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Mapping the urban natural ventilation potential by hydrological simulation

Building simulation 2021年第2期14卷 351-364页

作者： Ziyu Tong Yu Luo Juelun Zhou School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

Urban wind environments are closely related to air pollution and outdoor human comfort.The urban natural ventilation potential(NVP)is an important factor in urban planning and design.However,for ventilation studies on urban scales,neither macroscale numerical simulations(i.e.,WRF,MM5,etc.)nor microscale computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations can conduct efficient analyses.Based on the similarity between water flows and airflows,an efficient approach is proposed in this paper to map the urban NVP.Through integrating the urban terrain model,urban form model,and prevailing wind pressure model,an airflow digital elevation model(AF-DEM),which represents the resistance to airflow and can be used for a hydrological simulation,is generated and applied to evaluate the urban airflow patterns under different terrain,urban form and ambient wind conditions.The objective was to develop a simulation platform that can efficiently predict the distribution of natural ventilation corridor and NVP.The stream network calculated through the simulation is regarded as potential ventilation corridors within the city,and an index calculated from the coverage rate of wind corridors(CRW)is proposed for evaluating the relative NVP.Taking Nanjing as a case study,8 AF-DEMs based on different wind directions and wind speed conditions are generated,and their corresponding ventilation corridor maps are constructed.The results are in good agreement with the empirical evidence,indicating that the hydrological model,though a rudimentary approximation of the actual airflows,was effective in revealing the natural ventilation corridor and characterize the relative NVP.Moreover,the implementation of this novel method is simple and convenient,and it has great application potential and value in urban design and management.

关键词： urban natural ventilation potential hydrological simulation airflow DEM local climate zone

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Evaluating the suitability of TRMM satellite rainfall data for hydrological simulation using a distributed hydrological model in the Weihe River catchment in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第2期25卷 177-195页

作者： ZHAO Haigen State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100875 China Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences MEP Guangzhou 510655 China

The objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） data with rain gauge data and further to use this TRMM data to drive a Dis- tributed Time-Variant Gain Model （DTVGM） to perform hydrological simulations in the semi-humid Weihe River catchment in China. Before the simulations, a comparison with a 10-year （2001-2010） daily rain gauge data set reveals that, at daily time step, TRMM rainfall data are better at capturing rain occurrence and mean values than rainfall extremes. On a monthly time scale, good linear relationships between TRMM and rain gauge rainfall data are found, with determination coefficients R2 varying between 0.78 and 0.89 for the individual stations. Subsequent simulation results of seven years （2001-2007） of data on daily hydro- logical processes confirm that the DTVGM when calibrated by rain gauge data performs better than when calibrated by TRMM data, but the performance of the simulation driven by TRMM data is better than that driven by gauge data on a monthly time scale. The results thus suggest that TRMM rainfall data are more suitable for monthly streamfiow simulation in the study area, and that, when the effects of recalibration and the results for water balance components are also taken into account, the TRMM 3B42-V7 product has the potential to perform well in similar basins.

关键词： rainfall TRMM distributed hydrological model DTVGM hydrological simulation Weihe River catchment

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Landslide forecasting based on hydrological process simulation for a dump slope in an open mining pit

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 92-103页

作者： GUO Jin-xing GRAEBER Peter-Wolfgang Center of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology China Geological Survey Institute of Groundwater Management Technical University of Dresden

There are concerns about the safety issues of dump slope in the open-cast mining pit because of the risk of catastrophic destruction caused by slope failures that are related to several factors, such as atmospheric conditions(especially precipitation), vegetation and some others. The aim of this study is to investigate the hydrological regime in a dump slope and the influence of the saturation degree on the stability of dump slopes with consideration of precipitation and vegetation using the program of PCSiWaPro~?. Based on the hydrological simulation conducted through PCSiWaPro~?, the calculation of the Factor of Safety(Fs) in the dump slope using Geo-slope Software was improved with further consideration of soil-water weight in the unsaturated dump slope and the influence of water content on the variation of soil property parameters(e.g. cohesion).

关键词： Open mining pit Water saturation hydrological simulation Landslides Stability analysis Factor of safety

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Adaptability of machine learning methods and hydrological models to discharge simulations in datasparse glaciated watersheds

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第6期13卷 549-567页

作者： JI Huiping CHEN Yaning FANG Gonghuan LI Zhi DUAN Weili ZHANG Qifei State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The accurate simulation and prediction of runoff in alpine glaciated watersheds is of increasing importance for the comprehensive management and utilization of water resources.In this study,long shortterm memory(LSTM),a state-of-the-art artificial neural network algorithm,is applied to simulate the daily discharge of two data-sparse glaciated watersheds in the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia.Two other classic machine learning methods,namely extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)and support vector regression(SVR),along with a distributed hydrological model(Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)and an extended SWAT model(SWAT_Glacier)are also employed for comparison.This paper aims to provide an efficient and reliable method for simulating discharge in glaciated alpine regions that have insufficient observed meteorological data.The two typical basins in this study are the main tributaries(the Kumaric and Toxkan rivers)of the Aksu River in the south Tianshan Mountains,which are dominated by snow and glacier meltwater and precipitation.Our comparative analysis indicates that simulations from the LSTM shows the best agreement with the observations.The performance metrics Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NS)and correlation coefficient(R^(2))of LSTM are higher than 0.90 in both the training and testing periods in the Kumaric River Basin,and NS and R^(2) are also higher than 0.70 in the Toxkan River Basin.Compared to classic machine learning algorithms,LSTM shows significant advantages over most evaluating indices.XGBoost also has high NS value in the training period,but is prone to overfitting the discharge.Compared with the widely used hydrological models,LSTM has advantages in predicting accuracy,despite having fewer data inputs.Moreover,LSTM only requires meteorological data rather than physical characteristics of underlying data.As an extension of SWAT,the SWAT_Glacier model shows good adaptability in discharge simulation,outperforming the original SWAT model,but at the cost of increasing the complexity of the mod

关键词： hydrological simulation long short-term memory extreme gradient boosting support vector regression SWAT_Glacier model Tianshan Mountains

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Prediction of Debris Flow Runoff Process Based on hydrological Model： a Case Study at Shenxi Gully,Regarding a Long-Term Impact by Wenchuan Earthquake

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2017年第3期34卷 398-404页

作者：王钧潘华利欧国强宫清华魏新峰 Guangz hou Institute of Geography Guangzhou 510070 China Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application Guangzhou 510070 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co. Ltd. Langfang 065000 China

Debris flow runoff process is one of key parameters for the design of emergency measures and control engineering. The Shenxi gully in Dujiangyan region,located in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake,was selected as the study area. Based on the research of hazard inducing environment,a soil conservation service( SCS) hydrological model was used to simulate the process of water flow,and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the results from the SCS hydrological model. Taking the debris flow event occurred on July 9th,2013 as an example,the peak discharges of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 162. 12 and 689. 22 m3/s,with error of 6. 03% compared to the measured values. The debris flow confluence process lasted 1. 8h, which was similar with the actual result. The proposed methodology can be applied to predict the debris flow runoff process in quake-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake and is of great importance for debris flow mitigation.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake hazard inducing environment debris flow runoff process hydrological simulation

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Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第2期23卷 174-180页

作者： Guoqing WANG1,Jianyun ZHANG2,Ruimin HE3,Naiqian JIANG4,and Xin’ai JING5 1 Senior Engineer,State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210098,China Research Center for Climate Change,MWR,Nanjing 210029,China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China 2 Prof.,3 Engineer,State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210098,China 4 Prof.,5 Engineer,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China Senior Engineer State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210098 China Research Center for Climate Change MWR Nanjing 210029 China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210098 China Engineer State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210098 China Prof. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China Engineer Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China

Recently,runoff in many river basins in China has been decreasing.Therefore,the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of interest.In this study,we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river basins.Specifically,we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe River basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by humans.The results of this study revealed that the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly discharge.In addition,we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change,with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe River basin.

关键词： Sanchuanhe River hydrological simulation Climate change Human activities Impact

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