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Study of the Nutritional Value and hygienic Quality of Local Infant Flours from Chad, with the Aim of Their Use for Improved Infant Flours Preparation

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 59-68页

作者： Barnabas Kayalto Cheikna Zongo Raketa W. Compaore Aly Savadogo Brahim B. Otchom Alfred S. Traore Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Research Center in Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN) Unit of Formation and Research in Life and ground Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Research Center in Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN) Unit of Formation and Research in Life and ground Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences (FSEA) University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad.

This study aims to develop infant flours fortified with iron and vitamin A, taken from local products such as powder from dried Moringa oleifera leaves and pulps of Parkia biglobosa to improve the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 24 months. Chemical analyses show that, for 100 g of local flours destined for children, there are adequate protein levels (between 7.00 ± 0.44 and 12.69 ± 0.44 g) and fat content (between 7.52 ± 0.35 and 16.26 ± 0.84 g), but that there are low levels of b-carotene and certain micronutrients Zn (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Fe (7.11 ± 0.90 to 12.70 ± 0.56 mg), Ca (0.67 ± 0.01 to 2.51 ± 0.19 mg), Mg (6.79 ± 0.19 to 24.99 ± 1.75 mg). Analyses of minerals and vitamins showed that Moringa oleifera leaf-powder (per 100 g) is rich in calcium (1443.90 ± 11.03 mg), magnesium (176.72 ± 0.73 mg), iron (53.75 ± 5.07 mg), zinc (17.58 ± 0.89 mg) and b-carotene (624.40 ± 0.41 μg ER). 100 g of Parkia biglobosa’s pulps is rich in magnesium (73.00 ± 1.14 mg), iron (14.82 ± 2.49 mg), zinc (7.79 ± 0.44 mg) and vitamin C (75.29 ± 0.00 mg). In conclusion, we believe that these two ingredients can be effectively used to fortify local infant flours in vitamin A and iron and contribute to eradicating malnutrition due to micronutrients deficiencies.

关键词： Childhood Flours Nutritional Value hygienic Quality Fortification Chad

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Handling and hygienic Production Practices of Goat Milk in Degahbur District of Jarar Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 524-536页

作者： Abdi Ahmed Tadele Amentie Kawnin Abdimahad Mohamud Mohamed Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Dry Land Agriculture Jigjiga University Jigjiga Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess handling and hygienic production practices of goat milk in Degahbur district of Jarar zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 120 households were purposively selected for this study using a stratified sampling technique. The data were collected through the questionnaire, field observations, key informants interview and focus group discussions. The study showed that majority of the sampled households were illiterate. The goats were kept in an open kraal made of thorny acacia trees on an earthen floor that had no roof. The goats were milked inside these open kraals, and were sometimes contaminated with muck and animal dung mainly the rainy season which could raise the possibility of milk contamination & spoilage. Moreover, traditional hand milking was the only milking method and majority of the respondents didn’t wash their hands and the udder of the animal before milking, indicating low community awareness and knowledge of sanitary milk production procedures. Plastic equipment which is difficult to clean and can increase milk contamination and spoilage was used. About 43.3% of the pastoralists and 76.67% of the agro-pastoralists were cleaning milk vessels regularly. The most often used plant species for smoking milk handling equipment in the study area to extend shelf life and add flavor & aroma were Acacia ethaica, Blanites galabra, and Solanum Carense. The main constraints to hygienic goat milk in the area were identified to be poor barn hygiene, poor production procedures, disease, source of washing water and lack of extension services. In general, it can be concluded that handling and hygienic production practices of goat milk used in the study area were unsanitary, which may have been primarily caused by the community’s lack of awareness & understanding as well as a lack of supporting infrastructures. Therefore, the concerned bodies should place a high priority on the improvement of hygienic practices b

关键词： Goat Milk Handling hygienic Production

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Modelling Absorption Capacity Performance of hygienic Product

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 169-173页

作者： Soumaya Sayeb Mohamed Ben Hassen Faouzi Sakli Textile Engineering Laboratory Monastir University Monastir Tunisia

The performance prediction of hygienic products can be a major advantage for manufacturers. Among the interesting performances to be expected, we find the absorption capacity. This is a parameter governed by the composition of the absorbent core, particularly the fibrous component and the characteristics of the superabsorbent polymer (SAP). Thus, various theoretical models have been established to predict the absorption capacity. All these models have taken into account the nature of the fibrous support and the ratio of superabsorbent polymer. Certainly, other factors, less obvious in their modelling, are involved in determining the performance such as the homogeneity of the mixture formed by the fluff and SAP, the distribution of polymer particles in the entire structure, the porous structure, the shape of the capillary, the nature of the nonwoven webs used, etc. Various theoretical models are proposed here to describe the absorption capacity and we will outline the model which best describes this performance. The experimental test results are discussed to verify if the theoretical model selected can be confirmed.

关键词： Model Absorption Capacity hygienic Product Superabsorbent

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A research on the composing of sub-health people’s hygienic gymnastics

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International Journal of Technology Management 2016年第6期 63-65页

作者： Jiao Lizhi Sports College Hulun Buir College Inner Mongolia 021008

according to statistics, 70 percent of Chinese people are in sub-health, so the health care for them should be payed more attention. In recent years, researches on sub-health people has increased and the classifi cation, diagnose for sub-health people’s current situation has entered an area of researching. Among them, the research of sub-health people’s infl uence on society stands out, because the occupational group is tightly related to the promotion of social economic development and stability. hygienic gymnastics will help to improve sub-health situation and it still need to conduct relatively composing and completing. In this paper, questionnaire method and literature method are used to carry out investigation and analysis on sub-health people and therefore, the hygienic gymnastics for sub-health improving is composed and summarized.

关键词： sub-health hygienic gymnastics composing thinking method

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Enhancing the hygienic Quality of Some Ghanaian Food Products by Gamma Irradiation

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 219-223页

作者： Abraham Adu-Gyamfi Victoria Appiah Department of Food Science and Radiation Processing Biotechnology & Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra Ghana.

The microbiological quality (microbial load and profile) of 6 Ghanaian food products was determined before and after irradiation (0 kGy, 5 kGy, 7.5 kGy, 10 kGy) using standard microbiological methods. The microbial load was estimated by the total viable count (TVC) and moulds and yeasts count (MYC). The range of TVC and MYC of the un-irradiated products were 103 cfu/g - 106 cfu/g and 0 cfu/g - 106 cfu/g respectively. Un-irradiated Banku Mix Powder, Fermented Maize Powder and Cassava Dough Powder had relatively low microbial load (TVC ? 6.1 × 103 cfu/g;MYC ? 4.9 × 102 cfu/g). Un-irradiated Fermented Maize Dough, Kokonte Powder and Cassava Dough had relatively high TVC of >106 cfu/g. Eleven and 3 microbial isolates were detected in the un-irradiated and irradiated products respectively and the most common were Aspergillus niger and Bacillus spp. Irradiation dose of 10 kGy eliminated all microorganisms from the products. Doses of 5 and 7.5 kGy reduced the microbial loads of the products by approximately 1 to 6 log cycles to meet national and international standards. The use of low dose gamma radiation by the local food industry could improve the hygienic quality, extend shelf-life and enhance the competitiveness of the Ghanaian food products in domestic and export markets.

关键词： hygienic Quality Gamma Irradiation Ghanaian Food Products

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hygienic Chain（The Loop）-提供高纯净的透析治疗

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常规医疗装备 2004年第1期3卷 24-24页

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原料植物油卫生标准

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旅行医学科学 1995年第3期1卷 137-141页

作者： Chen Xiaofeng Yu Yimin Li Xianhua et. al. National Center of Import Food Hygiene Supervision & Inspection, Guangzhou, P.R. China

本标准目前国内尚无统一标准。本标准是根据实测数据,并参考食用植物油的卫生标准,由全国原料植物油卫生标准研究协作组承担制定。本标准由中华人民共和国卫生部监督司提出。本标准由中华人民共和国卫生检疫局、中华人民共和国进口食品... 详细信息

本标准目前国内尚无统一标准。本标准是根据实测数据,并参考食用植物油的卫生标准,由全国原料植物油卫生标准研究协作组承担制定。本标准由中华人民共和国卫生部监督司提出。本标准由中华人民共和国卫生检疫局、中华人民共和国进口食品卫生监督检验中心负责起草。

关键词： acid value peroxide value solvent residue As crude vegetable oil national hygienic standard

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Quality of Human Urine Used as Fertilizer: Case of an Ecological Sanitation System in Ouagadougou Peri-Urban Areas-Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第6期5卷 467-474页

作者： Joseph M. Makaya Aly Savadogo Marius K. Somda Jean-Baptiste Bour Nicolas Barro Alfred S. Traoré Laboratory of Virology National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses University Hospital of Dijon Dijon France Research Center for Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.

The use in agriculture of excreta from urine-diversion toilets can be an alternative solution to the lack of sanitation and high costs of mineral fertilizers inherent to developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic quality of urine used as fertilizer through an ecological sanitation system in Ouagadougou peri-urban areas. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed in urine samples taken before and after thirty (30) days of storage in jerry cans exposed to sunlight. The concentrations of 7.0 g/l;3.5 and 9.6 g/l of ammonia nitrogen for mean, minimum and maximum respectively, are obtained in unstored urine samples. These concentrations did not practically vary with the storage. On average, values of other chemical parameters analyzed in stored urine were as follows: pH, 8.8;phosphorus (P), 0.3 g/l;potassium (K), 1.9 g/l;total dissolved solids (TDS), 21.0 g/l;cadmium (Cd), 154.3 μg/l;copper (Cu), 5.2 μg/l;lead (Pb), 15.2 μg/l;chromium (Cr), 6.1 μg/l;nickel (Ni), 154.0 μg/l. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, enterococci, Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were detected in unstored urine samples, with 26% of fecal contamination rate. The time of storage (30 days) under sunlight was enough for almost all bacteria removal in urine samples. Although the fertilizing value of urine was confirmed, it would be important to take account of the best practices on applying in soils, because of the high TDS contents. Also, the risk linked to micropollutants in urine-based fertilizers could be negligible in view of low quantities. The results obtained in this study prove that after 30 days of exposure to sunlight urine collected via eco-toilet becomes bacteriologically sanitized, and can therefore be used to fertilize soils. However, it is necessary to demonstrate the inactivation of other groups of enteric microorganisms in human urine during storage.

关键词： Human Urine Storage hygienic Quality Micropollutants Enteric Bacteria Fertilizer

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Application of Cold Plasma Technology in Sludge Treatment

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2019年第1期10卷 49-51页

作者： Hu Yanyan Xu Fuyin Chen Xiang Bao Bing Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute Chongqing Urban Landscape Engineering Technology Research Center

Cold plasma technology was used to treat sludge,and the effects of various discharge times on the p H,EC,content of available nutrients( available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium),value of fecal coliforms,and mortality of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs of sludge were studied. The results showed that after the treatment of sludge by cold plasma technology,it had certain effects on the p H,EC,available nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the sludge,and had no significant effect on available potassium content. Within certain discharge times,sludge p H increased,while EC,available nitrogen and available phosphorus content decreased,and there was no significant change in available potassium content. The plasma generated by discharge could effectively kill microorganisms under normal atmospheric pressure,so that the value of fecal coliforms and mortality of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs of the treated sludge could meet the requirements of the relevant standard.

关键词： Cold plasma Sludge treatment Physical and chemical properties hygienic indicators

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Microbiological Quality of Goat Milk in Degahbur District of Jarar Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 515-523页

作者： Abdi Ahmed Tadele Amentie Kawnin Abdimahad Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Dry Land Agriculture Jigjiga University Jigjiga Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate microbiological quality of raw goat milk in Degahbur district of Jarar zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 40 pooled raw goat milk samples (each with a volume of 450 mL) were collected from the udders and milk handling equipment of targeted goat milk producers in the study area. The milk samples were subjected to laboratory analysis to evaluate total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) in order to determine the microbiological quality of the raw goat milk in the study area. The study showed that the mean total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) for raw milk samples collected from the udder were 4.92 ± 0.23 and 2.68 ± 0.36 log10 cfu·mL-1, respectively. The mean counts for samples collected from milk equipment were 5.61 ± 0.32 and 3.93 ± 0.21 log10 cfu·mL-1 for TBC and TCC, respectively. The values for the samples collected from pastoral production system were 5.63 ± 0.13 and 4.02 ± 0.20 log10 cfu·mL-1 for TBC and TCC, respectively. The average means of TBC and TCC for samples collected from the agro-pastoral production system were 4.9 ± 0.41 and 2.59 ± 0.37 log10 cfu·mL-1, respectively. Significant difference (P 0.05) in mean TBC and TCC was observed between milk samples collected from pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems as well as milk samples collected from udders and milk handling equipment of the producers. It could be concluded that both TBC & TCC of goat milk samples collected from the udder as well as from the milk handling equipment of producers exceeded the acceptable limits. This indicated that production practices performed during milk production and postharvest handling in the study area were unhygienic. Therefore, hygienic and proper milk production procedures should be followed to improve the quality of goat milk for its intended use in the study area.

关键词： Goat Milk Microbiological Quality hygienic Production System

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