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The State of Geological Sciences in the USSR by the Mid-Twentieth Century

Chinese Annals of history of Science and Technology 2024年第1期8卷 125-130页

作者： Ivan Petrovich VTOROV Department for the history of geology Geological InstituteRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia

The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of *** publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive *** presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal *** thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet *** session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.

关键词： history of geology geological sciences book review 1948 session VASKhNIL 1948 session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR

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William Morris Davis: Father of Geomorphology or Father of geology’s Unrecognized Paradigm Problem

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Open Journal of geology 2023年第6期13卷 579-597页

作者： Eric Clausen Independent Investigator Jenkintown Pennsylvania USA

An often unrecognized problem is the geology and glacial history paradigm’s inability to explain topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence, which means geology research studies rarely address that type of topographic map evidence. The problem originated in the late 19th century with William Morris Davis who is sometimes called the father of geomorphology and was one of the first geologists to interpret what in the late 19th century were newly available topographic maps. An 1889 Davis paper describes selected drainage system evidence observed on an advance copy of the 1890 Doylestown (Pennsylvania) topographic map and an 1892 Ward paper written after discussions with Davis describes additional selected drainage system evidence seen on the same map. Both papers fail to mention the majority of the Doylestown map’s drainage system features including most barbed tributaries, asymmetric drainage divides, and through (dry) valleys crossing major drainage divides. Had Davis used all of the map’s drainage system and erosional landform evidence he should have recognized the map evidence shows headward erosion of an east-oriented Neshaminy Creek valley captured southwest-oriented streams which headward erosion of the south-oriented Delaware River valley and its east-oriented tributary Tohickon Creek valley had beheaded. Consciously or unconsciously, Davis chose not to alert future investigators that Doylestown topographic map evidence did not support his yet-to-be-published Pennsylvania and New Jersey erosion history interpretations and instead Davis proceeded to develop and promote erosion history interpretations which the map evidence did not support.

关键词： Doylestown Topographic Map Drainage Systems geology Paradigm history of geology Robert DeCourcy Ward Topographic Map Interpretation

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