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The influence of innate and adaptative immune responses on the differential clinical outcomes of leprosy

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 34-41页

作者： Adriana Barbosa de Lima Fonseca Marise do Vale Simon Rodrigo Anselmo Cazzaniga Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura Roque Pacheco de Almeida Malcolm S.Duthie Steven G.Reed Amelia Ribeiro de Jesus Department of Medicine Molecular Biology LaboratoryUniversity HospitalUniversidade Federal de SergipeSao CristovaoSergipeBrazil Infectious Disease Research Institute SeattleUSA Instituto de Investigacao em Imunologia Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e TecnologiaCNPqSao PauloSPBrazil.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium *** to official reports from 121 countries across five WHO regions,there were 213899 newly diagnosed cases in *** leprosy affects the skin and peripheral nerves,it can present across a spectrum of clinical and histopathological forms that are strongly influenced by the immune response of the infected *** forms comprise the extremes of tuberculoid leprosy(TT),with a ***-specific Th1,but also a Th17,response that limits *** multiplication,through to lepromatous leprosy(LL),with ***-specific Th2 and T regulatory responses that do not control *** replication but rather allow bacterial *** interpolar borderline clinical forms present with similar,but less extreme,immune *** inflammatory episodes,known as leprosy reactions,are complications that may occur before,during or after treatment,and cause further neurological damages that can cause irreversible chronic *** review discusses the innate and adaptive immune responses,and their interactions,that are known to affect pathogenesis and influence the clinical outcome of leprosy.

关键词： Leprosy Clinical presentation Immunology Innate immunity immune pathogenesis

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Vanishing cerebral vasculitis in a patient with Lewy pathology

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第6期31卷 559-562页

作者： Natalia Liapounova Kamran H.Azar J.Max Findlay Jian-Qiang Lu Division of Pediatric Neurology University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Pathology The North East Health Services Delivery AreaFort St.JohnBritish ColumbiaCanada Division of Neurosurgery University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Neuropathology Section Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of both cerebral vasculitis and Parkinson’s disease（PD, brainstem-predominant Lewy pathology）, but the presentation of cerebral vasculitis with comorbid Lewy pathology has not yet been reported. Here we present a case of pathologically confirmed vasculitis in a 73-year-old male patient whose postmortem examination revealed Lewy pathology diagnostic of PD. This case study suggests a comorbidity of cerebral vasculitis and Lewy pathology, as well as potential pathogenic interactions between these two disorders with immune-mediated mechanisms.

关键词： vasculitis cerebrovascular disease Parkinson’s disease Lewy pathology synucleinopathy immune pathogenesis

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CD4^+ T cell-mediated presentation of non-infectious HIV-1 virion antigens to HIV-specific CD8^+ T cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第19期119卷 1629-1638页

作者： XU Jian-qing Franco Lori Julianna Lisziewicz State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy Washington DC 20007 USA

Background The mechanism of chronic immune activation and impairment of HIV-specific immune responses during chronic infection is not fully understood. However, it is known that high immune activation leads to more rapid progression to AIDS. We hypothesize that CD4^＋ T cell-mediated viral antigen presentation contributes to this pathologic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Methods HIV-specific T cells, responding to noninfectious HIV-1 virions as antigen, were measured by flow cytometric assays. These experimental conditions reflect the in vivo condition where noninfectious HIV-1 represents more than 99% of the antigens. Results CD4^＋ T cells purified from HIV-infected individuals were capable of cross presenting exogenous noninfectious HIV-1 virions to HIV-1-specific CD8^＋ T cells. Cross presentation required the entry of HIV-1 to CD4^＋ T cells and antigen translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Blocking CD4^＋ mediated activation of HIV-specific CD8^＋ T cells and redirecting the viral antigens to antigen presenting cells improved HIV-specific T cell responses. Contusions One possible cause of chronic immune activation and impairment of HIV-1 specific T cell responses is represented by HIV-1 harboring CD4^＋ T cells cross presenting HIV-1 antigen to activate CD8^＋ T cells. This new mechanism provides the first evidence that cross presentation of noninfectious HIV-1 virions play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.

关键词： HIV antigen presenting CD4^+ T cell CD8+ T cell immune pathogenesis

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