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Planning,monitoring and replanning techniques for handling abnormity in HTN-based planning and execution

Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第5期35卷 1264-1275页

作者： KANG Kai CHENG Kai SHAO Tianhao ZHANG Hongjun ZHANG Ke Command and Control Engineering College Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210000China The 63rd Research Institute of National University of Defense Technology Nanjing 210000China

A framework that integrates planning,monitoring and replanning techniques is *** can devise the best solution based on the current state according to specific objectives and properly deal with the influence of abnormity on the plan *** framework consists of three parts:the hierarchical task network(HTN)planner based on Monte Carlo tree search(MCTS),hybrid plan monitoring based on forward and backward and norm-based replanning method *** HTN planner based on MCTS selects the optimal method for HTN compound task through *** on specific objectives,it can identify the best solution to the current *** hybrid plan monitoring has the capability to detect the influence of abnormity on the effect of an executed action and the premise of an unexecuted action,thus trigger the *** norm-based replanning selection method can measure the difference between the expected state and the actual state,and then select the best replanning *** experimental results reveal that our method can effectively deal with the influence of abnormity on the implementation of the plan and achieve the target task in an optimal way.

关键词： hierarchical task network Monte carlo tree search(MCTS) planning execution abnormity

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ADAPTIVE CGF COMMANDER BEHAVIOR MODELING THROUGH HTN GUIDED MONTE CARLO TREE SEARCH

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2018年第2期27卷 231-249页

作者： Xiao Xu Mei Yang Ge Li College of System Engineering National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

Improving the intelligence of virtual entities is an important issue in Computer Generated Forces （CGFs） construction. Some traditional approaches try to achieve this by specifying how entities should react to predefined conditions, which is not suitable for complex and dynamic environments. This paper aims to apply Monte Carlo Tree Search （MCTS） for the behavior modeling of CGF commander. By look-ahead reasoning, the model generates adaptive decisions to direct the whole troops to fight. Our main work is to formulate the tree model through the state and action abstraction, and extend its expansion process to handle simultaneous and durative moves. We also employ hierarchical task network （HTN） planning to guide the search, thus enhancing the search efficiency. The final implementation is tested in an infantry combat simulation where a company commander needs to control three platoons to assault and clear enemies within defined areas. Comparative results from a series of experiments demonstrate that the HTN guided MCTS commander can outperform other commanders following fixed strategies.

关键词： Monte Carlo Tree Search hierarchical task network Computer generated force Behaviormodeling

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Extending HTN to planning and execution control for small combat unit simulation

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2017年第2期8卷 186-203页

作者： Xiao Xu Rusheng Ju Xiaocheng Liu Ge Li Young-Jun Son College of Information System and Management National University of Defense Technology Changsha HunanP.R.China Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZUSA

Modeling how military commanders carry out operations is considered complicated,requiring the capability of not only planning for multiple subordinates but also responding to unexpected events during *** paper presents an hierarchical task network(HTN)embedded planning and execution control architecture for small unit commander *** be adaptive to dynamic world state changes,the architecture employs a partial planning mechanism and generates actions only applicable to current *** is also able to coordinate subordinates’actions and handle execution failures at *** demonstrate the architecture’s use with an infantry company scenario,where the commander orders three platoons assaulting a defined *** approach shows the effectiveness to control multiple entities in dynamic environments,making the architecture well-suited to represent small unit commanders’behavior.

关键词： hierarchical task network planning and execution commander behavior modeling combat simulation.

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