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Biological analysis of woodpecker’s brain after impact experiments

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第5期64卷 1101-1106页

作者： XU Peng NI YiKun LIU JingLong ZHANG WeiRong LIU SiJian WANG LiZhen FAN YuBo Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

Woodpeckers can withstand a fierce impact during *** studies have focused on the biomechanical analysis of the pecking process,the properties of the beak and hyoid bone of woodpecker;however,the biological characteristics of the woodpecker brain are also important in resisting impact *** employed impact experiments and biological analysis in normal and injured brains to reveal the impact-resistant biological characteristics of woodpecker brains,as well as the impact energy’s biological effects on the woodpecker *** hoopoe,which has a similar size but only a slight pecking behavior,was selected as the control group to compare brain morphology and neuronal cells differences in normal brains between woodpecker and hoopoe by sectioning and staining.A loading device was designed to conduct a quantifiable impact energy to the woodpeckers’*** groups of woodpeckers were impacted with the same energy on the forehead,beak,tempus and occiput,*** changes in the injured brains were evaluated by Nissl staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** results showed that:(1)woodpeckers had a larger cerebellum and a higher density of Nissl bodies than hoopoe;(2)Nissl apoptosis appeared in the brain samples after the forehead and the occiput impact experiments,but no obvious Nissl body apoptosis was observed after impact on the tempus and the beak;(3)β-amyloid protein accumulated in the normal status woodpecker *** study reveals that:woodpecker brain morphology is well-adapted to impact,woodpecker heads display location-dependent protective performance,with beak and tempus regions having a better protective performance than the forehead and occiput,Nissl apoptosis appears in injured woodpecker brains,and that the accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein does not show a direct relationship with the injury state of woodpecker’s brain tissue in our study.

关键词： woodpecker biomechanics impact experiments impact resistance biological analysis

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Coulometric sizing of nanoparticles： Cathodic and anodic impact experiments open two independent routes to electrochemical sizing of Fez04 nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2013年第11期6卷 836-841页

作者： Kristina Tschulik Baptiste Haddou Dario Omanovi Neil V. Rees Richard G. Compton Department of Chemistry Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OXI 3QZUnited Kingdom Center for Marine and Environmental Research Ruder Boskovic Institute P. O. Box 180 I0001 Zagreb Croatia

Anodic particle coulometry （APC） is a recently established method of sizing individual metal nanoparticles by oxidising them during their impact on a micro electrode. Here it is demonstrated that the application of APC can be extended to sizing of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe304 magnetite nanoparticles. Additionally, a new route to electrochemical nanoparticle sizing is introduced-- cathodic particle coulometry （CPC）. This method uses the reduction of impacting nanoparticles, e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles, and is demonstrated to yield correct size information for Fe304 nanoparticles. The combination of these two independent electrochemical methods of nanoparticle sizing, allows for purely electrochemical sizing of single nanoparticles and simultaneous verification of the obtained results.

关键词： nanoparticle sizing Fe3O4 anodic particle coulometry cathodic particle coulometry impact experiments metal oxide nanoparticles

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Initial Conditions of impact Dynamics

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2010年第3期15卷 368-371页

作者：董富祥洪嘉振朱焜余征跃 Department of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiaotong University

The effects of the initial conditions of impact dynamics equations are investigated numerically and *** inadequacies of previous studies on initial conditions are pointed *** a coefficient of velocity jump at the moment of impact is introduced,and the experiments for the mental rods are implemented to validate the appending constraints modeling methods for impact *** comparisons between the experimental and simulated results at different coefficients are used to study the effects of the velocity jump conditions to the numerical *** results indicate that the physical velocity response of bodies during impact is smooth;the different values of velocity jump only have small effects on numerical oscillation of velocity response,and they have no effects on the time history of impact force.

关键词： impact dynamics velocity jump impact experiments numerical simulation

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