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A benchtop brain injury model using resected donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation

Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1057-1061页

作者： Jacqueline A.Tickle Jon Sen Christopher Adams David N.Furness Rupert Price Viswapathi Kandula Nikolaos Tzerakis Divya M.Chari Aston Pharmacy School College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK Department of Neurosurgery Royal Stoke University HospitalStoke-on-TrentUK

The use of live animal models for testing new therapies for brain and spinal cord repair is a controversial area. Live animal models have associated ethical issues and scientific concerns regarding the predictability of human responses. Alternative models that replicate the 3 D architecture of the central nervous system have prompted the development of organotypic neural injury models. However, the lack of reliable means to access normal human neural tissue has driven reliance on pathological or post-mortem tissue which limits their biological utility. We have established a protocol to use donor cerebellar tonsillar tissue surgically resected from patients with Chiari malformation(cerebellar herniation towards the foramen magnum, with ectopic rather than diseased tissue) to develop an in vitro organotypic model of traumatic brain injury. Viable tissue was maintained for approximately 2 weeks with all the major neural cell types detected. Traumatic injuries could be introduced into the slices with some cardinal features of post-injury pathology evident. Biomaterial placement was also feasible within the in vitro lesions. Accordingly, this ‘proof-of-concept’ study demonstrates that the model offers potential as an alternative to the use of animal tissue for preclinical testing in neural tissue engineering. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that donor tissue from patients with Chiari malformation can be used to develop a benchtop model of traumatic brain injury. However, significant challenges in relation to the clinical availability of tissue were encountered, and we discuss logistical issues that must be considered for model scale-up.

关键词： biomaterial Chiari malformation cerebellar slice human tissue injury model neuroregeneration organotypic traumatic brain injury

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Interference of human's ankle to the channel characteristics of near surface WUSN

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2014年第1期21卷 36-42页

作者： LI Li WU Wei CHEN Jian-ya LIU Yun-jie State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Because of its potential applications in agriculture, environment monitoring and so on, wireless underground sensor network（WUSN） has been researched more and more extensively in recent years. The main and most important difference of WUSN to terrestrial wireless sensor network（WSN） is the channel characteristics, which determines the design methodology of it. In this paper, the propagation character of electromagnetic（EM） wave in the near surface WUSN is analyzed, as well as the path loss model of it is given. In addition, the influence of human＇s ankle to the channel characteristics of near surface WUSN is investigated by electromagnetic theory analysis, simulation and experiment. A novel path loss model of near surface WUSN which takes the interference of human＇s ankle into consideration is proposed. It is verified that the existing of human above the WUSN system may cause additional attenuation to the signal of near surface WUSN which propagates as lateral wave along the ground. Moreover, the relation of the attenuation and operating frequency is deduced, which gives a reference to extend the frequency band applied in WUSN.

关键词： WUSN lateral wave human tissue path loss model EM wave attenuation

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Recent advances toward clinical applications of photoacoustic microscopy: a review

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 1798-1812页

作者： Myeongsu Seong Sung-Liang Chen University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI) is an emerging technology that has been dramatically developed in the last decade. PAI, a combination of optical illumination and ultrasound detection, allows us to achieve fine resolution and obtain fruitful information of endogenous and exogenous chromophores. Among PAI imaging techniques, photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT)has been extensively used in human studies due to its deep tissue penetration(several centimeters). Alternatively, photoacoustic microscopy(PAM) offers higher resolution at the expense of penetration depth, which can also be advantageous in ***, there has been increasing attention and studies on PAM of human tissues. In this paper, we will review principles of PAM and its applications to human tissues, including the breast tissue, carotid atheroma tissue, eye, gastrointestinal tissue,ovarian tissue and tooth ex vivo as well as the oral cavity and dermatological tissue in vivo. The paper is closed with the outlook regarding the potential applications of PAM in clinics.

关键词： photoacoustic imaging photoacoustic microscopy clinical application human tissue in vivo

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A new age in understanding adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2615-2618页

作者： Maya A.Hanspal Sébastien Gillotin MRL London Discovery MSDLondon Bioscience Innovation CentreLondonUK

Several lines of evidence have established that proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons within the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus,a process named adult hippocampal neurogenesis,contribute to maintaining healthy cognitive functions throughout *** rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis decreases with aging and a premature impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed both in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and human post-mortem *** causal relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology has,however,not been *** is partly due to the limitation of recapitulating the development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in rodent models and the lack of translatable biomarkers to identify tractable targets in *** it is tempting to postulate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis could be leveraged to improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,consensual results have yet to be reached to fully explore this *** this review,we discuss how the recent progress in identifying molecular pathways in adult hippocampal neurogenesis provides a good framework to initiate strategies for drug-based intervention in neurodegenerative diseases,especially in Alzheimer’s *** outline how discrepancies in pre-clinical disease models and experimental methodology have resulted in contradictory findings and propose a shift towards using more translatable approaches to model neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s *** particular,we review how exploring novel experimental paradigms including the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells and more complex cell culture systems,as well as standardizing protocols used to investigate evidence of neurogenesis in human tissues,could deliver deeper mechanistic insights that would kick-start innovative drug discovery efforts to promote healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease cognition human tissue induced pluripotent stem cell mouse models neurodegeneration therapeutics tractable target

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Preface for the special issue on regenerative medical materials

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2014年第1期8卷 1-2页

作者： Shengmin Zhang (1) Rizhi Wang (2) 1. Huazhong University of Science and Technology Huazhong China2. The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Biomaterials science is undoubtedly at the frontier of materials science and engineering. It bridges materials science with biology and medicine, and more importantly its progress brings direct impact to improving health and quality of life for many of us. Traditionally, biomedical implants are made from common engineering materials to replace human tissues or organs. A good example is the artificial joints made of cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium alloy, and high density polyethylene. Over 1 million total hip arthroplasties are performed annually in North America. They effectively relieve pain and restore mobility of those suffering from osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Other well-known biomedical implants developed in the 20th century are dental implants, artificial heart valves, coronary stents, and artificial hearts. Although effective in achieving the functions, these biomaterials share the same drawback： they are inert and do not actively interact with the surrounding tissues. The injured tissues or organs are replaced permanently by non-viable materials without the possibility of regeneration.

关键词： artificial heart Materials Science and Engineering Total Joint Replacement Biocompatible Materials Inert Distress Medicine materials science medical materials human tissue Regenerative Organ High Density Polyethylene Engineering Materials Osteoarthritis

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