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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 173-184页

作者： Zhen Wang Jiazhen Huo Yongrui Duan School of Economics and Management Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Bosch-Tongji University Chair of Global Supply Chain Management Shanghai 200092China

Because governments have introduced policies involving incentives and penalties to promote the recycling of plastic waste,it is important to understand the impact of such incentives and penalties on the willingness of stakeholders to participate.In this study,government is included as a player,alongside waste collectors and recyclers,in a tripartite evolutionary game model of plastic waste recycling.The study explores the evolutionary equilibrium and performs a simulation analysis to elucidate the effect of government incentives and penalties on the willingness of other players to participate in recycling.Three conclusions are drawn from this research.First,an increase in incentives or in penalties increases the probability that collectors and recyclers will participate in the recycling process.Second,policy support incentives encourage collectors and recyclers to participate in plastic waste recycling earlier than subsidy incentives do.Finally,recyclers are more sensitive than collectors to government-imposed penalties.

关键词： Plastic waste Recycle Reuse Government incentives Government penalties Evolutionary game

Building Momentum to Realign incentives to Support Open Science

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 71-78页

作者： Heather Joseph SPARC(Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) Washington DC 20036USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to strengthen global scientific collaboration,and to ensure the fundamental right to universal access to scientific progress and its applications.Open Science(OS)is central to achieving these goals.It aims to make science accessible,transparent,and effective by providing barrier-free access to scientific publications,data,and infrastructures,along with open software,Open Educational Resources,and open technologies.OS also promotes public trust in science at a time when it has never been more important to do so.Over the past decade,momentum towards the widespread adoption of OS practices has been primarily driven by declarations(e.g.,DORA,the Leiden Manifesto).These serve an important role,but for OS to truly take root,researchers also must be fully incentivized and rewarded for its practice.This requires research funders and academic leaders to take the lead in collaborating,with researchers in designing,and implementing new incentive structures,and to actively work to socialize these throughout the research ecosystem.The US National Academies of Science,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM)Roundtable on Aligning Research incentives for OS is one such effort.This paper examines the strategy behind convening the Roundtable,its current participant makeup,focus,and outputs.It also explores how this approach might be expanded and adapted throughout the global OS community.

关键词： Research assessment incentives Open Science NASEM Roundtable

Effect of incentives on Web-Based Surveys

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第3期13卷 344-347页

作者：粟婕邵培基方佳明 School of Management University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Investigators seek ways to effectively raise the response rate of surveys. incentives have a great influence on response rate, retention rate, and response quality in traditional surveys. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what kinds of incentives are effective in web-based surveys. This study summarizes the research framework of previous studies on the effect of incentives in web-based surveys to show that material incentives have a significant effect on web-based surveys with prepaid incentives having a moderate influence on raising the response rate. Contingent incentives significantly reduce the response rate. These findings provide guidance for web-based investigations.

关键词： incentives web-based surveys Internet material incentives nonmaterial incentives prepaid incentives contingent incentives

R＆D Returns, Spillovers and Firm incentives： Evidence from China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第4期11卷 581-607页

作者： Chorching Goh Wei Li Lixin Colin Xu World Bank Washington DC 20433 USA Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business Beijing 100738 China

Using a new data set of 12,000 finns in China, this paper estimates the returns to R＆D investment and its spillover effects, and investigates how the returns to R＆D depend on finn incentives. For the finns in the sample, the results show that on average firm output increases around 0.4 yuan for each additional 1 yuan spent on R＆D in the previous year, and there is high R＆D return regardless of whether the endogeneity of R＆D intensity is dealt with or not. Interestingly, the marginal return to R＆D is significantly higher in firms whose CEOs were not appointed by the government, and lower when CEO pay is directly related to annual performance. The return to R＆D is higher in relatively poor regions and for finns with worse access to finance. There are also non-trivial R＆D spillover effects.

关键词： R＆D returns incentives spillover

West meets east: Understanding managerial incentives in Chinese SOEs

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2019年第2期12卷 177-189页

作者： Qingquan Xin Anze Bao Fang Hu Chongqing University China Griffith University Australia

State-owned enterprises(SOE) are essentially extensions of the government and are therefore responsible for multi-task objectives. The incentive system for SOE managers consists of both monetary compensation and promotion within the bureaucratic system. Political promotion is key to understanding the incentives of SOE managers. In the reform and opening up era, SOEs have been reformed and exposed to political and market forces. The design of incentive systems for SOE managers has thus become complicated and challenging.Our study provides important implications for this key issue of SOE reform.

关键词： SOE Managerial incentives Bureaucratic hierarchy Political promotion

Bubbles and incentives:an experiment on asset markets

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Economic and Political Studies 2021年第1期9卷 68-89页

作者： Stéphane Robin Katerina Stráznická Marie Claire Villeval Grenoble INP Institute of Engineering and Management Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory(GAEL)University of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance French National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS) ParisFrance National Institute for Agricultural Research(INRA) ParisFrance Clermont Research Management(CleRMA) University of Clermont AuvergneClermont-FerrandFrance University of Lyon LyonFrance Group of Economic Analysis and Theory(GATE) French National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS)EcullyFrance Institute of Labour Economics(IZA) BonnGermany

We explore the effects of competitive incentives and of their time horizon on the evolution of both asset prices and trading activity in experimental asset markets.We compare(i)a no-bonus treatment;(ii)a short-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of each trading period;(iii)a long-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of the 15 periods of the market.We find that the existence of bonus contracts does not increase the likelihood of bubbles but it affects their severity,depending on the time horizon of bonuses.Markets with longterm bonus contracts experience lower price deviations and a lower turnover of assets than markets with either no bonuses or long-term bonus contracts.Short-term bonus contracts increase price deviations but only when markets include a higher share of male traders.At the individual level,the introduction of bonus contracts increases the trading activity of males,probably due to their higher competitiveness.

关键词： Asset market bubbles incentives bonuses risk attitudes experiment

Supplier development and its incentives in infrastructure mega-projects： A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018年第1期5卷 88-97页

作者： Wei ZENG Jinwen ZHANG Hongwei WANG Hongtao ZHOU School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority Zhuhai 519060 China School of Management Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects. Compared with manufacturing industry, the characteristics of supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects is analyzed in term of development motives, supplier selection, quality management, production mode, owner participation and risks. The critical factors influencing the construction supplier development are identified, which include incentives, collaboration, future market, trust and bilateral communication. Furthermore, focusing on the incentives for the supplier's product quality and production capacity improvement, decision-making framework models are proposed to design the incentive mechanisms.

关键词： infrastructure mega-project supplier development critical success factors incentives case study

Payments for Ecosystem Services incentives and Adoption of Land Use Interventions in Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 299-316页

作者： Lazaro Kagata Felister Mombo Fatihiya A. Massawe Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Forest & Environmental Economics College of Forest Wildlife & Tourism Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Policy Planning and Management College of Social Sciences and Humanities Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

The role played by Payments for ecosystem services (PES) in promoting land use interventions is increasingly being recognized as an important instrument for changing land use management worldwide. Despite the increase, adoption of land use interventions promoted by PES and factors influencing it are not well understood. This study was carried out to assess the adoption of land use interventions promoted by PES scheme four years after its implementation in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the adoption and factors that influenced it. The study employed questionnaire survey method to collect data from 219 households selected randomly. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also conducted to complement information obtained through questionnaire surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse quantitative data obtained, while content analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results revealed that during the project implementation, 40% of the households did not adopt any of the promoted interventions. Unexpectedly, four years after the project ended, every household sampled had adopted the interventions. Households headed by younger heads and those with land ownership, households which received PES incentives and lived for a long time in the same area and those with more labour force and access to extension services were found to have adopted more interventions (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, the study concludes that socioeconomic characteristics, agricultural extension services and incentives initially provided to farmers are key factors influencing the adoption of land use interventions. Therefore, it is recommended to the government that it should support farmers to get land tenure and to provide them with more incentives to improve their farms through adopting technologies.

关键词： Ecosystem Services Payments for Ecosystem Services Watersheds Land Use Interventions incentives and Adoption

The Potential Impact of incentives on Managed Lane Travel

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2018年第4期8卷 255-272页

作者： Namoo A. Han Mark W. Burris Freese and Nichols Dallas TX USA Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

The use of managed lanes to control and maximize freeway throughput is increasing. One way of encouraging more managed lane use is through the implementation of incentives. In the Dallas-Fort Worth area, a managed lane is being added to the I-30 (Tom Landry freeway) and incentives to maximize the use of this lane were planned. Since the managed lanes were not yet open and the incentives were hypothetical, a stated preference survey was used to gauge the potential impact of the incentives on traveler behavior. The stated preference questions were designed using Db-efficient and random adaptive designs. The incentives were chosen by looking at other programs around the country and through discussion with transportation experts. Once ready, the survey was administered online to travelers in the area and a total of 898 usable responses were gathered. From the responses, a mixed-logit model was developed to describe and predict traveler behavior. From the model, elasticities were calculated to predict the impact of the incentives on mode choice. The model found that incentives with discounts and free trips (a transit fare discount, express bus service to downtown, a free trip for every X number of paid trips, and a discount offered to select businesses) were more effective at encouraging managed lane use. The other incentives (gift card worth $5 for every X number of trips and $5 in credit for every X number of trips taken by transit) had less of an impact.

关键词： Managed Lanes incentives Stated Preference Survey

Measuring the Effectiveness of Safety incentives in Construction Sites in Korea

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2018年第4期6卷 267-277页

作者： Gwang-Hee Kim Department of Architectural Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon South Korea

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of motivation factors that actively induce construction workers participate in safety prevention activities and to investigate the effect of incentive program as motivation factor by conducting questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted for construction workers from September, 2017 to October, 2018, and the number of respondents was 256. The results of this study are that the factor of the greatest role in encouraging workers to voluntarily participate in accident prevention activities is management factors and that the introduction of new management methods such as safety incentives to reduce safety accidents is necessary. These results indicate that the accident prevention facilities and safety education and training have their limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly reconsider what has already been done, and to find more innovative methods to reduce construction accidents.

关键词： Accident Prevention Activities Motivation Factors Safety incentives