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Genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第7期65卷 1620-1635页

作者： Xu Zhang Tianhui Kuang Wenlin Dong Zhihao Qian Huajie Zhang Jacob BLandis Tao Feng Lijuan Li Yanxia Sun Jinling Huang Tao Deng Hengchang Wang Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture The Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensThe Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity of Central Asia Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14850USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth Carolina 27858USA

Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection.However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce.Here, we assembled reference genomes of two alpine plants, Saussurea obvallata(Asteraceae)and Rheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein-coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes,we elucidated genomic convergence underlying high-altitude adaptation in alpine plants. Our results detected convergent contractions of diseaseresistance genes in alpine genomes, which might be an energy-saving strategy for surviving in hostile environments with only a few pathogens present.We identified signatures of positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and respiration(e.g., MMD1, NBS1, and HPR), and revealed signatures of molecular convergence on genes involved in self-incompatibility, cell wall modification,DNA repair and stress resistance, which may underlie adaptation to extreme cold, high ultraviolet radiation and hypoxia environments. Incorporating transcriptomic data, we further demonstrated that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive “greenhouse” morphology. Our integrative data provide novel insights into convergent evolution at a high-taxonomic level,aiding in a deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.

关键词： adaptation alpine plants evolutionary rates genomic convergence “greenhouse”morphology high altitude

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Male reproductive system and simulated high-altitude environment:preliminary results in rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第3期25卷 426-432页

作者： Xiu-Yun Li Mei-Hua Zhang Zhao-Wen Chen Bin Zhang Gang Bai He-Feng Wang Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Department of Obstetrics Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong UniversityJinan 250012China Department of Pediatric Surgery Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinan 250014China

This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment.Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions:a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks,respectively,hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks,and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks.Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological,endocrine,and molecular levels.Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters,body functions,blood indices,and reproductive potential.Six weeks after returning to a normal environment,the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms.However,several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks,including disorders of body development and metabolism,increased red blood cells,increased fasting blood glucose,abnormal blood lipid metabolism,decreased testicular and epididymis weights,abnormal reproductive hormone levels,excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells,and decreased sperm concentration.In summary,a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats,and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.

关键词： high altitude hypobaric hypoxia male rats reproductive potential testis

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Proteomic Analysis of the Small Intestine Reveals Adaptive Strategies for Energy Restriction of Phrynocephalus vlangalii at high altitude

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第2期14卷 167-174页

作者： Yangyang ZHAO Cui YANG Yongxing HE Yue QI Shuhui CAO Xue BIAN Wei ZHAO Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000GansuChina

The environmental characteristics of hypothermia and hypoxia exert great selective pressure on the energy metabolism of high-altitude animals,especially the ectotherms.Current research on energy-limited adaptation of high-altitude ectotherms has focused on energy expenditures.However,the mechanisms of increasing energy intake in high-altitude ectotherms have been studied rarely.In order to investigate the adaptation mechanism of the small intestine,the key part of energy acquisition for animals,to energy limitation at high altitude in ectotherms,the gut proteins of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from high-and low-altitude populations were compared using label free proteomics.GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that proteins associated with energy intake,such as those involved in oxidation-reduction processes,glutathione metabolism,oxidoreductase activity,cofactor binding,catalytic activity and metabolic pathways,were significantly up-regulated in high-altitude populations;while proteins associated with energy expenditure,such as immune responses and processes,membrane attack complexes,natural killer pathway and other immune-related processes,were significantly down-regulated in expression.

关键词： energy intake energy limitation high altitude label-free proteomic analysis lipid metabolism Phrynocephalus vlangalii

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Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

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National Science Review 2020年第6期7卷 952-963页

作者： Dong-Dong Wu Cui-Ping Yang Ming-Shan Wang Kun-Zhe Dong Da-Wei Yan Zi-Qian Hao Song-Qing Fan Shu-Zhou Chu Qiu-Shuo Shen Li-Ping Jiang Yan Li Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Hai-Bing Xie Yun-Fei Ma Xiao-Yan Kong Shu-Li Yang Xin-Xing Dong Ali Esmailizadeh David M Irwin Xiao Xiao Ming Li Yang Dong Wen Wang Peng Shi Hai-Peng Li Yue-Hui Ma Xiao Gou Yong-Bin Chen Ya-Ping Zhang Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratoryfor Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Instituteof Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province Yunnan Agricultural University Departmentof Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology ChineseAcademy of Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Kunming College of Life Science University ofChinese Academy o fSciences CAS Key Laboratory ofComputational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of LifeScience University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming College of Life Science University ofChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province KunmingInstitute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of AnimalNutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province Yunnan Agricultural University CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Departmentof Pathology the Secon

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep,goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10 orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.

关键词： high altitude Tibetan Plateau genome convergent evolution domestic animals

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Genomes reveal selective sweeps in kiang and donkey for high-altitude adaptation

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 450-460页

作者： Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Xiao-Long Tu Chang-Mian Ji Xiao Gou Ali Esmailizadeh Sheng Wang Ming-Shan Wang Ming-Cheng Wang Xiao-Long Li Hadi Charati Adeniyi CAdeola Rahamon Akinyele Moshood Adedokun Olatunbosun Oladipo Sunday Charles Olaogun Oscar JSanke Mangbon Godwin F Sheila Cecily Ommeh Bernard Agwanda Jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti Jian-Lin Han Hong-Kun Zheng Chang-Fa Wang Ya-Ping Zhang Laurent A.F.Frantz Dong-Dong Wu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouHainan 571101China College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingYunnan 650201China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanPB 76169-133Iran Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Institute of Three-River-Source National Park Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghai 810008China School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkNY 10461USA Annoroad Gene Tech.(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsGermplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology Moor-PlantationIbadan 234102Nigeria Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Jalingo 660221Nigeria Division of Veterinary Office Serti 663101Nigeria Institute For Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi 62000-00200Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 40658-00100Kenya State Department of Livestock Ministry of AgricultureLivestockFisheries and IrrigationN

Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.

关键词： Kiang Donkey high altitude Adaptation Selection

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The effect of hematoma puncture drainage before decompressive craniectomy on the prognosis of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral hernia at a high altitude

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2021年第6期24卷 328-332页

作者： Lin-Jie Wei Chi Lin Xing-Sen Xue Guo-Dong Dun Jian-Bo Zhang Yan-Xiang Tong Jia-Xiong Wang Shi-Ji Yang Ling Wang Zhi Chen Hua Feng Gang Zhu Department of Neurosurgery Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University(Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China Department of Neurosurgery PLA 956th HospitalLinzhiTibetChina Department of Neurosurgery First People's Hospital of Honghe CityHonghe Yunnan ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory PLA 956th HospitalLinzhiTibetChina

Purpose:Rapid decompressive craniectomy(DC)was the most effective method for the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH)with cerebral hernia,but the mortality and disability rate is still high.We suspected that hematoma puncture drainage(PD)+DC may improve the therapeutic effect and thus compared the combined surgery with DC alone.Methods:From December 2013 to July 2019,patients with HICH from Linzhi,Tibet and Honghe,Yunnan Province were retrospectively analyzed.The selection criteria were as follows:(1)altitude≥1500 m;(2)HICH patients with cerebral hernia;(3)Glascow coma scale score of 4-8 and time from onset to admission≤3 h;(4)good liver and kidney function;and(5)complete case data.The included patients were divided into DC group and PD+DC group.The patients were followed up for 6 months.The outcome was assessed by Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)score,Kaplan-Meier survival curve and correlation between time from admission to operation and prognosis.A good outcome was defined as independent(GOS score,4-5)and poor outcome defined as dependent(GOS score,3-1).All data analyses were performed using SPSS 19,and comparison between two groups was conducted using separatet-tests or Chi-square tests.Results:A total of 65 patients was included.The age ranged 34-90 years(mean,63.00±14.04 years).Among them,31 patients had the operation of PD+DC,whereas 34 patients underwent DC.The two groups had no significant difference in the basic characteristics.After 6 months of follow-up,in the PD+DC group there were 8 death,4 vegetative state,4 severe disability(GOS score 1-3,poor outcome 51.6%);8 moderate disability,and 7 good recovery(GOS score 4-5,good outcome 48.4%);while in the DC group the result was 15 death,6 vegetative state,5 severe disability(poor outcome 76.5%),4 moderate disability and 4 good recovery(good outcome 23.5%).The GOS score and good outcome were significantly less in DC group than in PD+DC group(Z=-1.993,p=0.046;χ2=4.38,p=0.043).However,there was no significant difference regarding the survival cu

关键词： Intracranial hemorrhage Hypertensive high altitude Cerebral hernia Hematoma puncture drainage Decompressive craniectomy

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EP300 contributes to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans by regulating nitric oxide production

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Zoological Research 2017年第3期38卷 163-170页

作者： Wang-Shan Zheng Yao-Xi He Chao-Ying Cui Ouzhuluobu Dejiquzong Yi Peng Cai-Juan Bai Duojizhuoma Gonggalanzi Bianba Baimakangzhuo Yong-Yue Pan Qula Kangmin Cirenyangji Baimayangji Wei GUO Yangla Hui Zhang Xiao-Ming Zhang Yong-Bo Guo Shu-Hua Xu Hua Chen Sheng-Guo Zhao Yuan Cai Shi-Ming Liu Tian-Yi Wu Xue-Bin Qi Bing Su College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China high altitude Medical Research Center School of Medicine Tibetan University Lhasa Tibet 850000 China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650204 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy ofSciences Shanghai 200031 China Center for Computational Genomics Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Key Laboratory of high altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research Institute Xining Qinghai 810012 China School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Shanghai 200031 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development Shanghai 200438 China

The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 （histone acetyltransferase p300）, we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide （NO） concentration. Collectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.

关键词： Tibetans high altitude Hypoxia EP300 Genetic adaptation Nitric oxide

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Blunted nitric oxide regulation in Tibetans under high-altitude hypoxia

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National Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 516-529页

作者： Yaoxi He Xuebin Qi Ouzhuluobu Shiming Liu Jun Li Hui Zhang Baimakangzhuo Caijuan Bai Wangshan Zheng Yongbo Guo Duojizhuoma Baimayangji Dejiquzong Bianba Gonggalanzi Yongyue Pan Qula Cirenyangji Wei Guo Yangla Yi Peng Xiaoming Zhang Kun Xiang Zhaohui Yang Liangbang Wang Gengdeng Yanfeng Zhang Tianyi Wu Bing Su Chaoying Cui State Key Laboratoryof Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences high altitude Medical Research Center School of Medicine Tibetan University National Key Laboratory of high altitude Medicine High Altitude Medical Research Institute Fukang International Medical Examination Center Fukang Obstetrics Gynecologyand Children Branch Hospital Tibetan Fukang Hospital 7. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine ResearchInstitute of PrimateTranslational MedicineKunming University of Science andTechnology

Nitric oxide(NO) is an important molecule for vasomotor tone, and elevated NO signaling was previously hypothesized as a unique and adaptive physiological change in highland Tibetans. However, there has been lack of NO data from Tibetans living at low altitude and lowlander immigrants living at high altitude, which is crucial to test this hypothesis. Here, through cross-altitude(1990–5018 m) and cross-population(Tibetans and Han Chinese) analyses of serum NO metabolites(NOx) of 2086 individuals, we demonstrate that although Tibetans have a higher serum NOx level compared to lowlanders, Han Chinese immigrants living at high altitude show an even higher level than Tibetans. Consequently, our data contradict the previous proposal of increased NO signaling as the unique adaptive strategy in Tibetans.Instead, Tibetans have a relatively lower circulating NOx level at high altitude. This observation is further supported by data from the hypoxic experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and gene knockout mice. No difference is detected between Tibetans and Han Chinese for endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), the key enzyme for circulating NO synthesis, suggesting that e NOS itself is unlikely to be the cause. We show that other NO synthesis-related genes(e.g. GCH1) carry Tibetan-enriched mutations significantly associated with the level of circulating NOx in Tibetans. Furthermore, gene network analysis revealed that the downregulation and upregulation of NOx is possibly achieved through distinct pathways.Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms of the evolutionary adaptation of Tibetans to high-altitude hypoxia.

关键词： adaptation high altitude Tibetan nitric oxide GCH1

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Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise at high altitude in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第6期16卷 597-608页

作者： Lukas Minder Markus Schwerzmann Thomas Radtke Hugo Saner Prisca Eser Matthias Wilhelm Jean-Paul Schmid Department of Cardiology Bern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland Center for Congenital Heart Disease Department of CardiologyBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention InstituteUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Cardiology Clinic BarmelweidBarmelweidSwitzerland

Objective:To extend our knowledge on tolerance of acute high-altitude exposure and hemodynamic response to exercise in adolescents with congenital heart disease(AscCHD)without meaningful clinical or functional restriction.Methods:A symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise stress test and a non-invasive cardiac output measurement during steady state exercise were performed at 540 m and at 3454 m a.s.l.Symptoms of acute mountain sickness were noted.Results:We recruited 21 healthy controls and 16 AscCHD(59%male,mean age 14.7±1.1 years).Three subjects(2 controls,1 AscCHD)presented light symptoms of acute mountain sickness(dizziness and headache).During the symptom limited exercise test at lowland,control subjects showed a significantly higher power to weight index(3.5±0.6 W/kg vs.3.0±0.7 W/kg,paltitude,power to weight index only remained significantly higher in the control group(2.8±0.6 W/kg vs.2.6±0.6 W/kg,phigh altitude,PBF increased by 110%and 112%,respectively(12.8±2.32 l/min vs.12.5±3.0 l/min;intergroup difference:p=0.986).Conclusions:high altitude exposure was well tolerated in an unselected group of AscCHD.No significant difference in the cardio-pulmonary adaptation to a control group was noted during a steady state exercise.Symptoms of minor acute mountain sickness did occur,which should however not be misinterpreted as signs of hemodynamic maladaptation.

关键词： Adolescents with congenital heart disease high altitude non-invasive cardiac output measurement exercise

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Audible Noise Performance of high Voltage AC Conductor Bundles at an altitude of 226lm

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2447-2455页

作者： Wangling He Baoquan Wan Shilong Huang Yunpeng Liu Jiangong Zhang Xiao Han North China Electric Power University Baoding 071000China China Electric Power Research Institute(State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection) Wuhan 430074China

Extra or ultra-high voltage transmission lines can exhibit strong corona discharge and generate severe audible noise(AN)at high altitudes,which has become a critical limiting factor for power lines construction.However,the AN data of bundle conductors at high altitudes are very rare,which cannot adequately support the power utilities to make reasonable conductor selections.In this paper,a sound pressure level(SPL)of 14 types of bundle conductors is investigated by using an ultra-high-voltage(UHV)corona cage(8 m×8 m×35 m)at an altitude of 2216 m,where the bundle numbers between 4 and 12 and the conductor types are used in 500 kV,750 kV or 1000 kV power transmission projects.Then a large number of valuable AN data are obtained;the influences of bundle numbers and sub-conductor diameters on an acoustic power density level(LPWL)are analyzed;and an A-weighted LPWL calculation method is proposed.In addition,by comparing the AN data obtained from the low-altitude area(altitude:23 m),the AN altitude correction factor is concluded,and the influences of conductor parameters and the surface electric field strength on correction factors are discussed.The results obtained in this paper can provide important data for the construction of high-altitude AC power lines.

关键词： AC power lines audible noise corona discharge high altitude

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