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Molecular-scale processes affecting growth rates of ice at moderate supercooling

Frontiers of physics 2018年第5期13卷 109-118页

作者： Rui Wang Li-Mei Xu Feng Wang International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics Peking University No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Beijing 100871 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

The growth kinetics of ice are modeled using the Water Potential from Adaptive Force Matching for ice and Liquid （WAIL） potential with molecular dynamics. The all-atom WAIL model provides a good description of the properties of both ice and liquid with an equilibrium temperature of 270 K at 1 bar. The growth kinetics captured by this model can thus reflect those of real ice. Our simulation indicates that the growth rate of ice on the basal plane is fastest at approximately 20 K supercooling, consistent with experimental findings, where the growth rate increases monotonically as the supercooling increases to 18 K. The key factors that control the growth kinetics leading to the optimal growth temperature are investigated. The simulation revealed a bilayer-by-bilayer growth mechanism on the basal plane that proceeds in two steps. Whereas water molecules lose translational motion and become ice-like quickly, the establishment of orientational order to form ice is a slow and activated process. Enhanced by the templating effect of sublayers, the rapid reduction in translational motion in the formation of the prefreezing layer might explain the significantly faster growth rate relative to the nucleation rate of water. Whereas remelting of the prefreezing layer is observed at low supercooling and may be responsible for the lower growth rate close to the melting temperature, the slow orientational ordering of the prefreezing layer into the final ice conformation is partly responsible for the reduced growth rate at deeper supercooling.

关键词： ice growth interface water dynamics of crystallization

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Model simulations of the annual cycle of the landfast ice thickness in the East Siberian Sea

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第2期26卷 168-178页

作者： YANG Yu Matti Leppranta LI Zhijun Bin Cheng ZHAI Mengxi Denis Demchev Department of Basic Sciences Shenyang Institute of Engineering Department of Physics University of Helsinki State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Finnish Meteorological Institute Beijing Normal University Nansen International Environmental Remote Sensing Centre (NIERSC)

The annual cycle of the thickness and temperature of landfast sea ice in the East Siberian Sea has been examined using a one-dimensional thermodynamic model. The model was calibrated for the year August 2012-July 2013, forced using the data of the Russian weather station Kotel＇ny Island and ECMWF reanalyses. Thermal growth and decay of ice were reproduced well, and the maximum annual ice thickness and breakup day became 1.64 m and the end of July. Oceanic heat flux was 2 W.m^-2 in winter and raised to 25 W.m^-2 in summer, albedo was 0.3-0.8 depending on the surface type （snow/ice and wet/dry）. The model outcome showed sensitivity to the albedo, air temperature and oceanic heat flux. The modelled snow cover was less than 10 cm having a small influence on the ice thickness. In situ sea ice thickness in the East Siberian Sea is rarely available in publications. This study provides a method for quantitative ice thickness estimation by modelling. The result can be used as a proxy to understand the sea ice conditions on the Eurasian Arctic coast, which is important for shipping and high-resolution Arctic climate modelling.

关键词： landfast sea ice New Siberian Islands ice growth ice decay oceanic heat flux snow albedo

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