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Possible Factors Involved in Oral inactivity of Meropenem, a Carbapenem Antibiotic

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2012年第2期3卷 201-206页

作者： Toshihide Saito Rinako Sawazaki Kaori Ujiie Masako Oda Hiroshi Saitoh Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido Japan Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu Hokkaido Japan.

Meropenem, a carbapenem antibiotic, is inactive after oral administration and administered exclusively by injection. In this study, in order to address the factors involved in the oral inactivity of meropenem, in vitro permeation characteristics across rat ileal segments was investigated using diffusion cells. Moreover, stability of meropenem was evaluated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 1st and 2nd fluid for disintegration test. Cefotaxime, ceftibuten, and faropenem were used for comparison. The permeation of meropenem across rat ileal segments was approximately 5-fold greater in secretory direction than in absorptive direction. The secretory-oriented transport of meropenem markedly diminished by replacement of D-glucose in the experimental medium with unmetabolizing 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, suggesting that the secretory transport of meropenem was an energy-dependent process. Cefotaxime exhibited extensively secretory-oriented permeation. On the other hand, much weaker directionalities were observed in ceftibuten and faropenem. While meropenem as well as other three β-lactam antibiotics was stable in JP 2nd fluid (pH 6.8), it declined rapidly in JP 1st fluid (pH 1.2). These results suggest that, in addition to the hydrophilic property of meropenem, its instability at gastric pH and secretory transport in the small intestine are possible factors involved in the inactivity of meropenem after oral administration.

关键词： Meropenem Oral inactivity Secretory transport Degradation Gastric pH

Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep?A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ Cohort participants

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 596-604页

作者： Li-Jung Chen Mark Hamer Yun-Ju Lai Bo-Huei Huang Po-Wen Ku Emmanuel Stamatakis Department of Exercise Health Science (National)Taiwan University of SportTaichung 40404China Institute of Sport Exercise and Health Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicinePuli Branch of Taichung Veterans General HospitalNantou 54552China School of Medicine (National)Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei 11221China Charles Perkins Centre School of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Graduate Institute of Sports and Health (National)Changhua University of EducationChanghua 50007China Department of Kinesiology (National)Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu 30013China

Background:This study examined the joint associations of sleep patterns and physical activity(PA) with all-cause,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and cancer ***:A total of 341,248 adults(mean age=39.7 years;men:48.3%) were included in the study,with a 15-year *** reported sleep duration and disturbances(difficulty falling asleep,easily awakened,or use of sleeping medication).PA was classified into 4 levels:30.0 metabolic equivalent hours per week(MET-h/week).To understand the joint associations of sleep patterns and PA with mortality,Cox proportional hazard models were conducted,with exposure variables combining sleep duration/disturbances and ***:Compared with the reference group(sleeping 6-8 h/day),individuals who slept>8 h/day had higher risk for all-cause mortality(hazard ratio(HR)=1.307,95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.248-1.369),CVD mortality(HR=1.298,95%CI:1.165-1.445),and cancer mortality(HR=1.128,95%CI:1.042-1.220).Short sleep duration was not associated with mortality *** risk of all-cause and CVD mortality was found in participants who had difficulty falling asleep(HR=1.120,95%CI:1.068-1.175;HR=1.163,95%CI:1.038-1.304,respectively),and used sleeping medication(HR=1.261,95%CI:1.159-1.372;HR=1.335,95%CI:1.102-1.618,respectively) compared with those who slept *** sleep duration and sleep disturbances were not associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals achieving a PA level of>15 MET-h/week,and in particular among those achieving> 30 MET-h/***:Long sleep duration,difficulty falling asleep,and use of sleeping medication were related to a higher risk of *** physically active at a moderate intensity for 25-65 min/day eliminated these detrimental associations.

关键词： Exercise Heart disease inactivity Insomnia Sleep disorders

Egocentric social network correlates of physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第4期9卷 339-344页

作者： Sonja Motteli Simone Dohle Department of Health Sciences and Technology(D-HEST) ETH Z€urichZ€urich 8092Switzerland Department of Psychology University of CologneCologne 08215Germany

Background:The social environment might play an important role in explaining people’s physical activity(PA)***,little is known regarding whether personal networks differ between physically active and physically inactive *** study aimed to examine the relationship between personal network characteristics and adults’physical(in)***:An egocentric social network study was conducted in a random sample in Switzerland(n=529,mean age of 53 years,54%females).Individual and personal network measures were compared between regular exercisers and *** extent of these factors’association with PA levels was also ***:Non-exercisers(n=183)had 70%non-exercising individuals in their personal networks,indicating homogeneity,whereas regular exercisers(n=346)had 57%regularly exercising individuals in their networks,meaning more heterogeneous personal ***,having more regular exercisers in personal networks was associated with higher PA levels,over and above individual *** with an entirely active personal network reported,on average,1 day of PA more per week than respondents who had a completely inactive personal *** personal network characteristics,such as network size or gender composition,were not associated with ***:Non-exercisers seem to be clustered in inactive networks that provide fewer opportunities and resources,as well as less social support,for *** effectively promote PA,both individuals and personal networks need to be addressed,particularly the networks of inactive people(e.g.,by promoting group activities).

关键词： Egocentric network Exercise inactivity Personal network Physical activity Questionnaire Similarity/homogeneity

A Longitudinal Analysis of Environment and Risk of Obesity in the US

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第9期5卷 204-220页

作者： Yanqing Xu Yanhong Liu Tian Chen Wanyun Shao Zhongliang Fu Department of Geography and Planning University of Toledo Toledo USA School of Intervention and Wellness University of Toledo Toledo USA Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of Toledo Toledo USA Department of Sociology Anthropology and Geography Auburn University at Montgomery Montgomery USA School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan China

Obesity is a fast-growing global health crisis and the epidemic is about to get worse. Environment has been shown to influence physical activity and people’s body weight. Utilizing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2004-2010 waves of the continuous obesity data, this study conducted longitudinal analyses to examine neighborhood built environment and obesity risk controlling for the effects of socio-demographic characteristics. This study presents a comprehensive effort to understand the relationship between the environment and physical inactivity and obesity across the entire contiguous US. When constructing measures of the built environment, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to calculate street connectivity, walk score and food environment. In addition to the built environment, the natural environment, which was represented by the annual number of extreme weather events from 2004-2010, was taken into account in explaining variation of physical inactivity and obesity across the contiguous US. Results show that higher street connectivity and walk score are related to lower physical inactivity and obesity rates, while the ratio of fast-food restaurants and number of extreme weather events are positively related to physical inactivity and obesity. The results are believed to provide policy-makers and planners with useful insights into the dynamics between the environment and obesity epidemic. Further, the significant effects of extreme weather invite more studies to investigate the relationship between the natural environment and obesity.

关键词： Obesity Physical inactivity Built Environment Longitudinal Study The US

Correlation between breast cancer and lifestyle within the Gulf Cooperation Council countries:A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第4期11卷 217-242页

作者： Lara Theresa Annette Tanner Kwok Leung Cheung School of Medicine University of NottinghamDerby DE223DTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND In the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries(GCCCs),Bahrain,Saudi Arabia,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar and the United Arab Emirates,breast cancer(BC)is the greatest cause of cancer incidence and *** and physical inactivity are established risk factors for BC globally and appear to be more of a problem in high income countries like the *** To determine whether obesity and physical inactivity are associated with BC incidence in the GCCCs using the United Kingdom as a *** This systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines.A cancer registry and a statistical data search was done to identify the BC incidence over the past two decades and the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in the ***,a systematic search of the databases,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and PubMed between 1999 and 2019 was performed to determine whether obesity and physical inactivity are risk factors for BC in the *** papers were critically appraised according to their research methods and were assessed for quality and risk of *** BC was the top malignancy in each GCC *** tended to be diagnosed with BC at a younger age than women in the United *** greatest 10-year increase in BC incidence was seen in Saudi Arabia(54.2%),,approximately seven times the rate of increase seen in the United Kingdom(7.6%).The prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity was greater in all the GCCCs in comparison to the United Kingdom.A total of 155 full studies were reviewed of which 17 were *** those,eight looked at the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in the Gulf States and nine looked at these as risk factors for *** one study found an association between BC and obesity(odds ratio=2.29).No studies looked solely at the link between physical inactivity and *** The prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity was high within the GCCCs,but the majority of the included studies found no po

关键词： Breast cancer Obesity Physical inactivity Females Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Generalized Weighted Exponential-Gompertez Distribution

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第2期11卷 97-118页

作者： Abd El-Moneim A. M. Teamah Hanan H. El-Damrawy Shaimaa M. T. Swan Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt

Statistical analysis of lifetime data is a significant topic in social sciences, engineering, reliability, biomedical and others. We use the generalized weighted exponential distribution, as a generator to introduce a new family called generalized weighted exponential-G family, and apply this new generator to provide a new distribution called generalized weighted exponential gombertez distribution. We investigate some of its properties, moment generating function, moments, conditional moments, mean residual lifetime, mean inactivity time, strong mean inactivity time, Rényi entropy, Lorenz curves and Bonferroni. Furthermore, in this model, we estimate the parameters by using maximum likelihood method. We apply this model to a real data-set to show that the new generated distribution can produce a better fit than other classical lifetime models.

关键词： Generalized Weighted Exponential-G Family Gombertez Distribution Bonferroni and Lorenz Curves Conditional Moments Mean inactivity Time Mean Residual Lifetime Maximum Likelihood Estimators

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