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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 289-297页

作者： Samer Azzam Fan Yang Jin-Cai Wu Jin Geng Guo-Qing Yang School of Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu Province China

The widespread use ofimidacloprid against insect pests has not only increased the rate of the development of target pest resistance but has also resulted in various negative effects on rice plants and Nilaparvata lugens resurgence. However, the effect of imidacloprid on elements in rice plants and the transference of these element changes between rice and N. lugens are currently poorly understood. The present study investigated changes ofCu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, K, Mg and Na contents in rice plants following imidacloprid foliar sprays in the adult female ofN./ugens that develops from nymphs that feed on treated plants and honeydew produced by females. The results indicated that imidacloprid foliar spray significantly increased Fe and K contents in leaf sheaths. Generally, Fe, Mn, K and Na contents in leaf blades were noticeably decreased, but Ca contents in leaf blades for ! 0 and 30 mg/kg imidacloprid treatments were significantly increased. The contents of most elements except K and Mg in the adult females and honeydew were significantly elevated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Fe, Mn and Na in leaf blades and Fe and Mn in leaf sheaths could be proportionally transferred to N. lugens. The relationship between most elements in adult female bodies and in the honeydew showed a positive correlation coefficient. There were significant differences in the contents of some elements in rice plants and N. lugens from different regions.

关键词： elements imidacloprid Nilaparvata lugens rice plant transference effect

Photochemistry of insecticide imidacloprid: direct and sensitized photolysis in aqueous medium

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 539-542页

作者： ZHENGWei LIUWei-ping WENYue-zhong Sang-jinLee InstituteofEnvironmentalScience ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences UniversityofCaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA LouisianaWaterResourcesResearchInstitute LouisianaStateUniversityBatonRougeLA70803USA

The direct and sensitized photodegradations of imidacloprid, 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, were investigated in aqueous solution and with and without various photo-sensitizers. Results of the study revealed that the intensity of lamp-house and irradiation wavelength had significant effects on the photolysis of imidacloprid. Complete degradation of 20 mg/L imidacloprid in aqueous phase was observed in 40 min under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation system, suggesting the ultraviolet ray played significant role in direct photolysis of imidacloprid. The additions of various photo-sensitizers lead to improve the degradation efficiency of imidacloprid under the irradiation of black light fluorescent lamp. TiO 2 was the most efficient in the photo-catalytic degradation of imidacloprid among other photo-sensitizers in used this study. However, addition of acetone inhibited the photolysis of imidacloprid under the irradiation of UV, indicating the occurrence of competition between acetone and imidacloprid for photos. Mineralization of the imidacloprid was examined to clarify the final photochemical degradation products of the insecticide which were CO 2, Cl- and NO- 3. Complete photo-oxidation of nitrogen to NO- 3 occurred very slowly via the intermediate formation of NH+ 4 and NO- 2.

关键词： imidacloprid photolysis photo-sensitizers photo-oxidation mineralization

Sublethal effects of imidacloprid and pymetrozine on population growth parameters of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae on rapeseed, Brassica napus L.

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 207-212页

作者： MOHAMMAD REZA LASHKARI AHAD SAHRAGARD MOHAMMAD GHADAMYARI Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture Guilan University Rasht Iran

Efficiency of imidacloprid and pymetrozine on population growth parameters of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. （Homoptera： Aphididae） was determined using demographic toxicology by leaf dip method. At first, bioassay tests were performed. The LC50 value and confidence limit for imidacloprid and pymetrozine were 1.61 × 10^-5 mol/L （0.74 × 10^-5-2.66 × 10^-5） and 2.14 × 10^-4 mol/L （1.24 × 10^-4-3.40 × 10^-4）, respectively. To evaluate the sublethal effect of two insecticides on population growth parameters of cabbage aphid, LC30 concentrations of imidacloprid and pymetrozine were used at 5 mol/L and 30 mol/L. The experiments were carried out in a incubator at 20±1℃, 60% ± 5% RH and 16：8 （L：D） photoperiod on canola seedlings, Brassica napus L. var. ＇PF＇. Net fecundity rate decreased in both insecticide-treated populations. Intrinsic rates of increase （rm） were lower in imidacloprid and pymetrozine treatments than in controls. Intrinsic birth rates also decreased in treated populations. There was a relative increase in intrinsic death rates of treated populations. The mean generation times and doubling time were also lower in populations treated with insecticides than in controls. There was a considerable reduction in the average numbers of nymphs reproduced per female as compared with the control. The average longevity of female adults in the control was significantly different from those treated with imidacloprid and pymetrozine. However, there was no significant differences in aphid life-table parameters between the two insecticide-treated populations （P 〉 0.01）.

关键词： Brevicoryne brassicae canola imidacloprid life table pymetrozine

imidacloprid in processed tea and tea liquor

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第8期7卷 619-622页

作者： SANYAL N. HAZRA D. PAL R. SOMCHAUDHURY A.K. CHOWDHURY A. Department of Agricultural Chemicals Bidhan Chandra Krishi ViswavidyalayaMohanpur 741 252 India Department of Agricultural Chemicals Bidhan Chandra Krishi ViswavidyalayaMohanpur 741 252India Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management Salt Lake CityKolkata 700 098India Department of Entomology Bidhan Chandra Krishi ViswavidyalayaMohanpur 741 252 India Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta University Kolkata 700 019India

imidacloprid is a newly introduced broad-spectrum chloronicotinyl insecticide and will find its way in agricultural production, particularly in Asia. However, information on the fate of imidacloprid in crop plants is lacking. The degradation of imidaclopnd in processed CTC tea and tea liquor was investigated in the present study in which imidacloprid was applied at recommended application rate （30.0 g a.i./ha） and twice the recommended application rate （60.0 g a.i./ha） for three consecutive seasons. imidacloprid was rapidly dissipated in processed tea following first order reaction kinetics at all application rates and had half-lives of 0.9 1-1.16 d with the residue in tea liquor found to be below detectable limit on 3rd day samples. The study revealed that imidacloprid is safe for human consumption and will not pose any residual toxicity problem.

关键词： imidacloprid Processed tea Tea liquor Residue Dissipation

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid by composite catalysts H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/La-TiO_2

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第1期31卷 44-48页

作者：冯长根徐刚刘霞 State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology College of Science China Agricultural University

A series of La-doped TiO2 with different mass fractions were prepared by sol-gel method. Composite catalysts H3PW12O40/La-TiO2 with different loading levels were synthesized using impregnation method. The prepared samples were charac- terized by foutler transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, UV vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （DRS） and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The Keggin structure of H3PWI2040 （HPW） re- mained intact on the surface of the composites, they had relatively uniform spherical grains of diameter less than 20 nm. The visible light activity of prepared composites were improved by loading HPW and doping La. The prepared composites were used as photo- catalysts in degradation of pesticide imidacloprid. Results revealed that 20%H3PWL204o/0.3%La-TiO2 possessed the best photocata- lyric activity. Thus, the degradation conversion of imidacloprid reached 98.17% after 60 rain irradiation when 20%H3PW12O4/0.3% La-TiO2 was used as catalysts. The degradation of imidacloprid corresponded with first-order kinetic reaction, and the half life of the degradation of imidacloprid was 9.35 min in the optimal conditions.

关键词： photocatalytic composite catalysts rare earths imidacloprid

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第12期19卷 3045-3053页

作者： YUAN Wan-ling XU Bo RAN Gang-chao CHEN Hui-ping ZHAO Peng-yue HUANG Qi-liang Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Controlled Pesticide and Fertilizer Release Henan Haonianjing Biological Development Co.Zhengzhou 450040P.R.China

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.

关键词： controlled-release granule imidacloprid dose distribution control effect wheat

Wolbachia enhances expression of NICYP4CE1 in Nilaparvata lugens in response to imidacloprid stress

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 355-362页

作者： Tingwei Cai Yunhua Zhang Yu Liu Xiaoqian Deng Shun He Jianhong Li Hu Wan Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina

The brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens,is one of the main insect pests of *** *** gene NICYP4CE1 encodes cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450),which is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the insecticide *** research has suggested that the expression of NICYP4CEI is induced by imidacloprid stress,but the effect of bacterial symbionts on its expression has not been *** results of this study show that exposure to subtoxic imidacloprid changed the structure of the bacterial symbiont community in ***,the total bacterial content increased but the bacterial species diversity significantly *** accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in ***;its abundance significantly increased after subtoxic imidacloprid *** transcript level of NICYP4CEI was significantly increased by imidacloprid,but this effect was significantly weakened after Wolbachia was cleared with *** result suggests that Wolbachia enhances the expression of N1CYP4CE1 to promote the detoxification metabolic response to imidacloprid *** the effect of bacterial symbionts on gene expression in the host provides a new perspective on interactions between insecticides and their target insect pests,and highlights that subtoxic imidacloprid exposure may raise the risk of insecticide resistance by altering the structure of bacterial symbiont communities.

关键词： host-microbe interaction imidacloprid NICYP4CE1 P450 Wolbachia

Effects of imidacloprid and Varroa destructor on survival and health of European honey bees, Apis mellifera

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 467-477页

作者： Pendo M. Abbo Joshua K. Kawasaki Michele Hamilton Steven C. Cook Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman Wen Feng Li Jie Liu Yan Ping Chen Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York New York Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology Brigham Young University Provo Utah USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory Beltsville Maryland USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center Tucson Arizona USA College of Bee Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China

There has been growing concern over declines in populations of honey bees and other pollinators which are a vital part to our food security. It is imperative to identify factors responsible for accelerated declines in bee populations and develop solutions for reversing bee losses. While exact causes of colony losses remain elusive, risk factors thought to play key roles are ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor and neonicotinoid pesticides. The present study aims to investigate effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid and Varroa mites individually on survivorship, growth, physiology, virus dynamics and immunity of honey bee workers. Our study provides clear evidence that the exposure to sublethal doses of imidacloprid could exert a significantly negative effect on health and survival of honey bees. We observed a significant reduction in the titer ofvitellogenin （Vg）, an egg yolk precursor that regulates the honey bees development and behavior and often are linked to energy homeostasis, in bees exposed to lmidacloprid. This result indicates that sublethal exposure to neonicotinoid could lead to increased energy usage in honey bees as detoxification is a energy-consuming metabolic process and suggests that Vg could be a useful biomarker for measuring levels of energy stress and sublethal effects of pesticides on honey bees. Measurement of the quantitative effects of different levels of Varroa mite infestation on the replication dynamic of Deformed wing virus （DWV）, an RNA virus associated with Varroa infestation, and expression level of immune genes yields unique insights into how honey bees respond to stressors under laboratory conditions.

关键词： Deformed wing virus honey bees imidacloprid innate immunity Varroa

Potential of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the oxadiazine indoxacarb for controlling five coleopteran pests of stored grain

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 96-101页

作者： Gregory J. Daglish Manoj K. Nayak Agri-Science Queensland Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Brisbane Queensland Australia

The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E）（the lesser grain borer）, Sitophilus oryzae （L.）（the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）（the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.）（the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens）（the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. imidacloprid had no effect on S. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .

关键词： beetles imidacloprid indoxacarb stored grain

Evidence of active oviposition avoidance to systemically applied imidacloprid in the Colorado potato beetle

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Insect Science 2024年第5期31卷 1543-1554页

作者： Alitha Edison Anja Michelbach Dominique Sowade Hanna Kertzel Luise Schmidt Martin Schafer Maximilian Hackhausen Raif Nauen Pablo Duchen Shuqing Xu Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of MunsterHufferstraBe 1Munster48149Germany Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution(iomE) University of MainzHanns-Dieter-Husch-Weg 15Mainz55128Germany Current address:Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics MunsterGermany Crop Science Division Research and Development DepartmentBayer AGMonheimGermany

Agricultural pests can develop behavioral resistance to insecticides by choosing to feed or oviposit on insecticide-free *** young larvae have relatively low mobility,oviposition preferences from female adults may play a critical role in shaping the evolu-tionary trajectory of pest *** oviposition avoidance of insecticide-treated hosts was found in different agriculture pests,it remains unclear whether female adults actively choose to occupy insecticide-free *** address this question,we investigated feeding and oviposition preferences between imidacloprid-treated and imidacloprid-free plants in the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say,a major potato *** performed behavioral choice assays on two strains that differed in both fecundity and insecticide *** found that one strain preferred to feed on the insecticide-free plants and that this preference is not ***,the other strain chose plants for feeding and oviposition *** analyses of the moving patterns of the beetles suggested that the oviposition preference in the first strain is likely due to active learning.

关键词： Colorado potato beetle host preferences imidacloprid insecticide resis-tance oviposition pesticide avoidance