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hot deformation behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites

Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 407-424页

作者： Hengrui Hu Jiayu Qin Yunpeng Zhu Jinhui Wang Xiaoqiang Li Peipeng Jin Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of New Light Alloys Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Qinghai Provincial Engineering Research Center of High Performance Light Metal Alloys and Forming Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

Graphene nanoplates(GNPs)-reinforced magnesium matrix composites have been attracted great attention.However,knowledge is lack for the hot deformation behavior of GNP-reinforced magnesium(GNPs/Mg)composite.In this study,the fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy process followed by extrusion.The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite were investigated by hot compression test and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD).The hot compression tests of the composite were conducted at temperatures between 423 and 573 K with the strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s^(-1).The strain compensated power law equation was established to describe the hot deformation behavior of the composites.The stress exponent and activation energy of the composite are 7.76 and 83.23 kJ/mol,respectively,suggesting that the deformation mechanism is grain boundary slip controlled dislocation climb creep.The abnormally high stress exponent and activation energy are unattainable in the composite due to the fine grain size of the composites and the absence of Zener pinning and Orowan effects of GNPs reinforcement.The grain size increases with the decrease in Zener-Hollomn(Z)parameter,which can be well fitted by power-law relationship.With the increase in grain size and decrease in Z parameter,the geometrically necessary dislocation density decreases,which shows the approximately power-law relationship.A random and weak texture was formed after hot compression.The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism dominated the DRX behavior at 473 K/0.001 s^(-1) and 573 K/0.001 s^(-1),respectively.

关键词： GNPs Mg composite hot deformation behavior Constitutive equations Microstructure evolution Dynamic recrystallization

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hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB2 composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2107-2124页

作者： ZHOU ShiPeng WANG Shuai HUANG LuJun ZHANG Rui CHEN Xin MENG FanChao CHEN Run SUN FengBo WANG CunYu GENG Lin School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing School of Engineering University of Waikato

The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB2composites fabricated by powder metallurgy（PM）were examined in the temperature range of 950–1150°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1 s-1. The hot compression stress-strain curves and the constitutive equation were obtained. In addition, the hot processing map was drawn, which indicated that the appropriate hot working window was 950–1050°C/0.001–0.1 s-1and 1050–1100°C/0.001–0.01 s-1. The microstructure analysis showed that the splitting and spheroidization of M3B2led to a decrease in size and volume fraction at 950–1100°C. At 1150°C,the eutectic microstructure of M3B2+ γ was formed due to the dissolution of M3B2, which caused macroscopic cracking of the deformed sample. Additionally, the deformation temperature and the strain rate had little effect on the size and volume fraction of M3B2. Besides, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization（DDRX） and continuous dynamic recrystallization（CDRX） were found in the deformed microstructure, while the former was dominant. Within the test range of this work, the dynamic recrystallization（DRX） fraction of the deformed composites was high due to the bulging nucleation of numerous interfaces. The DRX grain size increased with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate. Texture analysis showed that the deformation texture of //compression direction RD existed in the matrix when the deformation temperature was below 1100°C, and the texture type became //RD at 1100°C. Additionally, it was also found that the //RD texture was formed in M3B2under the strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s-1.

关键词： GH3536 alloy matrix composites powder metallurgy hot deformation behavior microstructure evolution

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hot deformation behavior of high Zn-containing 7A65 Al alloy

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Rare Metals 2023年第1期42卷 302-312页

作者： Chen Li Zhuo Chen Xin-Quan Zhang Wen-Long Xiao Yue Ma The First aircraft of Institute of AVIC Xi’an710089China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-homogenized 7A65 Al alloy under isothermal compression at temperatures of 573-713 K and strain rates of 0.1-10.0 s-1were investigated.It was found that the flow stress of 7A65 Al alloy exhibited a typical dynamic recovery characteristic at high-temperature deformation conditions,and a sixth-order polynomial strain compensated Arrhenius constitutive equation was proposed to describe the flow behavior.Based on the dynamic material model and the Prasad standard,the hot processing map was established.The optimal processing conditions were within the temperature range of 633-713 K and the strain rate range of 0.1-0.5 s^(-1)when the true strain exceeded 0.6.deformation temperature and strain rate had an obvious effect on the micros tructure evolution of 7A65Al alloy,and the deformed microstructures were mainly composed of deformed grains and recovery structure.The main softening mechanism was dynamic recovery at the temperature of 573-713 K and the strain rate of 0.1-10.0s-1,but dynamic recrystallization was enhanced with the increase in temperature.

关键词： 7A65 Al alloy hot deformation behavior Constitutive model Processing map Microstructure

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hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Be/2024Al composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第11期30卷 2245-2258页

作者： Yixiao Xia Zeyang Kuang Ping Zhu Boyu Ju Guoqin Chen Ping Wu Wenshu Yang Gaohui Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Xi'an 710024China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi'an 710024China

The high temperature compression test of Be/2024Al composites with 62wt%Be was conducted at 500–575℃ and strain rate of0.003–0.1 s^(-1).The strain-compensated Arrhenius model and modified Johnson–Cook model were introduced to predict the hot deformation behavior of Be/2024Al composites.The result shows that the activation energy of Be/2024Al composites was 363.364 k J·mol^(-1).Compared with composites reinforced with traditional ceramics,Be/2024Al composites can be deformed with ultra-high content of reinforcement,attributing to the deformable property of Be particles.The average relative error of the two models shows that modified Johnson–Cook model was more suitable for low temperature condition while strain-compensated Arrhenius model was more suitable for high temperature condition.The processing map was generated and a hot extrusion experiment was conducted according to the map.A comparation of the microstructure of Be/2024Al composites before and after extrusion shows that the Be particle deformed coordinately with the matrix and elongated at the extrusion direction.

关键词： Be/Al composites hot deformation behavior constitutive model hot extrusion

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hot deformation behavior of novel high-strength Mg-0.6Mn-0.5Al-0.5Zn-0.4Ca alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第12期30卷 2397-2410页

作者： Hao Chen Yanmei Yang Conglin Hu Gang Zhou Hui Shi Genzhi Jiang Yuanding Huang Norbert Hort Weidong Xie Guobing Wei National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1D-21502 GeesthachtGermany

The hot compression behavior of as-extruded Mg-0.6Mn-0.5Al-0.5Zn-0.4Ca alloy was studied on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine.Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 523 to 673 K and strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 1 s^(-1).Results showed that an increase in the strain rate or a decrease in deformation temperature led to an increase in true stress.The constitutive equation and processing maps of the alloy were obtained and analyzed.The influence of deformation temperatures and strain rates on microstructural evolution and texture was studied with the assistance of electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The as-extruded alloy exhibited a bimodal structure that consisted of deformed coarse grains and fine equiaxed recrystallized structures(approximately 1.57μm).The EBSD results of deformed alloy samples revealed that the recrystallization degree and average grain size increased as the deformation temperature increased.By contrast,dislocation density and texture intensity decreased.Compressive texture weakened with the increase in the deformation temperature at the strain rate of 0.01 s-1.Most grains with{0001}planes tilted away from the compression direction(CD)gradually.In addition,when the strain rate decreased,the recrystallization degree and average grain size increased.Meanwhile,the dislocation density decreased.Texture appeared to be insensitive to the strain rate.These findings provide valuable insights into the hot compression behavior,microstructural evolution,and texture changes in the Mg-0.6Mn-0.5Al-0.5Zn-0.4Ca alloy,contributing to the understanding of its processing-microstructure-property relationships.

关键词： high-strength Mg alloy conventional extrusion fine grains hot deformation behavior constitutive relationship microstructural evolution

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hot Compressive deformation Characteristics of Al-9.3Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu Alloy

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第3期39卷 754-765页

作者：刘鹏茹郝世明 XIE Jingpei School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Luoyang 471023China

To understand the hot compression deformation characteristics of the self-developed Al-9.3Zn-2.4Mg^(-1).1Cu alloy,the hot compression tests of Al-9.3Zn-2.4Mg^(-1).1Cu alloy were investigated by Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator to determine the best hot processing conditions.The hot deformation temperatures were 300,350,400,and 450℃,and the strain rates were 1,0.1,0.01,and 0.003 s^(-1),respectively.Based on the experimental results,the constitutive equation and hot processing maps are established,and the corresponding strain rate and temperature-sensitive index are analyzed.The results show that Al-9.3Zn-2.4Mg^(-1).1Cu alloy has a dynamic softening trend and high strain rate sensitivity during the isothermal compression process.The hot deformation behavior can be described by an Arrhenius-type equation after strain compensation.The temperature has a negligible effect on the hot processing properties,while a low strain rate is favorable for the hot working of alloy.The processing maps and microstructure show that the optimal processing conditions were in the temperature range of 400-450℃and strain rate range of 0.003-0.005 s^(-1).

关键词： Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy hot working hot deformation behavior constitutive equations processing maps

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On hot deformation behavior and workability characteristic of 42CrMo4 steel based on microstructure and processing map

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第3期30卷 537-547页

作者： Min Qi Hong-yan Wu Ying Dong Lin-xiu Du State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

In order to determine the safe region of 42CrMo4 steel during hot working and obtain excellent workability,the hot deformation behavior at the temperatures of 850-1150℃and the strain rates of 0.01-10 s^(-1)was investigated through single-pass compression test of thermo-simulation.Through observing and analyzing the true stress-strain curves,the conclusion may be drawn that the flow stress value increases with the decrease in deformation temperature and the increase in strain rate.Raising temperature and reducing strain rate are conductive to dynamic recrystallization(DRX)nucleating and growing,but adiabatic heating caused by higher strain rate can also promote it.Since the Zener-Hollomon(Z)value and dynamic recrystallized grain size(D_(DRX))have completely opposite trends with deformation condition parameters,the expression of Z value and DDRX can be determined as:D_(DRx)=15,567.645Z^(-02174).The processing map and instability map constructed at a strain of 0.9 show that the suitable window for hot working with a true strain of 0.9 is in the temperature range of 970-1150℃and strain rate range of 0.01-0.25 s^(-1),as well as at the temperature of 1150℃ and strain rate range of 0.25-10 s^(-1).The instability phenomenon appears in the process interval of 850-1096℃ and 0.22-10 s^(-1).

关键词： hot deformation behavior Dynamic recrystallization Microstructure evolution Constitutive relationship Processing map

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hot deformation behavior of a near alpha titanium alloy with/without thermal hydrogen processing

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2010年第2期23卷 106-112页

作者： Qing WANG Dongli SUN Xiuli HAN Weigong WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute o) Technology Harbin 150001 China

The true stress-true strain curves of Ti-6Al-2Zr-IMO-IV alloy with hydrogen were obtained by hot compression test. The microstructures of the alloy before and after thermo-compression were observed. The apparent activation energies of deformation were calculated for the alloy with and without hydrogen. The behavior and mechanism of deformation for hydrogenated Ti-6A1-2Zr-IMO-IV alloy at high temperature were analyzed. The relationship between hydrogenation time and hydrogen content at 800 ℃ can be expressed as the equation： CH（t）=1.2-1.2exp（-t/120）. The true stress-true strain curves of hot compression for Ti-6Al-2Zr-IMO-IV alloy with hydrogen first move down and then move up as hydrogen content increases. Appropriate hydrogen content can reduce the peak of flow stress to minimal value. The apparent activation energies of deformation of the alloy with 0.47% hydrogen content and without hydrogen were calculated as 140 kJ·mol^-1 and 390 kJ-mol^-1, respectively, at 800 ℃ and at strain rate 8.3×10^4 s^-1. The apparent activation energy of deformation increases when the strain rate enhances from 8.3×10^-4 s^-1 to 8.3×10^-2 s^-1.

关键词： Titanium alloy Thermal hydrogen processing Compression at high temperature hot deformation behavior Apparent activa- tion energy of deformation Microstructure

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hot deformation behavior and process parameter optimization of Ti22Al25Nb using processing map

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Rare Metals 2016年第1期35卷 118-126页

作者： Jing-Li Zhang Hong-Zhen Guo Hou-Quan Liang School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University

The hot deformation behavior of Ti22A125 Nb was investigated by hot compression test.The flow stressstrain curves can be divided into two types：conventional dynamic recrystallization（DRX） and discontinuous DRX.The different softening mechanism and micro structure observation of conventional DRX and discontinuous DRX were analyzed.The processing map（PM） of Ti22A125 Nb was built to predict the safe deformation region.The optimal low strain rate domain（DOM I） with high power dissipation efficiency indicates the complete DRX.Additionally,in the high strain rate and low-temperature domain（DOM Ⅲ）,the power dissipation efficiency is low and some adiabatic shear bands and glide bands are observed,which are unsafe and should be avoided.Finally,the DRX map was established.In DOM I,it reveals low dislocation density and high DRX content,which is in agreement with PM.

关键词： Ti22Al25Nb Intermetallic Processing map hot deformation behavior Microstructure

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hot deformation behavior and process parameters optimization of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy using constitutive modeling and 3D processing map

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2021年第7期28卷 862-873页

作者： Ming-jun Zhong Ke-lu Wang Shi-qiang Lu Xin Li Xuan Zhou Rui Feng School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063JiangxiChina

The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940-1030℃and the strain rate ranges of 0.001-10 s^(-1).Meanwhile,the activation energy of thermal deformation was computed.The results show that the flow stress of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature.The activation energy of thermal deformation for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is much greater than that for self-diffusion ofα-Ti andβ-Ti.Considering the influence of strain on flow stress,the strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was established.The error analysis shows that the model has higher accuracy,and the correlation coefficient r and average absolute relative error are 0.9879 and 4.11%,respectively.The processing map(PM)of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was constructed by the dynamic materials model and Prasad instability criterion.According to PM and microstructural observation,it is found that the main form of instability zone is local flow,and the deformation mechanisms of the stable zone are mainly superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization.The optimal processing parameters of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are determined as follows:960-995℃/0.01-0.18 s^(-1)and 1000-1030℃/0.001-0.01 s^(-1).

关键词： Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy hot deformation behavior Strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model Processing map Process parameters optimization

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