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Distribution of background equivalent static wind load on high-rise buildings

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 241-248页

作者： Jianguo ZHANG Ming GU State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In this paper,the along-wind and cross-wind fluctuating load distributions along the height of high-rise buildings and their correlations are obtained through simultaneous pressure measurements in a wind tunnel.Some typical methods proposed in some relative litera-tures,i.e.,load-response correlation(LRC),and quasi-mean load(QML)and gust load envelope(GLE)methods,are verified in terms of their accuracy in describing the background equivalent static wind load distribution on high-rise buildings.Based on the results,formulae of the distribution of background equivalent static load on high-rise buildings with typical shapes are put forward.It is shown that these formulae are of high accuracy and practical use.

关键词： high-rise buildings along-wind cross-wind background equivalent static wind load close formulae

Decentralized damage diagnostic technique for tall buildings using VARMAX model

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2022年第2期21卷 417-439页

作者： K.Lakshmi J.Prawin CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre CSIR RoadChennai 600113Tamil NaduIndia

Civil infrastructure,especially buildings,are becoming more slender,tall,and multipurpose,creating a need to continuously monitor their health to ensure the safety and security of human lives and assets.While the majority of structural health monitoring techniques use measurements from the entire structure,in this study,an output-only damage diagnostic technique using a decentralized concept(subdomain-based)for tall buildings and employing a vector form of the autoregressive moving average with exogenous input(VARMAX)model is proposed,which offers reduced instrumentation and data handling requirements.Unlike other decentralized approaches,this technique predicts more than one DOF at a time so the number of subdomains required for the diagnosis of the complete structure is minimized.The proposed subdomain-based damage diagnostic algorithm works with ambient loads and does not require any correlated numerical models since it is solely based on measured data.The proposed algorithm can identify the time instant of damage,spatial location(s)and characterize the damage intensity.Efforts have been made to account for confounding factors such as environmental and operational variabilities separate from measurement noise to avoid false positive alarms.The effectiveness of the proposed technique is illustrated using synthetic time history responses from a twenty-story framed structure under ambient loading and an experimental study on a ten-story framed structure.Both numerical and experimental investigations confirm the effectiveness of the method and its robustness to environmental/operational variabilities and measurement noise.

关键词： structural health monitoring subdomain high-rise buildings shear-type buildings VARMAX model environmental and operational variability measurement noise

The key spatial elements and high-density development of urban peninsula:A discussion on the relationship between core and cape

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第5期11卷 934-948页

作者： Dongzhu Chu Huilin Lan Yuwen Deng School of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Chongqing Architectural Design Institute Co. LTDChongqingChina

Urban peninsulas are an important category with distinctive geographical characteristics in the history of human settlements.Despite their time-honored development,abundant cultural accumulation,and developed water transportation,a considerable number of world-famous urban peninsulas demonstrate a remarkable feature of high-density development because of their limited space for expansion.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and features of urban peninsulas,this study summarizes five basic elements concerning the space of urban peninsulas,namely,capes,boundaries,networks,nodes,and cores.On the basis of these five elements,different high-density developmental modes of urban peninsulas are construed to provide a reference model for the location,density control,and urban structure of high-rise building clusters in peninsulas and further reveal the significance and value of high-rise buildings in shaping the special urban form of peninsulas.

关键词： Urban peninsula Spatial elements high-density development high-rise buildings

Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第1期29卷 168-174页

作者：朱萸陈涛丁宁范维澄 Institute of Public Safety Research Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science Beijing 100084China School of Criminal Investigation and Counter-Terrorism People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100038China Public Security Behavioral Science Laboratory People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100038China

In most situations,staircase is the only egress to evacuate from high-rise buildings.The merging flow on the stair landing has a great influence on the evacuation efficiency.In this paper,we develop an improved cellular automaton model to describe the merging behavior,and the model is validated by a series of real experiments.It is found that the flow rate of simulation results is similar to the drills,which means that the improved model is reasonable and can be used to describe the merging behavior on stairs.Furthermore,some scenarios with different door locations and building floor numbers are simulated by the model.The results show that(i)the best door location is next to the upward staircase;(ii)the total evacuation time and the building floor number are linearly related to each other;(iii)the pedestrians on upper floors have a negative influence on the evacuation flow rate.

关键词： evacuation dynamics merging flow stair simulation cellular automaton high-rise buildings

Modeling the collapse of the Plasco Building.Part I:Reconstruction of fire

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Building Simulation 2022年第4期15卷 583-596页

作者： Aatif Ali Khan Ramakanth Veera Venkata Domada Xinyan Huang Mustesin Ali Khan Asif Usmani Department of Building Services Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina

In recent years,fires in tall buildings have become more frequent,which costs billions of dollars each year and the loss of many human lives.The facade fire in the Grenfell tower made the structure uninhabitable,and the collapse of the three World Trade Center(WTC)towers is the total structural failure caused by fire.Despite such events,no well-defined methodology exists to reconstruct both fire and structural behaviors and carrys out the forensic investigation of a building fire.This Part I paper collects the evidence of the Plasco Building fire and generates a coherent timeline to reconstruct the fire processes.The vertical and horizontal fire spread of the building is reconstructed using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)fire modeling and calibrated against the evidence library.The spatio-temporal temperature history from the fire modeling provides realistic fire scenarios to simulate the structural response.The fire simulation results are used as boundary conditions to be transferred to a finite element analysis tool for a detailed structural analysis to determine the likely collapse mechanism of the Plasco Building in Part II.The methodology presented in this paper to reconstruct the fire can also guide the structural fire safety engineers to improve the building fire-safety and life-safety strategies.

关键词： building fire safety high-rise buildings fire investigation fire modeling structure failure

The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1495-1507页

作者： MA Fengshan WEI Aihua HAN Zhantao ZHAO Haijun GUO Jie Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The Institute ofHydrogeology andEnvironmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Shijiazhuang 050061 China

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 ram/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.

关键词： land subsidence GPS subsidence cones finite element numerical model high-rise buildings

The Minaret of the Great Mosque in Algiers,a Structural Challenge

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2013年第2期3卷 27-39页

作者： Dan Constantinescu Dietlinde Kober Krebs&Kiefer Consulting Civil Engineers KarlsruheGermany

The Great Mosque in Algiers will be the third largest mosque in the world and its minaret the highest. The region has a high seismic risk. The project designed by a German team of architects and engineers is under construction and will be finished by 2016. Due to the minaret slenderness and to the special composite structure chosen to withstand lateral loading, the structural design faced some challenging aspects. The paper presents the design philosophy, some significant structural features and details of the minaret structure.

关键词： Earthquake Engineering high-rise buildings Composite Structures

The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

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The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu ...

A Study on Factors Influencing Cost Overrun in high-rise Building Construction across India

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）...

作者： MA Fengshan~1,WEI Aihua~(1*),HAN Zhantao~2,ZHAO Haijun~1 and GUO Jie~1 1 Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061,China

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu,a flat lowland area,and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city.A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010.The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed In the region.One emerged at Hujiayuan,with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a,and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010.The other one occurred at Kaifaqu,which became obvious only after 2005,and it showed a decreasing tendency with time.To analyze the causes of ground settlement,a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made.The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement In Hujiayuan.Meanwhile,the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005.However,the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005.To find the cause of this abnormity,a three-dimensional finite element numerical model,coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence,was built.The simulation results indicate that the subsidence Induced by high-rise buildings is serious,but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time,corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu.Therefore,more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal,as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.

关键词： land subsidence GPS subsidence cones finite element numerical model high-rise buildings

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Journal of Smart buildings and Construction Technology 2023年第1期5卷 52-83页

作者： Mohammed Tayyab Mohammed Furkhan Mohammed Rizwan M.Jameel, Aaron Chadee Lords Institute of Engineering and Technology Osmania UniversityHyderabad500007India Department of Civil Engineering King Khalid University62529Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of the West IndiesBB11000Trinidad and Tobago

Cost overrun is a common problem in construction projects worldwide.Most Indian construction projects,particularly those involving high-rise buildings,have had severe cost overruns.For managers,architects,engineers,and contractors,completing building projects within the specified cost budget has become the most important and hard assignment.Since it is common for high-rise building projects to go over budget,the aim of this study is to find out the causes of cost overruns and provide effective measures.The study found 70 cost overrun factors based on a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions.A Google form questionnaire was distributed to 150 construction professionals across India.After following up,101 of the 150 responses were received.A five-point Likert scale was used and the acquired data was analyzed and ranked using the Relative Importance Index(RII)technique.According to the findings of RII,the top ten critical factors influencing cost overruns were frequent change orders during construction by the owner,delay in construction,escalation of material prices,market inflation or deflation,rework,frequent changes in design,inaccurate evaluation of the project timeline,unforeseen ground condition,inaccurate quantity take-off,and delay in progressive payment by the owner.Spearman’s rank correlation test revealed that there is a very significant relationship between the rankings of factors provided by the owner,the consultant,and the contractor.In addition,a factor analysis tool in the SPSS software was also used to categorize the seventy factors into sixteen core components.The top ten critical factors were presented to subject matter experts,and their suggestions were being compiled.These results are expected to help construction professionals minimize cost overruns,improve cost control measures,and initiate future research.

关键词： Cost overrun high-rise buildings RII Factor analysis Subject matter expert(SME) India