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The history of acupuncture anesthesia for pneumonectomy in Shanghai during the 1960s

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2016年第4期14卷 285-290页

作者： Li-gong Liu Arthur Yin Fan Hong Zhou Jun Hu Department of Literature Research Shanghai Research Center of Acupuncture and Meridian Mc Lean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC. Department of Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Acu-Herbs Healing Citrus Heights

The success of acupuncture anesthesia （AA） for pneumonectomy in Shanghai in 1960 was a key event for AA gaining practical clinical application. The effort was a close collaboration between the Shanghai First Tuberculosis Hospital and the Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. One of the most important factors of AA success was the great financial and political support provided by the Chinese central government and Shanghai local government. In December 1965 the State Science and Technology Commission of China issued a formal document acknowledging AA as an important first-leve national achievement of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine, and a collaborative effort of the whole scientific community in China. AA was an important influential factor that helped acupuncture spread across the world.

关键词： acupuncture anesthesia pneumonectomy Shanghai history of medicine

*** Prensky:The birth of the acupuncture profession in the United States(1969–1979)——the Institute for Taoist Studies and the National Acupuncture Association

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2016年第1期14卷 5-11页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC.Vienna

Acupuncture is one important part of traditional Chinese medicine （here after, the author will only use the term ＂acupuncture＂ to denote both acupuncture and Chinese medicine） and is a fast growing profession in recent years. Many patients have benefited from acupuncture therapy because acupuncture is a safe, effective and natural therapy. Several articles and interviews published in recent years have described the history of the establishment of acupuncture and Chinese medicine on the east and west coasts of the United States （U.S.） of America.

关键词： acupuncture United States history of medicine Gim Shek Ju Tin Yau So William Prensky School

Dr. Ralph Coan: a hero in establishing acupuncture as a profession in the United States

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2013年第1期11卷 39-44页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Ziyi Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC. Vienna VA 22182 USA

1 Introduction Dr. Ralph Coan is not well known to the general public. Originally, we had wanted to interview him as he was the medical director of the first acupuncture center in the United States that opened in the early 1970s. We wanted to know more about that center＇s history. Prior to visiting Dr. Coan, we found an article written by Dr. Sherman Cohn that mentioned Dr. Coan. The article noted that Dr. Coan was the founder of the American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental medicine, which is the national association of acupuncturists and Chinese medicine practitioners in the United States.

关键词： acupuncture United States interview as topic history of medicine Dr. RalphCoan

The beginning of acupuncture in Washington,*** Maryland:an interview with ***-chong Chan

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2013年第3期11卷 220-228页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Zivi Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC.ViennaVA 22182USA

Dr. Yeh-chong Chan （Y.C. Chan） is one of the earliest acupuncturists in the United States （US）. He served for seven years in the first acupuncture center in the US, which was established in Washington, D.C. in 1972. In 1979, he moved the clinic to Rockville, Maryland and continued to practice acupuncture there for over 30 years. He is a well-known licensed acupuncturist （LAc）, one of the developers of the acupuncture profession, and a scholar of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. He has treated two US Governors （In the US, the title Governor refers to the chief executive of each state or insular territory and the political and ceremonial head of the state.） and many sports stars. He is the author of books entitled Acupuncture Practice in the United States,

关键词： acupuncture the United States Maryland Washington DC interview as topic history of medicine Dr. Yeh-chong Chan (Y.C. Chan)

Acupuncture in ancient China: How important was it really?

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2013年第1期11卷 45-53页

作者： Hanjo Lehmann Deutsches Institut für TCM Cranachstr. 1 D-12157 Berlin Germany

Although acupuncture theory is a fundamental part of the Huangdi Neijing, the clinical application of the needle therapy in ancient China was always a limited one. From early times there have been warnings that acupuncture might do harm. In books like Zhang Zhongjing＇s Shanghanlun it plays only a marginal role. Among the 400 emperors in Chinese history, acupuncture was hardly ever applied. After Xu Dachun called acupuncture a ＂lost tradition＂ in 1757, the abolition of acupuncture and moxibustion from the Imperial Medical Academy in 1822 was a radical, but consequent act. When traditional Chinese medicine was revived after 1954, the ＂New Acupuncture＂ was completely different from what it had been in ancient China. The conclusion, however, is a positive one： The best time acupuncture ever had was not the Song dynasty or Yuan dynasty, but is now - and the future of acupuncture does not lie in old scripts, but in ourselves.

关键词： acupuncture acupuncture moxibustion science traditional Chinese medicine history of medicine

*** Lee:a heroine for the start of acupuncture as a profession in the State of California

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2014年第3期12卷 182-186页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Ziyi Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC.ViennaVirginia 22182USA

1 Introduction The first legal acupuncture center established in the United States （US） of America was on the east coast in Washington, D.C. in 1972[1-4]. However, the most important state in the acupuncture profession is on the west coast - in the state of California, which has the longest Iristory of acupuncture practice[5,6] and the largest number of licensed acupuncturists in the US[7].

关键词： acupuncture United States California history of medicine Dr. Miriam Lee

Dr. Gene Bruno: The beginning of the acupuncture profession in the United States(1969–1979) — acupuncture, medical acupuncture and animal acupuncture

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2015年第5期13卷 281-288页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Sarah Faggert McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC. Vienna VA 22182 USA

Acupuncture was practiced by both Western medical doctorst and Chinese medicine doctorst in the United States （U.S.） in the 19th century; however, after 1910, it seems that people seldom heard about it until it was re-introduced during the 1960s-1970s. Acupuncture legislation, acupuncture practice and the start of acupuncture education were some of the events that marked the re-introduction of acupuncture in the U.S..

关键词： acupuncture United States history of medicine Gim Shek Ju Tin Yau So Gene Bruno Animal Acupuncture

“Breast is best”—Infant-feeding, infant mortality and infant welfare in Germany during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries

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Health 2013年第12期5卷 2190-2203页

作者： Jorg Vogele Luisa Rittershaus Thorsten Halling Institute for the history of medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Breastfeeding is considered to be the key variable for infant health. Consequently, UNICEF and the World Health Organization promote the beginning of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and recommend to exclusively breastfeed the infant during the first six months. The origins of these modern breastfeeding campaigns can be traced back to the beginning of the twentieth century. Whereas high infant mortality rates traditionally were considered to be a matter of fate and the declining birth rates towards the end of the nineteenth century raised fears about the nation’s future and led to the emergence of an increasing infant welfare movement in imperial Germany. As low breastfeeding rates were identified as a key factor behind the high infant mortality rates, the main objective of the infant care movement was to increase breastfeeding. The paper examines how the context of infant care and infant mortality was constructed and how breastfeeding campaigns in the context of infant mortality, breastfeeding rates and socio-political changes developed during the twentieth century. Thus the paper covers the period from the beginnings of social paediatrics at the beginning of the 20th century, the breastfeeding campaigns embedded into Nazi ideology during the Third Reich, until the declining breastfeeding ratios and the “feeding on demand”-movement in the 1970s as well as the ideological differences between West and East Germany during the Cold War.

关键词： Paediatrics history of medicine Infant Feeding Infant Mortality Infant Health Germany

Lazzaro Spallanzani: pioneer of artificial insemination, multidisciplinary research, and scientific dissemination

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history & Philosophy of medicine 2022年第4期4卷 31-37页

作者： Tullia Penna Department of Law University of TurinTurin 10100Italy

Lazzaro Spallanzani(1729-1799)was a father of modern biology,with peculiar traits such as a multidisciplinary approach and penchant for scientific *** consistently contributed to modern reproductive medicine by implementing experimental methods for the first historically successful artificial ***,he participated in discoveries pertaining to blood circulation,digestion,and *** known in Europe in the eighteenth century,his fame prolonged to the following century,not exclusively through scientific acknowledgments,but even in ***,the figure of Spallanzani experience a kind of neglect and it would appear essential to maintain his work in the light of the history of medicine.

关键词： Lazzaro Spallanzani biology history of medicine artificial insemination artificial fecundation assisted reproductive medicine in vitro fertilisation