in two floodplain lakes to evaluate changes between seasonal variation of water quality parameter and finfish diversity indices. Samples of water and fish specimens were collected every month from three different stations of each lake to determine physico-chemical parameters of water and the finfish diversity indices. Split-plot and MANOVA designs, Multiplicative decomposition method and quadratic regression analysis were used to analyze the effects of the rate of changes between the parameters and sustainability of the lakes. The obtained results suggested that the impact of environmental change (e.g depth, conductivity, salinity of water etc.) on diversity indices was significant and should be taken into consideration when designing policies to increase the long-term sustainability of fishing activities in the lakes.

关键词： Baur Finfish Diversity indices Multiplicative Decomposition Quadratic Regression

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Biochemical and physio-morphological indices for sesame drought resistance germplasm selection

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Oil Crop Science 2018年第2期3卷 99-110页

作者： Donghua Li Komivi Dossa Yanxin Zhang Lei Wang Xiaofeng Zhu Linhai Wang Xiurong Zhang Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

In order to efficiently screen drought resistant varieties from a large scale of sesame germplasm, key traits were identified in this study. Six varieties with different drought resistance levels were submitted to a repeated drought stress experiment followed by rehydration phases at seedling stage. Results revealed that ‘ZZM5396', ‘ZZM1446' and‘ZZM0635' showed highest drought resistance features by phenotypic, physiological and biochemical detection. Peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities, photosynthetic rate(Photo), root and stem dry matters are indices for drought resistance screening in *** results from seedling stage were consistent with that from germination stage, despite the fact that ‘ZZM1446' appeared to be superior under drought at seedling stage. The identified genotypes may be useful for breeding towards drought resistance and relevant molecular analysis in sesame.

关键词： sesame drought stress physiology antioxidant drought indices

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Characteristic of Ionospheric foF2 and Solar indices during the 23rd Solar Cycle over High Latitude Station, Syowa, Antarctica

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American Journal of Climate Change 2015年第5期4卷 408-416页

作者： Purushottam Bhawre Kamal Kishore Suresh Kumar Dogra Pramod Kumar Purohit Malik Abdul Waheed Prakash Khatarkar Roshni Atulkar Space Science Laboratory Department of Physics Barkatullah University Bhopal India Government Degree College Udhampur India National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training & Research (NITTTR) Bhopal India

The behavior and dynamics of ionosphere are completely dependent on the solar activity. We have investigated the long term variability of ionospheric parameter foF2 with corresponding changes in the solar activity during the 23rd solar cycle. The variation of the critical frequency of ionospheric foF2 at Syowa Station Antarctica, (69°S, 39°E) is examined with four different solar activity indices characterizing the long term variability of solar activity wise Flare Index, relative sunspot number (Rz), solar flux F10.7 cm and CME occurrence index. We compared the dependency of foF2 and other solar activity indices on each other by using linear correlation investigation, and showed the qualitative similarity of the ionospheric foF2 with the solar indices. We notice that hysteresis of foF2 is lower for the growing branches of the solar cycle. The individual dissimilarity of critical frequency foF2 demonstrated the dependency on the solar cycle but this variation was different during the months, which depended on solar activity and polar ionospheric behavior. The peak to peak variation between monthly average of critical frequency foF2 and solar indices parameter is evidence for the absolute dependency for each other. The linear correlation between the solar indices and foF2 is very strong during the climbing and downward branches of the solar cycle. However the incline of their linear fits shows variations from index to index.

关键词： High Latitude foF2 Solar Cycle Solar indices

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Application of Pollution indices in the Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Sediments of River Bonsa, Ghana

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第2期7卷 176-189页

作者： Francis Krampah Samuel Yeboah Nyarko Kennedy Danlogo Peter Sanful University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Cranfield University Bedfordshire UK University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Heavy metal contamination of sediments is a major risk to ecological systems and human health. Not only do sediments influence the quality of the water column, but can be transferred to micro biota and fishes, ultimately ending up at higher trophic levels in the food chain though biomagnification. This study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of heavy metals in the sediments of river Bonsa. Ten sediment samples were taken along the river and analyzed for Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Data analysis was accomplished by comparing the measured heavy metal concentrations to Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fresh water sediment quality guidelines and by the computation of geo-accumulation indices and enrichment factors. The results show that apart from Ni which had two of its sample concentrations (at BS1 21.167 mg/kg and at BS2 29.374 mg/kg) exceeding the ANZECC lower limit (21 mg/kg) guideline for fresh water sediment, all other heavy metals recorded concentrations below the lower limits of their respective ANZECC standards. Out of the 10 samples analyzed, 7 recorded Mn concentrations above the NOAA ARC TEL. A one-sample t-test also showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr were significantly lower than their respective ANZECC threshold values and Fe concentration was also significantly lower than the NOAA threshold;however, there was no significant difference between Mn mean value and the corresponding NOAA guideline value. The assessment of heavy metal pollution was derived using the Enrichment Factor (EF) and geo-accumulation indices (I-geo). The computed enrichment factors indicated that all the heavy metals except Ni are from natural sources (i.e., EF < 1.5) signifying a degree of heavy metal depl

关键词： Heavy Metals Sediment Enrichment Factor Geo-Accumulation Index Pollution indices River Bonsa

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On the Co-Variability between Climate indices and the Potential Spread of Seasonal Climate Simulations over South African Provinces

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 381-397页

作者： Kamoru A. Lawal Dáithí A. Stone African Climate & Development Initiative University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Computational Chemistry Materials and Climate Group Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA

This study investigates the co-variability between measures of the spreads in the ensembles of seasonal climate simulations and large scale climate indices. Spreads in the ensembles of seasonal simulations (of rainfall and near surface air temperature) from an atmospheric model, over South African provinces, are quantified with the de-trended anomalies of standard deviation (StdDev) and the distance between the 90th and 10th percentiles (RoP) of the simulations. Results indicate that, on seasonal time scales, measures of spread significantly co-vary with observed global sea surface temperatures (SST) far and near. This suggests that the climate factors controlling the degree to which the seasonal climate may be precisely forecast over the South African provinces may both be locally and remotely based. Results also indicate that all significant predictors of spread—El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Benguela Niño (BGN) and Southwest Indian Ocean Index (SWI), are of tropical origin;they co-vary significantly with measures of spread on seasonal time scales over a number of provinces and seasons, particularly during the rainfall onset and peak periods, as well as during the cold season. Nevertheless, responses of measures of spread to climate predictors are relatively small, either indicating that predictor-spread relationships are more complex in nature than can be represented by the traditionally simple climate indices, or indicating that controls on ensemble spread are weak. Therefore, there may be limits to the extent to which year-to-year variations in the predictability of seasonal climate over South Africa provinces might be understood.

关键词： Climate indices Correlation Coefficient Ensemble Spread Seasonal Climate South Africa

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Long-term trends in solar activity. Variations of solar indices in the last 40 years

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 1-12页

作者： Elena Bruevich Vasily Bruevich Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University

We analyze long-term variations of several solar activity indices(AIs) that have been measured over the last 40 *** this goal,we study the AIs that characterize the fluxes from different areas in the solar *** consideration of mutual correlations between the solar indices is based on the study of relationships between them in the period from 1950 to *** period of time,covering activity cycles 19–22,is characterized by relatively stable relations between the *** investigate the normalized variations of these indices in recent time in relation to their values which were calculated by considering radiation from the Sun in the radio range at a wavelength of 10.7 cm(F10.7) in 1950–*** analysis of time series,representing variations of the normalized AI(AIFF) in solar cycles 23–24,shows different trends exist for different indices in terms of their long-term *** assume that variations of normalized International Sunspot Number(SSN),F530.3 and Flare Index,which have shown sharp decreases in the last 40 years,are possibly associated with a decrease in the intensity of large-scale magnetic fields in the photosphere(SSN) and in the corona(the coronal index and the Flare Index).

关键词： method data analysis-Sun activity indices

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第3期4卷 385-393页

作者： Syeed Md Iskander Mohammad Adnan Rajib Md Mujibur Rahman Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka Bangladesh School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Trends and variability of annual precipitation total, annual number of rainy days and two climate change related precipitation indices named Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII) and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) have been investigated in this study. The analysis was based on daily and monthly precipitation data of 35 observatory stations all over Bangladesh for the study period of 1971-2010. Mann Kendall test was performed to detect the trend and Sen’s slope method to determine the magnitude of change. The results indicate statistically significant (95% confidence level) negative trend in 4 stations and significant positive trend in 2 stations for annual precipitation total. Significant positive trend in 9 stations for annual number of rainy days, significant negative trend in 6 stations for SDII and for PCI, and significant negative trend in 6 stations were found all over Bangladesh in this study. The values of PCI indicate strongly irregular precipitation distribution in South Eastern Region (SER) and mostly irregular distribution in other regions. On the other hand values of SDII indicate strong precipitation intensity in SER and mostly moderate intensity in other regions all over the country.

关键词： Bangladesh Climate Change indices Precipitation PCI SDII

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Evaluation of Drought Tolerant Rice Cultivars Using Drought Tolerant indices under Water Stress and Irrigated Condition

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American Journal of Climate Change 2019年第2期8卷 228-236页

作者： Mandeep Adhikari Nav Raj Adhikari Subarna Sharma Janmajaya Gairhe Rishi Ram Bhandari Sakshi Paudel Department of Plant Breeding Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi State USA Department of Soil Science and Agri-Engineering Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA Prithu Technical College Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Dang Nepal

Drought is the most critical abiotic factor reducing rice yield in rainfed and drought prone areas. Majority of rice cultivated area in south Asia are under rainfed, where water stress at any of the critical growth stage causes sharp decline in yield. Research was conducted in western Nepal at farmers field around the close vicinity of Regional Agriculture Research Center (RARS) Nepalgunj. Ten different rice cultivars were evaluated under drought stress and non-stress condition during the year 2017 to identify superior stress tolerant cultivars. Different drought tolerance indices like stress tolerance (TOL), Stress tolerance index (STI), Stress susceptibility index (SSI), were tested in screening superior rice cultivars. Significant reduction in mean grain yield was observed under drought stress in all rice cultivars under the study. The rice cultivars with high STI values and low TOL and SSI were identified as superior drought tolerant cultivars. Based on results of different tolerance indices, Sukha series of rice, Sukha Dhan 1-6 and Radha-4 showed low TOL and SSI and high STI values and were identified as drought tolerant cultivars. The present study reveals that selection based on drought tolerance indices can be an efficient tool in identification of superior drought tolerant cultivars with higher yield and stability.

关键词： Rice Drought Stress Drought Tolerance indices Drought Tolerant Cultivars

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