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hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover in extended-reach drilling

Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2005-2022页

作者： Shuo Peng Wen-Jun Huang De-Li Gao MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China

In extended-reach or long-horizontal drilling,cuttings usually deposit at the bottom of the *** cuttings accumulate to a certain thickness,complex problems such as excessive torque and drag,tubing buckling,and pipe stuck probably occur,which results in a lot of non-productive time and remedial *** bed remover can efficiently destroy deposited cuttings in time through hydraulic and mechanical stirring *** paper aims to build a method for hole cleaning evaluation and installation spacing optimization of cuttings bed remover to improve the wellbore cleaning ***,a Computational Fluid Dynamics approach with Eulerian—Eulerian multiphase model was utilized to investigate the mechanism of cuttings transportation,and a new type of cuttings bed remover was ***,an evaluation method of hole cleaning effect of remover was *** that,the effects of several drilling parameters on hole cleaning including flow rate of drilling fluid,rotational speed of drillpipe,rate of penetration,wellbore size,rheological property of drilling fluid,and remover eccentricity on the performance of cuttings bed remover were *** results demonstrate that the new type of remover with streamline blade performs better than conventional *** efficiency of hole cleaning is greatly improved by increasing the rotational speed of drillpipe,flow rate of drilling fluid,remover eccentricity,and 6 rpm Fann dial reading for drilling *** higher rate of penetration and large wellbore size result in worse hole *** findings can serve as an important guide for the structure optimization design of cuttings bed remover and installation spacing of removers.

关键词： Extended-reach drlling Drilling hydraulics Cuttings transport hole cleaning Cuttings bed remover

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Impact and evaluation of wellbore fluid and drilling parameters on horizontal well hole cleaning

Impact and evaluation of wellbore fluid and drilling paramet...

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第十四届全国水动力学学术会议暨第二十八届全国水动力学研讨会

作者： ZHANG Bo GUAN Zhi-chuan LIU Yu-ming LI Jing-jiao LU Nu LIU Yong-wang XU Shen-qi School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Texas A&M University College Station TX

Based on the impact of cutting bed height and drilling pipe eccentricity on horizontal well geometries,an iterative solution process is presented to solve double-layer *** then a novel index is introduced to compare the *** result indicates:Cutting bed height decreases as drilling fluid density and pump rate increases;Cutting with high density is adverse to hole cleaning;There is an optimal cutting particle size for hole cleaning;Cutting bed height enhances as ROP increases;Larger size of drilling string and small size of wellbore have advantage on cutting *** sensitivity decreases as the following sequence:drilling fluid density,pump rate,cutting particle diameter,wellbore diameter,drilling string diameter,rate of penetration and cutting density.

关键词： hole cleaning Horizontal well Well geometries Iterative solution Sensitivity

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Synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： Shadfar Davoodi Mohammed Al-Shargabi David A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin M.Minaev School of Earth Sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Limited LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling ***,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep ***,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling *** contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling ***,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are *** impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： Synthetic versus natural polymers Nanopolymers Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling hole cleaning

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Simulation study on cuttings transport of the backreaming operation for long horizontal section wells

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1149-1170页

作者： Yu-Fei Chen Hui Zhang Wen-Xin Wu Jun Li Yong Ouyang Zong-Yu Lu De-Xin Ma Yong-Chuan Wu Jun-Bo Liu Ke-Rou Liu Zhuo-Xin Dong China University of Petroleum(Beijing) Beijing102249China Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Experimental and Practical Education Innovation CenterZhuhai519087GuangdongChina Oil&Gas Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an710016ShaanxiChina PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay834002XinjiangChina China Oilfield Services Ltd. Tianjin300459China

The backreaming operation plays a significant role in safe drilling for horizontal wellbores, while it may cause severe stuck pipe accidents. To lower the risk of the stuck pipe in backreaming operations, the mechanism of cuttings transport needs to be carefully investigated. In this research, a transient cuttings transport with multiple flow patterns model is developed to predict the evolution of cuttings transported in the annulus while backreaming. The established model can provide predictions of the distribution of cuttings bed along the wellbore considering the bulldozer effect caused by large-size drilling tools(LSDTs). The sensitivity analyses of the size of LSDTs, and backreaming operating parameters are conducted in Section 4. And a new theory is proposed to explain the mechanism of cuttings transport in the backreaming operation, in which both the bit and LSDTs have the “cleaning effect” and “plugging effect”.The results demonstrate that the cuttings bed in annuli is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, but the overall trend and the distribution pattern are obvious. First, larger diameters and longer drilling tools could lead to a higher risk of the stuck pipe. Second, we find that it is not the case that the higher flow rate is always better for hole cleaning, so three flow-rate intervals are discussed separately under the given conditions. When the “dangerous flow rate”(hole near the step surface and causes a stuck pipe directly. If the flow rate increases to the “low flow rate” interval(33-35 L/s in Case 4), a smaller flow rate instead facilitates borehole cleaning. If the flow rate is large enough to be in the “high flow rate” interval(>35 L/s in Case 4),the higher the flow rate, the better the cleaning effect of cuttings beds. Third, an interval of tripping velocity called “dangerous velocity” is proposed, in which the cuttings bed accumulation near the LSDTs is more serious than

关键词： Backreaming Stuck pipe hole cleaning Transient solid transport Multiple flow patterns

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Experimental investigation of multiphase flow behavior in drilling annuli using high speed visualization technique

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第3期14卷 635-643页

作者： Alap Ali ZAHID Syed Raza ur REHMAN S.RUSHD Anwarul HASAN Mohammad Azizur RAHMAN Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringQatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Petroleum Engineering Program Texas A&M University at QatarDoha 23874Qatar

Imaging with high definition video camera is an important technique to visualize the drilling conditions and to study the physics of complex multiphase flow associated with the hole cleaning *** main advantage of visualizing multiphase flow in a drilling annulus is that the viewer can easily distinguish fluid phases,flow patterns and thicknesses of cutting *** this paper the hole cleaning process which involves the transportation of cuttings through a horizontal annulus was *** two-phase(solid-liquid)and the three-phase(solid-liquid-gas)flow conditions involved in this kind of annular transportation were experimentally simulated and images were taken using a high definition *** the captured images,a number of important parameters like velocities of different phases,heights of solid beds and sizes of gas bubbles were *** different techniques based on an image analysis software and MATLAB coding were used for the *** results were compared to validate the image analyzing *** visualization technique developed in this paper has a direct application in investigating the critical conditions required for efficient hole cleaning as well as in optimizing the mud program during both planning and operational phases of ***,it would be useful in predicting the cuttings transport performance,estimating solid bed height,gas bubble size,and mean velocities of bubbles/particles.

关键词： visualization horizontal annulus hole cleaning multiphase flow image analysis flow regime

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Cuttings transport: Back reaming analysis based on a coupled layering-sliding mesh method via CFD

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3673-3686页

作者： Na Zhu Shi-Dong Ding Xiao-Lei Shi Wen-Jun Huang De-Li Gao MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co.Ltd No.197 Baisha RoadChangping DistrictBeijing102206China

Inadequate hole cleaning is one of the main reasons for inefficient operations in extended-reach *** mechanism of cuttings transport under the back reaming operation,which is frequently adopted to remove the cuttings,has been investigated in this *** this end,a coupled layering-sliding mesh method with the Eulerian-Granular approach has been established *** dynamic layering method has been employed to simulate the axial motion of the pipe,whereas the sliding mesh method has been used to simulate the pipe *** back reaming operation of a connector-furnished pipe has been simulated,and the sensitive parameter analysis has been *** results thus obtained demonstrate that the increase in the initial bed height,inclination,and the diameter and length of the connector causes a significant increase in the cuttings *** addition,the cuttings concentration is observed to decrease significantly with the pipe rotation ***,two main factors contribute towards the cuttings accumulation around the connector,namely,the difference in the cross-sectional area and the pushing effect of the connector—like a“bulldozer”.The“bulldozer”effect of the connector dominates when the tripping velocity is significant compared to the velocity of the ***,the effect of the difference in the cross-sectional area becomes the leading factor for cuttings ***“bulldozer”effect of the connector causes a more severe impact on hole *** both cases,increasing the tripping velocity only mildly affects the cuttings *** is therefore suggested that the tripping velocity should be slower than that of the sand during the back reaming ***,increased fluid velocity might lead to a higher accumulated cuttings concentration around the connector when the cuttings bed has not entirely passed through the connector.A significant flow rate can be safely applied after the cuttings have passe

关键词： Drill cuttings transport Back reaming Layering-sliding mesh hole cleaning Connector

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A novel predictive model of drag coefficient and settling velocity of drill cuttings in non-Newtonian drilling fluids

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Petroleum Science 2021年第6期18卷 1729-1738页

作者： Tie Yan Jing-Yu Qu Xiao-Feng Sun Wei Li Ye Chen Qiao-Bo Hu College of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangPeople's Republic of China Sinopec Shale Gas Research Institute of Petro China Southwest Oil and Gas Field Chengdu610051SichuanPeople's Republic of China

In oil and gas well drilling operations,it is of great significance to accurately predict the drag coefficient and settling velocity of drill cuttings in non-Newtonian drilling *** this paper,the free-falling of 172 groups of spheres and 522 groups of irregular-shaped sand particles in Newtonian/non-Newtonian fluids were investigated *** was found that the drag coefficient calculated based on Newtonian correlations can result in a significant error when the particle settles in the non-Newtonian ***,predictive models of drag coefficient were established respectively for different types of *** validity of the proposed drag coefficient model of spheres was verified by comparing it with the previous *** this basis,the drag coefficient model of irregular-shaped sand particles was established by introducing a shape *** models do not use the shape factor that requires detailed threedimensional shape and size ***,two-dimensional geometric information(circularity)is obtained via image analysis *** present new models predict the settling velocity of sand particles in the power-law fluid and Herschel-Bulkley fluid accurately with a mean relative error of5.03%and 6.74%,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the model.

关键词： Drag coefficient Settling velocity Non-Newtonian fluid Drill cuttings hole cleaning

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Bridge Plug Drillouts cleaning Practices—An Overview

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Natural Resources 2021年第2期12卷 19-33页

作者： Haithem Trabelsi Abdennour Seibi Ning Liu Fathi Boukadi Racha Trabelsi University of Louisiana Lafayette USA Utah Valley State University Orem USA

Horizontal fracture-simulated completions remain the most reliable method of producing hydrocarbons from shale formations. The vast majority of unconventional wells are completed using the “Plug and Perf” method. This method involves using either a coiled tubing (CT) with a positive displacement motor or a jointed pipe to mill out composite plugs after fracturing operations are completed. An estimated average of 120,000 composite plugs is installed in the US alone each year. Bridge plug drillouts from milling operations tend to accumulate in horizontal wells and can cause stuck pipe incidents and loss of well control. Efficient removal of composite plugs’ debris is crucial in achieving operational efficacies and full production potential. This paper provides an overview of the various bridge plug drillouts cleaning practices adopted in horizontal wells. It discusses several case histories, showcasing how operators solved cleanout challenges. Developed mechanistic models to better understand hole cleaning are also reviewed. As more unconventional wells are being set at more extensive depths, an economical and optimized coiled tubing process becomes increasingly important. This paper focuses on delivering a more conclusive set of recommendations to increase efficiency and improve current composite plug coiled tubing cleaning-milling practices, increase operational efficiency and reduce cost.

关键词： CT Horizontal Well Bridge Plug Drillout hole cleaning Field Cases Mechanistic Models Research Gap

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