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Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typical Eocene oil shales in China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： Changbo Zhai Zhirong Zhang John K.Volkman Hong Lu Yan'e Chen SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This study conducted a comparative analysis of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typical Eocene immature oil shales in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun *** the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indicators in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In contrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extracts and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity *** absence of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist ***,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric distribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presence of an additional *** unsaturated hopenes,such as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the occurrence of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl *** absence of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts suggests that it might act as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within *** extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids'stereochemical alignment indicates that epimerization may occur in both ring systems and alkyl side chains of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quick screening method for geological hopanoids without causing any significant alteration to the original skeletons even when cracking multiple covalent bonds is necessary.

关键词： Hopanoid hopane Hopene Neohopene Stepwise pyrolysis Kerogen Eocene oil shale

Distribution Patterns of Pentacyclic TriterpenoidHydrocarbons in Low-Mature Source Rocksfrom Eastern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1998年第4期72卷 399-408页

作者： HOU Dujie ZHANG Linye Research Centre for Organic Geochemistry Jianghan Petroleum Institute Jingzhou Hubei 434102 Applied Geochemistry Section Dept. of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Changping Beijing 102200 Geochemistry Research Section Shengli Petroleum Geological Sciences Institute Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau Dongying Shandong 257015

: Four typical distribution patterns of pentacyclic triterpenoid hydrocarbons (types A-D) are distinguished in the low-mature source rocks from eastern China. Type A has a relatively high content of pentacyclic triterpenes. It exists in immature sediments and the distribution and abundance of triterpenes vary with the maturity of the sediments. An unknown C30 triterpene (UCT2) has also been detected in very shallow sediments. This compound is very unstable and disappears rapidly with the increase of depth. Type B is characterized by a relatively high amount of 17α(H), 21β(H)-30-homohopane. This kind of distribution pattern is common in coals and terrestrial sediments of low maturity. Type C has a relatively high content of diahopane and neohopane series. The analysis shows that this distribution pattern may have an indirect relationship with the input of higher plants despite its microbial source. There are C30—unconfirmed triterpane (UCT2) and a relatively high content of C35 hopane in type D. The distribution patterns of pentacyclic triterpenoids are varied under influences of biological sources, diagentic and sedimentary environments, thermal maturity etc. Therefore, they can provide useful information about the source rocks. Based on geochemical characteristics of the source rocks, the authors postulated that the type B and type C patterns are mainly related to suboxic-anoxic environments. Type D indicates the reducing to anoxic environment, in which C30-UCT3 may be related to some specific biological source in saline environments. The precursors and thermal evolution of some triterpenoid hydrocarbons are also discussed herein.

关键词： low maturity source rock pentacyclic triterpane hopane triterpene diagenetic environment

Distributional Patterns of Hopenoid Hydrocarbons in Mudstone and Crude Oil, Banqiao Sag

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1994年第4期39卷 307-311页

作者：王铁冠侯读杰 Jianghan Petroleum Institute Mangling 434102 PRC

As triterpenoid biomarkers mainly derived from prokaryote （e.g. bacteria andcyanobacteria）, hopenoid hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in fossil fuels and *** et al. （1974） reported a normal distributional pattern of C2... 详细信息

关键词： hopane neohopane diahopane moretane.

The effects of biodegradation on biomarker maturity indicators in sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第S1期52卷 42-50页

作者： BAO JianPing & ZHU CuiShan Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Resource and Exploration Technology,Ministry of Education,Geochemistry Department,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China

By aid of gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry(GC-MS) ,the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in a set of sequentially biodegraded oils from Liaohe Basin,China,have been quantitatively analyzed,and it has been found that during the biodegradation process of crude oils,the molecular maturity parameters such as Ts/Tm,homohopane C31 22S/(22S+22R) and sterane C29 20S/(20S+20R) ratios will be affected to different extent. The results show that except homohopane C31 22S/(22S+22R) ratio,Ts/Tm ratio will decrease with increasing biodegradation,but for C29 20S/(20S+20R) ratio,it will almost remain constant in slightly and moderately biodegraded oils,and then will increase quickly in severely biodegraded oils. The main reason is that there are some differences in the ability of resistant biodegradation for different isomer of biomarkers with different stereo configuration,resulting in the fact that destroying rate by bacteria for those biomarkers with weak ability will be higher than those with strong ability in resistant biodegradation. For example,18α(H) -22,29,30-trisnorhopanes(Ts) will be destroyed more quickly than 17α(H) -22,29,30-trisnorshopanres(Tm) ,and 20R isomer is more quickly than 20S isomer for C29 sterane,resulting in the relative ratios changed with increasing biodegradation. Therefore,much more attention should be paid to the biodegradation extent of crude oils and the type of biomarker maturity indicators,when the distributions and the compositions of biomarkers in biodegraded oils are used to determine the maturity of biodegraded oils.

关键词： biodegraded oils sterane hopane biomarkers maturity parameters Liaohe Basin

The Biodegradation of Dispersed Oil Does Not Induce Toxicity at Environmentally-Relevant Concentrations

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2019年第3期9卷 113-120页

作者： Roger C. Prince Bryan M. Hedgpeth Aaron D. Redman Josh D. Butler ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc. Annandale NJ USA

Applying dispersants to spilled crude oil results in an oil in water dispersion of microscopic oil droplets that soon dilutes to levels below 1 ppm oil. These levels are substantially below those known to induce acute toxicity in 96-hour tests. We show here that oil hydrocarbons are biodegraded very rapidly in such situations (50% loss in 4 days in this experiment), and that no increase in acute toxicity to mysids (Americamysis bahia) is seen during this biodegradation, or over the following 20 days as the oil is further degraded (78% loss of detectable hydrocarbons in this experiment).

关键词： Oil Spills Dispersants Biodegradation Acute Toxicity hopane Americamysis bahia