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The androgen receptor in hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 69-73页

作者： Hai-Lei Mao Zhi-Qi Zhu Charlie Degui Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Andrology Institute of Biochemistry and CellBiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong 226001 China

Advanced prostate cancer is responsive to hormone therapy that interferes with androgen receptor （AR） signalling. However, the effect is short-lived, as nearly all tumours progress to a hormone-refractory （HR） state, a lethal stage of the disease. Intuitively, the AR should not be involved because hormone therapy that blocks or reduces AR activity is not effective in treating HR tumours. However, there is still a consensus that AR plays an essential role in HR prostate cancer （HRPC） because AR signalling is still functional in HR tumours. AR signalling can be activated in HR tumours through several mechanisms. First, activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways can sensitize the AR to castrate levels of androgens. Also, mutations in the AR can change AR ligand specificity, thereby allowing it to be activated by non-steroids or anti-androgens. Finally, overexpression of the wild-type AR sensitizes itself to low concentrations of androgens. Therefore, drugs targeting AR signalling could still be effective in treating HRPC.

关键词： prostate cancer hormone therapy androgen receptor hormone-refractory prostate cancer

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Improved Anti-tumor Efficiency against prostate cancer by Docetaxel-loaded PEG-PCL Micelles

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2014年第1期34卷 66-75页

作者：金明姬朴圣君金铁雄金哲虎尹学哲高钟镐 State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functions of Natural Medicines Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Tech-nology and Novel Formulations Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Yanbian University Hospital

This study primarily focused on the systematic assessment of both in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of docetaxel-loaded polyethylene glycol（PEG）2000-polycaprolactone（PCL）2600 micelles on hormone-refractory prostate cancer（HRPC）. By using solvent evaporation method, PEG-PCL was chosen to prepare doxetaxel（DTX）-loaded mPEG-PCL micelles（DTX-PMs）, with the purpose of eliminating side effects of the commercial formulation（Tween 80） and prolonging the blood circulation time. The prepared DTX-PMs had an average particle size of 25.19±2.36 nm, a zeta potential of 0.64±0.15 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.56±0.03, a drug loading of（8.72±1.05）%, and an encapsulation efficiency of（98.1±8.4）%. In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated that DTX-PMs could effectively kill LNCap-C4-2B cells and show a dose- and time-dependent efficacy. The hemolysis test showed that DTX-PMs had less hemocytolysis than the commercial product of Duopafei. A sustained in vitro release behavior and prolonged circulation time in blood vessels were observed in the DTX-PMs. Furthermore, when compared with Duopafei, the DTX-PMs dramatically reduced the prostate specific antigen（PSA） level and tumor growth of prostate tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo. In conclusion, the DTX-PMs can lower systemic side effects, improve anti-tumor activity with prolonged blood circulation time, and will bring an alternative to patients with HRPC.

关键词： hormone-refractory prostate cancer LNCap-C4-2B docetaxel polymeric micelles

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Screening serum markers of androgen-independent prostate cancer using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass

Screening serum markers of androgen-independent prostate can...

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第十五届全国泌尿外科学术会议

作者： MA Zhifang, WANG Dongwen, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Bin Department of Urology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University 030001

Objictive: To study biomarkers by use of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the serum from androgen-dependent prostate cancer and hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Methods: The serum from 21 patients starting hormonal t... 详细信息

关键词： Androgen-dependent prostate cancer hormone-refractory prostate cancer Protein chip Biomarker SELDI-TOF-MS

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Somatostatin receptor subtypes in hormone-refractory （castration-resistant） prostatic carcinoma

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 242-247页

作者： Roberta Mazzucchelli Doriana Morichetti Marina Scarpelli Aldo V Bono Antonio Lopez-Beltran Liang Cheng Ziya Kirkali Rodolfo Montironi Section of Pathological Anatomy Polytechnic University of the Marche Region School of Medicine United Hospitals Ancona 60126 Italy Department of Pathology Reina SofiaUniversity Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Cordoba 14001 Spain Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN46202 USA Department of Urology School of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir 35010 Turkey

The aim of this study was to examine the tissue expression and Iocalisation of the somatostatin receptors （SSTRs） in hormone-refractory （HR） prostate cancer （PCa）. Five SSTRs were evaluated immunohistochemically in 20 radical prostatectomies （RPs） with Gleason score （GS） 3＋3=6 PCa, in 20 RPs with GS 4＋4=8 and 4＋5=9 PCa, and 20 transurethral resection of the prostate specimens with HR PCa. The mean values in the cytoplasm （all five SSTRs were expressed）, membrane （only SSTR3 and SSTR4 were expressed） and nuclei （only SSTR4 and SSTR5 were expressed） of the glands in HR PCa were 20-70% lower than in the other two groups, the differences being statistically significant. All five SSTRs were expressed in the smooth muscle and endothelial cells of HR PCa, the mean values being lower than in the other two groups. In conclusion, this study expands our knowledge on the expression and Iocalisation of five SSTRs in the various tissue components in the HR PCa compared with hormone-sensitive PCa.

关键词： hormone-refractory prostate cancer prostate cancer progression prostatic adenocarcinoma somatostatin receptors

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