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New constraints on the P-T path of HT/UHT metapelites from the highland Complex of Sri Lanka

Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1405-1430页

作者： P.L.Dharmapriya Sanjeewa P.K.Malaviarachchi L.M.Kriegsman Andrea Galli K.Sajeev Chengli Zhang Postgraduate Institute of Science University of Peradeniya20400Sri Lanka Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Peradeniya20400Sri Lanka Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2NL-2333 CR LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht UniversityBudapestlaan 4NL-3584 CD UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences ETH ZurichSonnegstrasse 5CH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland Centre for Earth Sciences Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Northwest University Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China

We report here rare evidence for the early prograde P-Tevolution of garnet-sillimanite-graphite gneiss(khondalite)from the central highland Complex,Sri *** types of garnet porphyroblasts(Grt_1,Grt_2,Grt_3 and Grt_4)are observed in the rock with specific types of inclusion *** Grt_3 shows evidence for non-coaxial *** the information shows a sequence of main inclusion phases,from old to young:oriented quartz inclusions at core,staurolite and prismatic sillimanite at mantle,kyanite and kyanite pseudomorph,and biotite at rim in Grt_1;fibrolitic sillimanite pseudomorphing kyanite±corundum,kyanite,and spinel+sillimanite after garnet+corundum in Grt_2;biotite,sillimanite,quartz±spinel in Grt_3;and ilmenite,rulite,quartz and sillimanite in Grt_*** pre-melting,original rock composition was calculated through stepwise re-integration of melt into the residual,XRF based composition,allowing the early prograde metamorphic evolution to be deduced from petrographical observations and *** earliest recognizable stage occurred in the sillimanite field at around 575℃ at 4.5 *** collision associated with Gondwana amalgamation led to crustal thickening along a P-T trajectory with an average dP/dT of ~30 bar/℃ in the kyanite field,up to ~660℃ at 6.5 kbar,before crossing the wet-solidus at around 675 ℃ at 7.5 *** highest pressure occurred at P > 10 kbar and T around 780℃ before prograde decompression associated with further *** 825℃ and 10.5 kbar,the rock re-entered into the sillimanite *** temperature peaked at 900℃ at ca.9-9.5 *** near-isobaric cooling led to the growth of Grt_4 and rutile at T ~880℃.Local pyrophyllite rims around sillimanite suggest a late stage of rehydration at T<400℃,which probably occurred after uplift to upper crustal levels.U-Pb dating of zircons by LAICPMS of the khondalite yielded two concordant ^(206)Pb/^(238)U age groups with mean values of 542±2 Ma(MSWD=0.24,Th/U=0.01-0.

关键词： Prograde evolution Melt re-integration highland Complex Sri Lanka UHT granulites

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highland County Now Famed for Fruits and Vegetable

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China Today 2019年第8期68卷 60-63页

作者： NAN BEIBAO 不详

THE Sichuan-Tibet Highway runs across the Litang Plateau, drawing a beautiful curve on the vast Maoyaba grassland.“Forty years ago, having vegetables was a luxury for us in Litang. We were unable to grow vegetables owing to the technological backwardness of our area. We also had difficulties in transporting them here from inland parts of the country because of poor road conditious, and for a very few of them which were available here in the market, they were very expensive,” recalled Luorong Zeren, 51, deputy director of the Litang County Bureau of Agriculture.

关键词： highland County Now Famed Fruits and Vegetables the Litang Plateau

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A Burgeoning highland for Innovation

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国际人才交流 2019年第10期 67-68页

作者： Wang Weiyi Li Yiwen(图) 不详

Hefei, capital of East China’s Anhui province, has emerged as a burgeoning innovation highland attractive to bright and diverse mindsand conducive to transformation of research achievements into marketable products. Strategically positioned in 2004 as China’s first Scientific and Technological Innovation Pilot City, Hefei has kept up a steady pace ever since.

关键词： A Burgeoning highland Innovation

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Water Requirement Rules and Production of highland Barley in Different Sowing Time and Irrigation Levels

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2019年第3期10卷 92-97页

作者： Hou Yahong Liu Guoyi Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences

Water requirement rules and production of highland barley in different sowing time and irrigation levels were studied according to the data in field trial of *** on analyzing the experimental results,the optimal irrigation scheduling and amount in the growth period of highland barley were proposed,which was of great significance to the unification of water saving and high yield of highland barley in the arid agricultural area of Tibet.

关键词： highland barley Sowing time Irrigation treatment Production

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Impact of Altitude and Land Use Type on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Acidic Soils in Tsegede highlands, Northern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2012年第3期2卷 223-233页

作者： Abreha Kidanemariam Heluf Gebrekidan Tekalign Mamo Kibebew Kibret Haramaya University School of Natural Resource Management and Environmental Science Haramaya Ethiopia inistry of Agriculture and Rural Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia

A study was conducted in the Tsegede highlands of Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia to determine the changes in some physical and chemical attributes across three adjacent acidic soil sites with different elevation and three land use types. Analytical results of the collected surface layer soil samples showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlation of soil bulk density, OM and total N with elevation. In the lower elevation site (Indaslasie), soil OM content declined by about 43 and 52% compared with that of the two higher elevation sites (Cheguarcudo and Indamariam), respectively. Soil pH, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al, OM, total N and available phosphorus also exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) disparity across the three land use types of the area. Soils of the forest land were less acidic by 0.43 and 0.68 pH units than the cultivated and grazing lands, respectively. The soil OM content of the cultivated land was significantly lower by about 25 and 35% than the grazing and forest land soils, respectively. Available soil P status was low and showed significant correlations with pH (r = 0.65), exchangeable acidity (r = –0.58) and Al (r = –0.53). In general, the study results revealed altitude did not impose any significant effect in aggravating soil acidity whereas land use type affected significantly not only soil acidity but also the important soil fertility related parameters such as OM, total N and available P contents. Therefore, it can be suggested that besides to the usual acid soil management and/or reclamation practices, introducing proper land use management systems are of paramount importance.

关键词： Acidic Soil Altitude Variability highland Land Use Type

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Stand structure, floristic composition and species diversity along altitudinal gradients of a Bornean mountain range 30 years after selective logging

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第6期16卷 1419-1434页

作者： Renee Sherna LAING Kian Huat ONG Roland Jui Heng KUEH Nixon Girang MANG Patricia Jie Hung KING Muaish SAIT Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak CampusP.O.Box 39697008 BintuluSarawakMalaysia Forest Department Sarawak Wisma Sumber AlamJalan StadiumPetra Jaya93660 KuchingSarawakMalaysia

The mountain ecosystem is a hotspot of biodiversity and provides a significant contribution to the humans’ livelihoods. However, there is still a lack of information regarding floral diversity and how it has been affected due to a logging operation in Sarawak. A study was conducted to determine vegetation recovery at the Heart of Borneo conservation area at different elevations: 750–1200 m(S1), 1200–1500 m(S2) and >1500 m(S3). A total of 891 trees were enumerated. The trees comprised 55 families, 98 genera and 203 species. The lowest elevation site, S1, contained the highest number of species(117) and families(42), while the highest elevation site, S3, contained the lowest diversity(25 families and 59 species). A similar forest structure was recorded, whereby diameter at breast height(dbh), basal area and height decreased as elevation increased. The most speciose families in S1 were Dipterocarpaceae(11 species) and Lauraceae(10 species), while Lauraceae and Fagaceae were the dominant tree families at S2 and S3. Secondary tree species are still abundantly found in the logged plots, especially at S2(45.5%), indicating that after 30 years, these stands are still in the recovery stages. The logged plots retained typical secondary forest appearances with lower canopy diameters and heights and dbh than the unlogged forest. Although the species richness approached that of the unlogged plots, especially at S1(90.9%) and S3(94.9%), there were still major differences in the floristic compositions between logged and unlogged plots(35.4%, 21.5% and 44.7% for S1, S2 and S3, respectively). Although potential seed sources were in close proximity, succession at S2 has proceeded much slower than at S1 and S3. Lower concentrations of soil nutrients, especially N, may be the main reason for the slow recovery. In conclusion, the results suggested that the selectively logged forest at the Payeh Maga highland required more than three decades to recover and achieve a climate forest stage.

关键词： Forest structure Mountain highland Tree diversity Vegetation recovery Bornean mountain

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Distinct metamorphic evolution of alternating silica-saturated and silica-deficient microdomains within garnet in ultrahigh-temperature granulites: An example from Sri Lanka

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1115-1133页

作者： P.L.Dharmapriya Sanjeewa P.K.Malaviarachchi Leo M.Kriegsman K.Sajeev Andrea Galli Y.Osanai N.D.Subasinghe C.B.Dissanayake Postgraduate Institute of Science University of Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka Department of Geology Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka Department of Geology Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences University of Utrecht NL-3584 CD Utrecht The Netherlands Center for Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zurich Sonnegstrasse 5 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Division of Earth Sciences Department of Environmental Changes Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana Road Kandy Sri Lanka

Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temperature(UHT) metapelites in the highland Complex, Sri Lanka. In some of the metapelites, garnet crystals have cores formed via a dehydration reaction, which had taken place at silicasaturated microdomains and mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-deficient microdomains. In contrast, some other garnets in the same rock cores had formed via a dehydration reaction which occurred at silica-deficient microdomains while mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-saturated microdomains. Based on the textural observations, we conclude that the studied garnets have grown across different effective bulk compositional microdomains during the prograde evolution. These microdomains could represent heterogeneous compositional layers(paleobedding/laminations) in the precursor sediments or differentiated crenulation cleavages that existed during prograde metamorphism. UHT metamorphism associated with strong ductile deformation, metamorphic differentiation and crystallization of locally produced melt may have obliterated the evidence for such microdomains in the matrix. The lack of significant compositional zoning in garnet probably due to self-diffusion during UHT metamorphism had left mineral inclusions as the sole evidence for earlier microdomains with contrasting chemistry.

关键词： UHT Metapelites Garnet Microdomains highland Complex Sri Lanka

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Formulation of a Vector SIS Malaria Model in a Patchy Environment with Two Age Classes

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第10期5卷 1535-1545页

作者： Josephine Wairimu Sallet Gauthier Wandera Ogana INRIA Metz and University of Lorraine Metz France School of mathematics University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

We formulate an SIS model describing transmission of highland malaria in Western Kenya. The host population is classified as children, age 1- 5 years and adults, above 5 years. The susceptibility and infectivity of an individual depend on age class and residence. The large scale system with 6n equations is reduced into a compact form of 3n equations by a change of variables. Then 3n equations are vectorialized using the matrix theory to get a one dimension, compact form of the system, equation in . Using Vidyasagar theorem?[1], the graph of the reduced system is shown to be strongly connected and the system is a monotone dynamical system. This means that circulation of malaria parasites among the species and among the patches is strongly connected, hence transmission is sustained. We show that for then-dimensional age structured system the positive orthant is positively invariant for all positive values of the variables.

关键词： highland Malaria Differentiated Susceptibility and Infectivity Monotone Dynamical Systems Age Structure

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Land Development on High Land Areas: Comparison of Process Implementation and Legislation Effectiveness between Malaysia and Hong Kong

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2014年第3期2卷 55-60页

作者： Anuar Bin Alias Azlan Shah Ali Khairul Nizam Othman Faculty of Built Environment University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

The increasing of development failure on highland urges the professionals to develop solution on mitigating the problems. This paper discusses on land development process and legislation on highland development in Malaysia and Hong Kong. This study is focus on land use planning, laws and regulations pertaining to land development process. Hence, this research is to review the current development process including mechanism and legislation pertaining land development on highland in Malaysia and Hong Kong. Hong Kong is chosen as an example based on the fact that for its successfulness in managing highland developments. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of land development legislations and development approaches for highland development. This research reveals the effects and consequences of implementation regulations and development process on highland that have been used at Malaysia and Hong Kong. In Malaysia, land development process on highland is still in questionable;why present property laws and regulations are fail to achieve highland development standards as compared to Hong Kong. There are weaknesses that need to be overcome such as on the implementation and the intensity of the provision in property laws and regulation that can ensure the achievement of required land development process.

关键词： Development highland Legislations Process Property

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Mathematical Analysis of a Large Scale Vector SIS Malaria Model in a Patchy Environment

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第13期5卷 1913-1926页

作者： Josephine Wairimu Sallet Gauthier Wandera Ogana INRIA Metz and University of Lorraine Lorraine France School of Mathematics University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

We answer the stability question of the large scale SIS model describing transmission of highland malaria in Western Kenya in a patchy environment, formulated in [1]. There are two equilibrium states and their stability depends on the basic reproduction number, Ro?[2]. If Ro ≤1, the disease-free steady solution is globally asymptotically stable and the disease always dies out. If Ro >1, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally stable and the disease persists. Application is done on data from Western Kenya. The age structure reduces the level of infection and the populations settle to the equilibrium faster than in the model without age structure.

关键词： highland Malaria Differentiated Susceptibility and Infectivity Monotone Dynamical Systems

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