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The ichnofacies and ichnoassemblages in terrestrial deposits of China

Journal of Palaeogeography 2014年第1期3卷 61-73页

作者： Bin Hu Yuan-Yuan Wang Hui-Bo Song Institute of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces and Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Province

Over the last 30 years,terrestrial ichnofossil research was mostly focused on three ichnofacies:the Scoyenia ichnofacies,characterizing transitional fluvio-lacustrine environments,the Mermia ichnofacies,characterizing fully lacustrine settings,and the Termitichnus ichnofacies,characterizing terrestrial environments,especially,paleosol *** in China,many terrestrial ichnofossils,including at least 24 ichnogenera from fluvial deposits and 59 ichnogenera from lacustrine deposits,have been found in Mesozoic and Cenozoic *** of them belong to the common elements of the three ichnofacies and consist of feeding,grazing,crawling,dwelling,and resting traces and *** on the composition,occurrence and distribution characteristics of trace fossils from terrestrial sedimentary basins of China,36 ichnoassemblages have been ***,the most common 12 ichnoassemblages,in which six are found in fluvial sedimentary environments from the Upper Cretaceous of the Sichuan Basin in western China and Xixia Basin in western Henan Province,include:(1)Scoyenia-Rusophycus ichnoassemblage generated in the floodplain along channels and the shallow water swales or lakes(such as oxbow lakes);(2)Skolithos-Arenicolites ichnoassemblage produced in the high energy sandy bar(heart bar or point bar)of the channel environment;(3)Gastruichnus-Palaeophycus ichnoassemblage developed in the channel-levee environment;(4)Beaconites-Taenidium ichnoassemblage occurring in the embankment(crevasse splay)sedimentary environment;(5)Beaconites-Rhizolithos ichnoassemblage appearing in the floodplain sedimentary environment,and(6)Beaconites-Scoyenia ichnoassemblage distributed in the periodically exposed overbank lake(extremely shallow lacustrine)sedimentary *** other six ichnoassemblages are found in lacustrine sedimentary environments:(1)Scoyenia-Skolithos ichnoassemblage always developed in periodically exposed,extremely shallow lakeshore and interdistributary

关键词： ichnofacies ichnoassemblage terrestrial deposit Mesozoic Cenozoic

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Depositional Controls on the Ichnology of Ordovician Wave-dominated Marine Facies：New Evidence from the Shirgesht Formation,Central Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第5期90卷 1572-1597页

作者： Aram BAYET-GOLL Paul M.MYROW Guillermo F.ACENOLAZA Reza MOUSSAVI-HARAMI Asadollah MAHBOUBI Department of Earth Sciences Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) P.O. Box 45195 -1159 Zanjan Iran Department of Geology Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University ofMashhad Iran Department of Geology The Colorado College 14 E. Cache La Poudre Colorado Springs Colorado 80903 U.S.A. INSUGEO (Instituto Superior de Correlacidn Geologica) CONICET- National University of Tucuman Argentina

The Lower Ordovician Shirgesht Formation in central Iran is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in diverse coastal and marine shelfal environments（tidal flat,lagoon,shoreface,offshore-shelf and carbonate ramp）.Five facies associations contain diverse ichnofossil assemblages that show distinct proximal to distal trends formed in a wide range of physical-chemical *** ethological groups of trace fossils in the Shirgesht Formation reflect a gradient of depositional stress conditions across a wave-influenced shoreline and *** of waveinfluenced environments make up a significant component of the geological record of shallow marine settings,and the ability to determine paleoenvironments in detail in such successions is critical for reconstruction of depositional histories and sequence-stratigraphic *** Cruziana ichnofacies of the study shows highly diverse suites that record the establishment of a benthic community under stable conditions and a long-term colonization *** Skolithos ichnofacies recognized is a low diversity opportunistic ichnocommunity suite that resulted from colonization after tempestite deposition in a stressed *** strata record an onshore to offshore replacement of the Cruziana ichnofacies（with abundant feeding traces of deposit-feeders） by the Skolithos ichnofacies（dominated by suspension-feeders and predators）.A transitional zone between the two ichnofacies coincides with the offshore-transition/distal lower-surface *** distribution of ichnofacies,the diversity and range of ethological characteristics reflected by the ichnogenera,and the wide range of wave-dominated coastal facies demonstrate the potential to use individual trace fossils and ichnofacies for significantly refined palaeoenvironmental analysis of wavedominated coastal settings,particularly in Ordovician successions.

关键词： Shirgesht Formation Ordovician facies associations sedimentology iconology ichnofacies

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Devonian ichnofossils and their environmental significance of northern belt of Western Qinling Mountains

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第1期38卷 85-96页

作者：李育慈晋慧娟 Lanzhou Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

It is beheved that the Shujiaba Formation belongs to a series of thick turbidites. 20 ichnogenera have been found in the formation, of which 14 genera were found in the Devonian System of China for the first time The ichnogenera are mostly of typical deep-water ones and belong to the Nereites ichnofacies A detailed study of morphology and behaviour of the trace fossils indicates that the Shujiaba Formation was deposited in a bathyal-abyssal environment.

关键词： Nereites ichnofacies terrigenous clastic turbidite series bathyal-abyssal sedimentary environment. Devonian Shujiaba Formation northern belt of Western Qinling Mountains.

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Significance of ichnofossils to genetic stratigraphy——Examples from the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第5期43卷 541-560页

作者： S.George Pemberton James A.MacEachern Murray K.Gingras 张建平 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanadaT6G 2E3 Earth Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5A 1S6 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanadaT6G 2E3 Department of GeologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Correspondence should be addressed to zhang Jianping

Trace fossils represent both sedimentological and paleontological entities, representing a unique blending of potential environmental indicators in the rock record. Trace fossils and trace fossil suites can be employed effectively to aid in the recognition of various discontinuity types and to assist in their genetic interpretation. Ichnology may be employed to resolve surfaces of strati-graphic significance in two main ways: 1) through the identification of discontinuities using substrate-controlled ichnofacies, and 2) through careful analysis of vertical softground (penecontem-poraneous) ichnologic successions (analogous to facies successions). Ichnological analysis is a valuable tool in genetic stratigraphic studies. Integrating the data derived from substrate-controlled ichnofacies with paleoecological data from vertical ichnologic successions greatly enhances the recognition and interpretation of a wide variety of stratigraphic surfaces. When this is coupled with conventional facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy, a powerful approach to the interpretation of the rock record is generated.

关键词： trace fossils Glossifungites ichnofacies genetic stratigraphy sequence boundaries Western Canada sedimentary Basin Cretaceous.

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Cambrian Stratigraphy and Faunal Elements Along the Kurgiakh-Surichun La Section(Kurgiakh Valley),Zanskar-Spiti Basin of Northwest Himalaya

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 265-266页

作者： Birendra P.Singh H.No.37 Hari Vihar(Vijay Park)

The Cambrian rocks are well exposed along the Kurgiakh-Surichun La section,situated 78 km SE of the Padam Village along a track route at 33°03′787″N and 77°013′647″E in between the Kurgiakh and Surichun La,in Kurgiakh Valley(southeastern Zanskar).Around 715 m thick Cambrian succession was measured along the right and left banks of

关键词： Cambrian ichnofossils trilobites Kurgiakh-Surichun La Lejopyge laeivigata Cruziana-Skolithos ichnofacies

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Continental Trace Fossils in the Semnan Area (Northern Iran)

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Open Journal of Geology 2013年第2期3卷 54-61页

作者： Mousa Bagheri Sadat Feiznia Mehran Arian Rahim Shabanian Rahim Mahari Geology Department Faculty of Science Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

Continental ichnology has been taking an ever increasing importance in stratigraphy. In this paper, Continental Trace Fossils in Semnan area have been studied. Semnan Province is one of the 31 provinces which is located in the north of Iran. In the East of Semnan City, Quaternary deposits occupy about 93% of the surface area, of which the Alluvial represents one of the most important geomorphological features in the area. Nevertheless, the outspread ichnological studies in Semnan City have received lesser attention in Continental Trace Fossils. Based on the systematic ichnology, 6 trace fossils are distinguished, namely Celliforma isp, Coprinisphaera isp, Palaeophycus tubularis, planolithes isp, Tombownichnus plenus, and Skolithos isp. The existence of Rhizoliths along with the tetrapod footprints and the survey of lithofacies all indicate that the trace fossils are related to Coprinisphaera ichnofacies. Based on ichnological and sedimentary facies analysis, the Continental Trace Fossils, in the study area, are located in the flood plain, point bar, and playa environment.

关键词： Continental Ichnology Coprinisphaera ichnofacies Quaternary Trace Fossils Semnan

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