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Universal cooling patterns of the butterfly wing scales hierarchy deduced from the heterogeneous thermal and structural properties of Tirumala limniace(Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae,Danainae)

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1761-1772页

作者： Chu-Fei Tang Fan-Fan Li Ye Cao Huai-Jian Liao Institute of Leisure Agriculture Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina

The radiative cooling of butterfly wing scales hierarchy has great value in understanding how poikilotherms adapt to the environment and developing bionic ***,it remains unclear what the cooling system is like and how the vari-ation of hierarchy affects the cooling ***,the correlation between the variations of the structure and emissivity of scale hierarchy is thoroughly investigated in Tirumala limniace(Cramer,1775),whose thermal properties are highly heteroge-neous among different wings and regions but similar between males and ***-terns were deduced from the biological and model simulation *** scale hierarchy varies at the micro-to nanolevel on both surface and section,correspond-ing to the variating *** on wing veins and margins have large nanostruc-tured units with small lumens and are distinctly thickened,which bring extraordinarily high *** variations of light and dark scales,respectively,lead to the high emissivity of the middle region of wings and the front ***,the elevation of the inner surface area and the thickness of the chitin is the key to enhancing the cooling *** the first time,the effects of the variation of hierarchy toward emissivity of the mid-infrared spectrum are systematically *** is demonstrated that wing scales integrally differentiate in coping with the heterogeneous cooling needs,which may benefit in balancing multifunctions and the development toward the adap-tation to the abiotic *** study provides insights into the comprehensive thermoregulation system of butterflies and the further development of radiative cooling materials.

关键词： butterfly emissivity heterogeneous hierarchy radiative cooling wing scales

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