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Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 82-91页

作者： LIU Enfeng SHEN Ji LIU Xingqi ZHU Yuxin WANG Sumin Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geochemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments.The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state.TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn,Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio.

关键词： sediments, heavy metals, nutrients, human activities, pollution history, Taihu Lake.

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A 3-D Global history from a Glober Identity ina Noncentric and Holistic Perspective

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World history Studies 2014年第1期1卷 47-61页

作者： Zhang Weiwei Nankai University

In modern times, global and world history has been understood, writtenand taught from either a national perspective or a regional/cultural/ideological one in the light of centrism such as West/Eurocentrism eversince it was created. The author argues, in a noncentric and holisticperspective, that nationalized global or world histories are nothingbut distorting mirrors full of pride and prejudice. It is argued that bothobjective global history and subjective global history are contingentresultants in a certain special and temporal context. In the early 21stcentury, the author heralds a globalization of global history and ＂GlobalHistorians of All Countries Unite!＂ He also suggests that it is necessaryfor a global historian to develop a glober identity beyond her/hisnational identity and that a reasonable and intelligible global historywhich is closer to the objective global history should be a 3-D globalhistory of the glober, by the glober, for the glober.

关键词： Global history, Glober Identity, Contingence, Noncentric and HolisticPerspective, Globalization of Global history

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Tectonic thermal history and its significance on the formation of oil and gas accumulation and mineral deposit in Ordos Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第Z2期50卷 27-38页

作者： REN ZhanLi ZHANG Sheng GAO ShengLi CUI JunPing XIAO YuanYuan XIAO Hui State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics(Northwest University) Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China

The analyzing data on stratigraphic temperature measurement , thermal conductivity of the strata and radioactive heat production rate show that the present average geothermal gradient in the Ordos Basin is 2.93℃/100 m, and the average heat flow value is 61.78 mW/m2, which belongs to the mesothermal basin, and the value of the present geothermal gradient and heat flow in the east is higher than that in the west. The sandstone radioactive heat production rate of Zhiluo Group in Dongsheng Uranium deposits of Yimeng uplift is obviously higher in the mudstone, indicating that there exists a uranium anomaly. Based on studies of the present thermal field of the basin, the late-Mesozoic paleotemperature and paleogeothermal gradient are determined by using different kinds of paleotemperature methods. According to the anomaly of the late-Mesozoic paleotemperature gradient and magmatic event age, there was a tectonic thermal event in the early Cretaceous epoch of late-Mesozoic. This article rebuilds tectonic thermal history of different tectonic units by thermal history simulation using basin simulating software. The evolution of oil-gas and coal, and accumulation (mineralization) of mineral uranium are all controlled by the tectonic thermal history in the Ordos basin, especially by the tectonic thermal event that happened in the late Mesozoic. For both the gas source rocks of upper Paleozoic group and lower paleozoic group, the gas was largely generated in the early Cretaceous epoch of the late Mesozoic. The main petroleum generation period for Yanchang Group in Triassic system is the early Cretaceous epoch too, and the highest thermal maturity of the coal of Permo-Carboniferous, Triassic, and Jurassic reaches is the early Cretaceous epoch also. Early Cretaceous epoch is still one of the most important mineralizing periods of uranium.

关键词： Ordos Basin, heat flow, geothermal gradient, paleotemperature, tectonic thermal event, thermal history, accumulation period

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Identity in a World of Scarcity： The Book of Eli

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Chinese Business Review 2014年第8期13卷 531-536页

This paper examines the construction of identity in Hugue＇s brothers movie, The Book of Eli setting in an America post-apocalyptic world destroyed by nuclear war and environmental disasters. Economic relations in this world without time or history and without production of goods and commodities, are based on ancient practices such as barter. The goods are exchanged for goods according to the need and the currency lost its meaning before the supreme usefulness. Essential items to human life like water now have a very high value due to its complete scarcity. Eli （played by Denzel Washington） toured the United States for 30 years westward circling the wasteland leading the only existing copy of the King James version of the Bible. Then he reaches the town, which is under the control of Carnegie, the villain, whose ambition is to have the holy Bible in order to exercise power. In this world full of shortages, power belongs to the old that has the memory of the past. Texts of Giddens, Beck, Lash, Benveniste, and Marx compose the theoretical apparatus that allow understanding how to reconstruct the identity in a world in crisis, and no shortage of complete story without memory card with the movement of goods excluding currency.

关键词： identity, history, memory, Bible, Barths, Narration

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Occurrence, thermal evolution and primary migration processes derived from studies of organic matter in the Lucaogou source rock at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第Z2期50卷 114-123页

作者： JIAO YangQuan WU LiQun HE MouChun ROGER Mason WANG MinFang XU ZhiCheng Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology Hangzhou 310023 China

The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5℃ in the bedding parallel veins to 222℃ in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures.

关键词： hydrocarbon source rock, thermal evolution history, primary migration, migration pathway, Junggar Basin

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The collections of the TEC H N O S U M in Mannheim

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科学教育与博物馆 2015年第4期1卷 307-311页

作者：安德瑞斯·本茨德国曼海姆科技馆

The TECHNOSEUM in Mannheim is one of the biggest museums in continental Europe dealing withthe history of industrialization and its consequences. It shows the ＂roots of prosperity＂ which has made巳aden-Wurttemberg to the most successful economic region in Germany. Synchronous, the collections representrequirements and steps of the development of industry and society in the last three hundred years. Thefocus of collection on exhibits you can call as ＂technical culture goods＂ tells about living and working conditionsin past and present. These include inter tools, working places and machines, measure instruments,means of transport and communication, goods of trade and mass production, but also furniture, domestic appliance,clothes, packages or advertising products. They are not only residues of economic and industrial lifebut also evidence of families, societies and organizations as part of scientific work and research.

关键词： Collections, TECHNOSEUM, Technical history, Industrialization

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Will the Holocaust Please Hush？ Social and Historical Incongruity in Savyon Liebrecht＇s “Hayuta＇s Engagement Party”

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2015年第3期3卷 135-142页

作者： Corinne E. Blackmer Southern Connecticut State University New Haven USA

Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for 40 years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify to his horrific ordeals during the Holocaust at putatively inopportune times, such as religious holidays and family celebrations. When his granddaughter Hayuta plans an engagement party, the social and historical incongruities of the Holocaust in the context of contemporary Israeli society become apparent. Ordinary pleasures are matters of moral obloquy in the face of the unfathomable black hole of the Holocaust. While critics have charged Mendel＇s daughter with preoccupation with invidious social climbing and his granddaughter Hayuta with moral reprehensible compartmentalization of her historical and familial existences, Liebrecht unwittingly implies that historical trauma has very diverse and inexplicable effects on different family members： Some, like the daughter Bella, eventually wish to hear more about the experiences of her father （while feeling that his words will “ruin” her social life）, while Hayutaand Shifra his danghter-in-law react by shunning the speech of Mendel, which they experience as ruining their quotidian happiness.

关键词： Liebrecht, Savyon, Holocaust, intergenerational PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), traumatic testimonial, Jewish history, Israel, remembrance

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