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基于hops的Internet复杂网络分割度分析

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通信学报 2005年第9期26卷 1-8页

作者：苏威积赵海徐野张文波东北大学信息科学与工程学院辽宁沈阳110004

首先讨论了相同分割度对不同网络传播行为的影响,并以小世界网络为例讨论了不同分割度对相同网络传播行为的影响;定义了基于hops的Internet分割度,根据CAIDA提供的全球范围30个主要monitor5年以来采集的数据,对Internethops进行统计分析... 详细信息

首先讨论了相同分割度对不同网络传播行为的影响,并以小世界网络为例讨论了不同分割度对相同网络传播行为的影响;定义了基于hops的Internet分割度,根据CAIDA提供的全球范围30个主要monitor5年以来采集的数据,对Internethops进行统计分析,并计算出Internet分割度,与国际该领域研究成果进行相比,更进一步揭示了Internet小世界效应的规律;针对hops与RTT进行了10种模型的回归分析,得出hops与RTT更符合幂函数关系及其关键参数,从统计上证明了Internet复杂网络传播行为的幂率关系,并以此建立了Internet分割度时间敏感性模型(ISTSDM);建立了针对Internet分割度的时间序列随机过程模型(MTSSPISD),并以此讨论了Internet分割度的时间演化规律;最后利用模型ISTSDM和模型MTSSPISD对2008年北京奥运期间Internet分割度和IP层数据平均传播时间进行了预测。

关键词：分割度集群度特征路径长度 hops RTT 复杂网络小世界效应

Study on Brewing Characteristics of High α-acid and High β-acid hops

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第2期8卷 185-187,190页

作者： Yanwei GUO Cong NIE Xueqin GUAN Jie ZHANG Guiheng YANG Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering/College of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)

[Objectives] Columbus and Tsingtao Flower were selected to brew Ale beer, thereby studying the brewing characteristics of high α-acid and high β-acid content hops. [Methods] The content of diacetyl and bitterness in beer were determined by a spectrophotometer at 335 and 275 nm, respectively. With pH=8.2 as the end point of potentiometric titration, the total acid content in beer was calculated by acid-base titration method, and sensory evaluation for beer was conducted. [Results] The results show that α-acid is an important factor affecting the production and reduction rate of diacetyl in beer. The production and reduction rate of diacetyl in high α-acid hops were lower than those in high β-acid hops; iso-α-acid was the main source of bitterness in beer, and high α-acid hops had more significant bitter value than high β-acid hops; and malt acid compounds and fermentation production were the main source of total acid in beer, and high α-acid and high β-acid hops had a little effect on total acid in beer. In sensory evaluation, high α-acid hops were more effective than high β-acid hops in terms of zest of the mouthfeel, foaming retention and alcohol fragrance, while in clarity, high α-acid hops were lower than high β-acid hops. [Conclusions] Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the brewing characteristics of high α-acid hops are better than those of high β-acid hops.

关键词： hops High ɑ-acid High β-acid Diacetyl

Superpeer Overlay Topologies Based on hops

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Superpeer Overlay Topologies Based on Hops

CONVERSE hops MID世纪球魂

第十三届全国青年通信学术会议

作者： Zhang Chunxia~1 Yu Jiguo~2 Oi Jing~3 ~(1-3)School of Computer Science Qufu Normal University izhao 276826 China

＜正＞In P2P system,superpeer is a node regarded as a server to a set of ordinary peers,the superpeer can improve the perfor- mance of P2P system,but the same as the other superpeers,in other words,the superpeers acts as the P2P *** should be choose the"best"or"powerful"node in the *** to the latency from the ordinary peer to the superpeer,the ordinary peers compose for a zone,inside the zone,the status is unstructured and the query is flooding,and the status of all the superpeer is structured and among all the superpeer is *** size of the zone can be calculated.

关键词： superpeer hops latency

来源： cnki会议评论

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中国服装（北京） 2008年第8期 42-43页

作者：许大维

1908年MILLS CONVERSE先生在北卡罗来纳州创立CONVERSE橡胶公司，1910年时胶鞋的日产量已经可以达到4000双，是最畅销休闲鞋。随着篮球运动的发展，1917年CONVERSE公司推出了ALL STAR帆布鞋，标志着专业篮球鞋的诞生，在此后的几十年里... 详细信息

1908年MILLS CONVERSE先生在北卡罗来纳州创立CONVERSE橡胶公司，1910年时胶鞋的日产量已经可以达到4000双，是最畅销休闲鞋。随着篮球运动的发展，1917年CONVERSE公司推出了ALL STAR帆布鞋，标志着专业篮球鞋的诞生，在此后的几十年里，“ALL STAR”一直是篮球鞋的代名词，广泛活跃在全世界的篮球场上。

关键词： hops MID 北卡罗来纳州 STAR 篮球运动 SE公司篮球鞋日产量

A Summary of the Large-Scale Access Convergence Network Structure

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China Communications 2016年第S1期13卷 1-5页

作者： LAN Julong ZHANG Xiaohui SHEN Juan HU Yuxiang WANG Xiang MAO Zhenshan WANG Lingqiang LIANG Dong National Digital Switching System Engineering & Technological Research Center Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation Henan Cable TV Network Group Co. Ltd

Under the requirement of everything over IP, network service shows the following characteristics:(1) network service increases its richness;(2) broadband streaming media becomes the mainstream. To achieve unified multi-service bearing in the IP network, the largescale access convergence network architecture is proposed. This flat access convergence structure with ultra-small hops, which shortens the service transmission path, reduces the complexity of the edge of the network, and achieves IP strong waist model with the integration of computation, storage and transmission. The key technologies are also introduced in this paper, including endto-end performance guarantee for real time interactive services, fog storing mechanism, and built-in safety transmission with integration of aggregation and control.

关键词： network architecture large-scale access convergence flat structure ultra-small hops

Hop-induced formation of ethyl esters in dry-hopped beer

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2020年第1期2卷 179-185页

作者： Sabrina Brendel Thomas Hofmann Michael Granvogl Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie und Molekulare Sensorik Technische Universität MünchenWissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für ErnährungLandnutzung und UmweltLise-Meitner-Straße 3485354 FreisingGermany Institut für Lebensmittelchemie Fg.Lebensmittelchemie und Analytische Chemie(170a)Universität HohenheimFakultät für NaturwissenschaftenGarbenstraße 2870599 StuttgartGermany

Fruity smelling esters play an important role for the aroma of hops and beer and they have been characterized as key aroma compounds in different hop *** on the transfer of hop-derived compounds into beer during dry-hopping showed calculated transfer rates of different ethyl esters far above 100%,leading to the assumption that these esters must be newly *** investigate this formation,dry-hopping was imitated in water to eliminate the influence of the beer matrix on the formation of these ***,the formation of ethyl esters of 2-methylbutanoic acid,3-methylbutanoic acid,and methylpropanoic acid,induced by the addition of hops,was *** approaches inhibiting enzyme activities and experiments with different hop extracts might lead to the assumption that enzymes are involved in the formation of these esters,beside possible transesterification.

关键词： hops Dry-hopping Beer Ethyl esters Aroma formation Radicals Enzymes

Spectral Representation of Proton NMR Spectroscopy for the Pattern Recognition of Complex Materials

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2017年第2期1卷 1-11页

作者： Peter de B.Harrington Xinyi Wang Clippinger Laboratories Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCenter for Intelligent Chemical InstrumentationOhio UniversityAthensOH 45701-2979USA

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for chemical profiling,also known as spectral fingerprinting,because of its inherent *** is now increasing in use for authentication of complex ***,the absorbance spectrum is used that is obtained as the phase-corrected real component of the Fourier transform(FT)of the free induction decay(FID).However,the practice discards half the information that is available in the dispersion spectrum obtained as the imaginary component from the *** qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis of small sets of absorbance peaks,the symmetric and sharp peaks of the real spectra work ***,for pattern recognition of entire spectra,trading peak resolution for peak reproducibility is *** absolute value of the complex spectrum gives the length or magnitude of magnetization vector in the complex plane;therefore,the magnitude relates directly to the signal(i.e.,induced magnetization).The magnitude spectrum is obtained as the absolute value from the real and imaginary spectral components after the FT of the *** breaking with tradition and using the magnitude spectrum the reproducibility of the spectra and consequent recognition rates can be *** study used a 500-MHz 1H NMR instrument to obtain spectra from 4 diverse datasets;12 tea extracts,8 liquor samples,9 hops extracts,and 25 Cannabis *** classifiers were statistically evaluated using 100 bootstrapped Latin *** classifiers were a fuzzy rule-building expert system(FuRES)tree,support vector machine trees(SVMTreeG and SVMTreeH),a regularized linear discriminant analysis(LDA),super partial least squares discriminant analysis(sPLS-DA),and a one against all support vector machine(SVM).All classifiers gave better or equivalent results for the magnitude spectral representation than for the real spectra,except for one case of the 24 *** addition,the enhanced reproducibilit

关键词： Cannabis Tea hops Liquor HumulusNMR fingerprinting Magnitude spectrum Absolute value spectrum Pattern recognition Classification

The effect of Internet separation degree time sensitivity on transmission

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2006年第3期1卷 325-329页

作者： ZHAO Hai SU Wei-ji XU Ye ZHANG Xin School of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110004China

Separation degree is a standard measure for complex network *** its scale or its increase makes the Internet take on a complex network *** of the development of complex network theory and the continuous evolution of the Internet,it is a key problem that uses complex network theory to research the Internet *** this paper,the Internet separation degree is put *** time series stochastic process model of the Internet separation degree is *** to ac-tual data,the Internet separation degree time sensitivity model(ISDTSM)is established and the effect of time sensi-tivity of the Internet separation degree to the Internet IP level transmission is *** the Internet separa-tion and IP transmission during 2008 Beijing Olympic Games were forecasted by using the model.

关键词： separation degree clustering coefficient av-erage path length hops RTT complex network small world phenomenon

Comparison of the Contributions of Hop Pellets,Supercritical Fluid Hop Extracts,and Extracted Hop Material to the Hop Aroma and Terpenoid Content of Kettle-Hopped Lager Beers

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中外酒业 2020年第5期 58-69页

作者： Daniel C.Sharp YanPing Qian Jeff Clawson Thomas H.Shellhammer Oregon State University Department of Food Science and Technology 100 Wiegand HallCorvallisORU.S.A. Oregon State University Crop and Soil Sciences455 Crop and Soil SciencesCorvallisORU.S.A.

Brewers who create hop-forward styles such as American-style India Pale Ales typically add hops toward the end of or after wort boiling to avoid aroma volatilization and thereby impart strong hopderived ***,previous studies have demonstrated that despite the volatilization effects of boiling wort,hops that are added early in the kettle boil can contribute to hop *** hopderived precursors,specifically glycosides,may survive the boiling process and become hydrolyzed to release volatile aglycones capable of contributing to *** investigate the contribution of these different hop fractions to the aroma of kettle-hopped beers,12 single-hopped pilot-scale(3 hL)beers were brewed using pellet,supercritical CO2 extract,and spent hop fractions of Citra,Simcoe,Centennial,or Cascade ***,extract,and spent additions consisted of a single hop add让ion 5 min into a 60 min *** analysis of beers was perfonned using stir-bar sorptive extraction and quantified using gas chromatographymass *** were analyzed for the common terpenoid compoundsα-pinene,β-pinene,3-myrcene,limonene,linalool,E,β-caryophyllene,α-humulene,andα-*** addition,beers were evaluated using descriptive sensory *** descriptive sensory data identified significant differences among the cultivar and hop product *** spent hop treatments produced beers that had a noticeable hop aroma,which suggests that the water-soluble components left behind in the spent hops may contribute to hop aroma in *** intensity and nature of the hop aroma in the spent treatments were hop variety ***,the contributions of water-soluble components found in spent hops to increased aroma intensity in beer were small,especially compared with the pellet and extract treatments.

关键词： Stir-bar sorptive extraction Spent hops Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Glycosides Descriptive analysis CO2 extract