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Molecular characterization of secaloindoline genes in introduced CIMMYT primary hexaploid triticale

The Crop Journal 2017年第5期5卷 430-437页

作者： Hongmei Liu Xiaobian Zhou Xiangnan Li Junying Chen Dangqun Cui Feng Chen Agricultural College National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Crop Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops Henan Agricultural University

In order to widen gene germplasm for kernel hardness in triticale, 60 synthetic hexaploid triticales were tested by the single kernel characterization system(SKCS) and secaloindoline alleles were identified by sequencing. Phenot^ing showed that frequencies of soft, mixed and hard genotypes were 43.3%, 48.3%, and 8.4%, respectively. Genotyping identified three known secaloindoline-a alleles and four known secaloindoline-b alleles. Three new Sina-Rl alleles were designated Sina-Rld, Sina-Rle and Sina-Rlf. Compared to Sina-Dlc, Sina-Rld showed four point mutations causing changes in four amino acids, Sina-Rle had one point mutation causing an alanine to glycine substitution, and Sina-Rlf possessed five point mutations but produced the same amino add sequence as Sina-Rld. Two new Sinb-Rl alleles were discovered and designated Sinb-Rle and Sinb-Rl/. Compared to Sinb-Rla, Sinb-Rle possessed a triplet-code insertion and four point mutations causing a cysteine insertion and two amino acid substitutions, and Sinb-Rl/possessed three point mutations causing a cysteine insertion and a change of arginine to glycine.Association of hardness index with secaloindoline alleles indicated t±iat SKCS of the Sina-Rld genotype was significantly lower than that of Sina-Rle, and Sinb-Rle was significantly lower than that of the Sinb-Rld genotype. A total of eight allelic combinations of secaloindoline genes were identified; Sma-Rld/Sinb-Rle and Sina-Rle/Sinb-Rld were relatively prevalent in the triticales surveyed. The results provide valuable information for further use of these germplasms in triticale breeding program due to the diverse polymorphism in secaloindoline genes.

关键词： Kernel hardness Allelic variation Secaloindoline genes hexaploid triticale

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Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Diploid, Tetraploid and hexaploid Wheats

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第5期49卷 706-715页

作者： Ming-Li Huang Xi-Ping Deng Yu-Zong Zhao Sheng-Lu Zhou Shinobu Inanaga Satoshi Yamada Kiyoshi Tanaka Department of Urban and Resources Sciences of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Ohwashi l-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8686 Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University 4-101 Koyama-minami Tottori 680-8553 Japan

Three diploid （Triticum boeoticum, AA; Aegilops speltoides, BB and Ae. tauschii, DD）, two tetraplold （T. dlcoccoides, AABB and T. dicoccon, AABB） and one hexapioid （T. vulgare, AABBDD） varieties of wheat, which are very important In the evolution of wheat were chosen in this study. A pot experiment was carried out on the wheat under different water and nutrient conditions （i） to understand the differences in biomass, yield, water use efficiency （WUE）, and nutrient （N, P and K） use efficiency （uptake and utilization efficiency） among ploidies in the evolution of wheat; （li） to clarify the effect of water and nutrient conditions on water and nutrient use efficiency; and （ill） to assess the relationship of water and nutrient use efficiency in the evolution of wheat. Our results showed that from diploid to tetraplold then to hexaploid during the evolution of wheat, both root biomass and above-ground biomass Increased Initially and then decreased. Water consumption for transpiration decreased remarkably, correlating with the decline of the growth period, while grain yield, harvest index, WUE, N, P and K uptake efficiency, and N, P and K utilization efficiency Increased significantly. Grain yield, harvest index and WUE decreased In the same order： T. vulgare 〉 T. dicoccon 〉 T. dicoccoides 〉 Ae. tauschii 〉 Ae. speltoides 〉 T. boeoticum. Water stress significantly decreased root blomass, above-ground biomass, yield, and water consumption for transpiration by 47-52%, but remarkably Increased WUE. Increasing the nutrient supply increased wheat above-ground biomass, grain yield, harvest Index, water consumption for transpiration and WUE under different water levels, but reduced root blomass under drought conditions. Generally, water stress and low nutrient supply resulted in the lower nutrient uptake efficiency of wheat. However, water and nutrient application had no significant effects on nutrient utilization efficiency, suggesting that wheat nutrient utilization efficiency is mainly controlled by genotypes. Compared to th

关键词： diploid evolution hexaploid nutrient uptake efficiency nutrient utilization efficiency tetraploid water use efficiency wheat.

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Rapid changes of microsatellite flanking sequence in the allopolyploidization of new synthesized hexaploid wheat

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第6期47卷 553-561页

作者： ZHANG Lianquan LIU Dengcai YAN Zehong LAN Xiujin ZHENG Youliang ZHOU Yonghong Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityDujiangyan 611830China

It was suggested that the rapid changes of DNA sequence and gene expression oc- curred at the early stages of allopolyploid formation. In this study, we revealed the microsatellite (SSR) differences between newly formed allopolyploids and their donor parents by using 21 primer sets specific for D genome of wheat. It was indicated that rapid changes had occurred in the “shock” process of the allopolyploid formation between tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii. The changes of SSR flanking sequence resulted in appearance of novel bands or disappearance of parental bands. The disappearance of the parental bands showed much higher frequencies in comparison with that of appearance of novel bands. Disappearance of the parental bands was not random. The frequency of disappearance in tetraploid wheat was much higher than in Ae. tauschii, i. e. the disappearance frequency in AABB genome was much higher than in D genome. Changes of SSR flanking sequence occurred at the early stage of F1 hybrid or just after chro- mosome doubling. From the above results, it can be inferred that SSR flanking sequence region was very active and was amenable to change in the process of polyploidization. This suggested that SSR flanking sequence probably had special biological function at the early stage of ploy- ploidization. The rapid and directional changes at the early stage of polyploidization might con- tribute to the rapid evolution of the newly formed allopolyploid and allow the divergent genomes to act in harmony.

关键词： synthesized hexaploid wheat, genome evolution, microsatellite, allopolyploidization, SSR.

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The association between the allelic state of <i>Vp</i>-1<i>B</i>and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in red-seeded hexaploid triticale

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Open Journal of Genetics 2012年第1期2卷 51-55页

作者： Mikhail Divashuk Nikolay Mayer Pavel Kroupin Valentina Rubets Vladimir Pylnev Nguen Tkhi Tkhu Lin Alexandr Soloviev Gennady Karlov Center for Molecular Biotechnology Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russia Department of Genetics & Biotechnology Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russia Department of Plant Breeding Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russia

The core collection of red-seeded winter hexaploid triticale with different pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) resistance has been evaluated for the allelic structure of the gene VIVIPAROUS-1B (Vp-1B) with STS molecular marker. The discovered structure of the collection was as follows: 50.0% and 41.7% of the collection carries Vp-1Bа and Vp-1Bc alleles, respectively, while 8,3% possesses both of them. As a result of the seed color estimation, the collection has been divided into two groups: with dark red seeds and light red seeds. The allele Vp-1Bc has appeared to be associated with PHS resistance while Vp-1Ba with PHS susceptibility in the triticale accessions with light red seeds only. The influence of the seed color and allelic state of Vp-1B on PHS resistance in triticale is discussed.

关键词： Preharvest Sprouting (PHS) hexaploid Triticale VIVIPAROUS-1B Seed Color

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Comparing two approaches for introgression of germplasm from Aegilops tauschii into common wheat

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The Crop Journal 2017年第5期5卷 355-362页

作者： Thomas S.Cox Jizhong Wu Shuwen Wang Jin Cai Qiaofeng Zhong Bisheng Fu Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Allelic diversity in the wild grass Aegilops tauschii is vastly greater than that in the D genome of common wheat(Triticum aestivum), of which Ae. tauschii is the source. Since the 1980 s,there have been numerous efforts to harness a much larger share of Ae. tauschii^ extensive and highly variable gene pool for wheat improvement. Those efforts have followed two distinct approaches: production of amphiploids, known as "synthetic hexaploids," between T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii,and direct hybridization between 丁. aestiuum and Ae. tauschii;both approaches then involve backcrossing to 丁. aestiuum. Both synthetic hexaploid production and direct hybridization have led to the transfer of numerous new genes into common wheat that confer improvements in many traits. This work has led to release of improved cultivars in China, the United States, and many other countries. Each approach to D-genome improvement has advantages and disadvantages. For example, production of synthetic hexaploids can incorporate useful germplasm from both T. turgidum and Ae.tauschii, thereby enhancing the A, B, and D genomes; on the other hand, direct hybridization rapidly restores the recurrent parent's A and B genomes and avoids incorporation of genes with adverse effects on threshability, hybrid necrosis, vernalization response, milling and baking quality, and other traits, which are often transferred when T. turgidum is used as a parent. Choice of method will depend in part on the type of wheat being developed and the target environment. However, more extensive use of the so-far underexploited direct hybridization approach is especially warranted.

关键词： Aegilops tauschii Direct hybridization Origin of wheat Synthetic hexaploid Triticum aestivum Wheat breeding

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Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf,flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 231-236页

作者： 1,2Gao CHEN 1Wei-Bang SUN 3Hang SUN 1(Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China) 2(Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) 3(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China) (Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae) is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n=12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations of B. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length increased with an increase at ploidy level (P0.05) in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaploid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the fleld or in herbarium specimens.

关键词： Buddleja macrostachya dodecaploid hexaploid leaf epidermis ploidy level stomata.

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Wheat breeding in the hometown of Chinese Spring

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The Crop Journal 2018年第1期6卷 82-90页

作者： Dengcai Liu Lianquan Zhang Ming Hao Shunzong Ning Zhongwei Yuan Shoufen Dai Lin Huang Bihua Wu Zehong Yan Xiujin Lan Youliang Zheng Triticeae Research Institute Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University

The common wheat landrace Chinese Spring(CS) was made famous by the work of Ernie Sears, a great cytogenetist, who developed a number of CS-based aneuploid series that were used to identify individual wheat chromosomes. Based on this, a standard karyotype and nomenclature system was developed for wheat chromosomes that allowed wheat researchers to analyze and manipulate the wheat genome with unprecedented precision and efficiency. Nevertheless, not much is known about the utilization of CS at its hometown, Chengdu in Sichuan province, during early wheat breeding activity. In this review, we follow the speculation that CS is a selection from the Cheng-du-guang-tou(CDGT) landrace. We provide a description of how CDGT became a founder landrace for wheat breeding activities in early times. We show that CDGT-derived varieties were reinforced genetically by crosses to six more exotic parents. These varieties remained the major elite cultivar for several decades. Later, synthetic hexaploid wheats were introduced into the breeding program, firstly using those from CIMMYT and later using materials produced with local tetraploid wheat and goat grass. Finally, we discuss the strategies and future directions to improve wheat yield and resistance through an expanded genetic basis,especially by recapturing lost genetic variations from landraces and related wild species, a process that may set an example for wheat breeders in China and elsewhere.

关键词： Introgression Multiparent advanced generation inter-cross Synthetic hexaploid wheat Unreduced gametes

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Temperature and precipitation,but not geographic distance,explain genetic relatedness among populations in the perennial grass Festuca rubra

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 730-741页

作者： MariaŠurinová Věroslava Hadincová Vigdis Vandvik Zuzana Münzbergová Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrůhoniceCzech Republic Department of Biology University of BergenBergenNorway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research BergenNorway

Aims Knowledge of genetic structure of natural populations and its determinants may provide key insights into the ability of species to adapt to novel environments.In many genetic studies,the effects of climate could not be disentangled from the effects of geographic proximity.We aimed to understand the effects of temperature and moisture on genetic diversity of populations and separate these effects from the effects of geographic distance.We also wanted to explore the patterns of distribution of genetic diversity in the system and assess the degree of clonality within the populations.We also checked for possible genome size variation in the system.Methods We studied genetic variation within and among 12 populations of the dominant grass Festuca rubra distributed across a unique regional-scale climatic grid in western Norway,Europe and explored the importance of temperature,precipitation and geo-graphic distance for the observed patterns.We also explored the distribution of genetic diversity within and among popula-tions,identified population differentiation and estimated degree of clonality.The analyses used microsatellites as the genetic marker.The analyses were supplemented by flow cytometry of all the material.Important Findings All the material corresponds to hexaploid cytotype,indicating that ploidy variation does not play any role in the system.The results indicate that temperature and precipitation were better predictors of genetic relatedness of the populations than geographic distance,suggesting that temperature and precipitation may be important determinants of population differentiation.In addition,precipitation,alone and in interaction with temperature,strongly affected population genotypic diversity suggesting increased clonality towards the coldest and especially the coldest wettest climates.At the same time,individuals from the coldest and wettest climates also had the high-est individual genetic diversity,suggesting that only the most hetero-zygous individuals survive under these harsh climates.M

关键词： AMOVA hexaploid isolation by distance isolation by environment microsatellites Poaceae fuzzy clustering

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The cytogenetics and fiber properties of an allohexaploid between Gossypium hirsutum and G.somalense

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第2期46卷 136-140页

作者： Jianxing He Ruqin Jiang Xinxue Zhang Zhenglan Liang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Genet Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

Cytogenetics and fiber properties were studied on the Gossypium hirsutumxG. somalense F2 hybrid and later generations. The cytological analyses of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were made at meiotic metaphase I. The results indicated that the hybrid was a new allohexaploid, its chromosome number determined as 2n=6x=78, and genome group as 2[(AD)1E2]. Chromosomal configurations of the hexaploid averaged 0.15Ⅰ+ 38.72Ⅱ + 0.1Ⅲ + 0.02Ⅳ per cell, 85.09% PMCs having 39 bivalents, and only 11.84% PMCs having 1 to 2 multivalents, indicating that heteroge-netic recombinations of chromosomes occurs between (AD)1 and E2, nevertheless, the frequency is lower. The hexaploids are self-fertile and the progenies remain the hexaploids, whose fibers are light brown and have higher strength by measurement of HVI 900 system. The fiber strength increases 42% than that of upland cotton variety. Therefore, it is possible for the hexaploid to be an important germplasm resource to improve fiber strength of cotton.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum G. somalense hexaploid cytoge-netics high strength fiber.

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Variance of genetics and cytosine methylation in hexaploid derived from triploid between Brassicanapus and B.oleracea

Variance of genetics and cytosine methylation in hexaploid d...

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2015中国遗传学会大会

作者： Qinfei Li Wei Qian College of Agronomy and Biotechnology

Brassica napus was originated from hybridization between B.rapa and B.oleracea with disomic inheritance.hexaploid derived from interspecific hybrid between B.napus and B.oleracea was synthesized to detect the genetic and epigenetic variance via SSR and MSAP,respectively.S1 and S2 with 56 chromosomes had morphologic variance in leaves,flower color and components of erucic acid and glucosinolate in seeds,comparing with SO generation.Genetic diversity in S2(H=0.323±0.152,1=0.483±0.205)was more than S1(H=0.125±0.187,1=0.184±0.275),and genetic distance between S2 and S0(0.096)was further than that between S1 and S0(0.0279).Cytosine methylation variance in S0 was caused by interspecific hybridization between B.napus and B.oleracea and polyploidization.And the variance of cytosine methylation in S2 was more than S1.It indicated that in theearly generation of hexaploid,a little genetic variance was observed,while lots of DNA methylation was happened.

关键词： hexaploid genetic variance DNA methylation

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