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Evaluation of Pre-Emergence and Post-Emergence herbicides for Weed Management in Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1439-1467页

作者： Bimal Kumar Ghimire Chang Yeon Yu Seung Hyun Kim Ill Min Chung Department of Crop Science College of Sanghuh Life ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Korea Bioherb Research Institute Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Kore

Miscanthus,is a promising bioenergy crop,considered superior to other bioenergy crops because of its higher water and nutrient use efficiency,cold tolerance,and higher production of biomass.Broadleaf weeds and grass weeds,cause major problems in the Miscanthus field.A field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019,to assess the effects of pre-emergence(alachlor and napropamide)and post-emergence herbicides(nicosulfuron,dicamba,bentazon,and glufosinate ammonium)on broadleaf and grass weeds in M.sinensis and M.sacchariflorus fields.The weed control efficiency and phytotoxicity of pre-and post-emergence herbicides were evaluated at 30 days after treatment(DAT)and compared to those of the control plots.The results showed wide variations in the susceptibility of the weed species to the treated herbicides.Treatment with nicosulfuron 40 g.***.i.ha^(-1) provided the most effective overall weed control(with 10%visual injury),without affecting the height and biomass of neither Miscanthus species in the field.Post-emergence herbicides such as glufosinate ammonium 400 g.***.i.ha^(-1) and dicamba 482 g.***.i.ha^(-1) were effective and inhibited the growth and density of the majority of weeds to a 100%;however,they showed significant phytotoxicity(toxicity scale of 1-10)to both species of Miscanthus.The application of glufosinate ammonium caused severe injuries to the foliar region(90%visual injury)of both Miscanthus sps.Comparatively,M.sinensis showed a slightly higher tolerance to the herbicides nicosulfuron,bentazon and napropamide with 10%visual injury at the recommended dose than M.sacchariflorus.The present study clearly showed that infestation of broadleaf and grass weeds in Miscanthus fields can cause significant damage to the growth and biomass of Miscanthus and applying pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides effectively controls the high infestation of these weeds.

关键词： miscanthus herbicides weeds biomass chlorophyll visual injury

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Arsenic mobilization from soils in the presence of herbicides

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期31卷 66-73页

作者： Yuxuan Jiang Wen Zhong Wei Yan Li Yan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Arsenic (As) mobilization in soils is a fundamental step controlling its transport and fate,especially in the presence of the co-existing components.In this study,the effect of two commonly used herbicides,glyphosate (PMG) and dicamba,and two competing ions including phosphate and humic acid,on As desorption and release was investigated using batch and column experiments.The batch kinetics results showed that As desorption in the presence of competing factors conformed to the pseudo-second order kinetics at pH range of 5-9.The impact of phosphate on desorption was greatest,followed by PMG.The competitive effect of dicamba and humic acid was at the same level with electrolyte solution.In situ flow cell ATR-FTIR analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of phosphate and PMG impact on As mobilization.The results showed that PMG promoted As (Ⅲ) desorption by competiting for available adsorption sites with no change in As(Ⅲ) complexing structure.On the other hand,phophate changed As(Ⅲ) surface complexes from bidentate to monodentate structures,exhibiting the most siginficant effect on As(Ⅲ) desorption.As(Ⅴ) surface complexes remained unchanged in the presence of PMG and phosphate,implying that the competitive effect for As(Ⅴ) desorption was primarily determined by the available adsorption sites.Long-term (10 days) soil column experiments suggested that the effect of humic acid on As mobilization became pronounced from 3 days (18 PVs).The insights of this study help us understand the transport and fate of As due to herbicides application.

关键词： Arsenic desorption herbicides Competing ions In situ ATR-FTIR Long-term column transport

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Phytotoxicity of four herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 307-312页

作者： PAN Huiyun,LI Xiaolu,XU Xiaohua,GAO Shixiang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The physiological effects of 4 herbicides （butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine） on 3 submerged macrophytes （Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii） were tested in laboratory. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigment content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously, even at the lowest concentration （0.0001 mg/L）. Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly （p 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis of chlorophyll a （Chl-a） contents was carded out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease in Chl-a content was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water bodies might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as a biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination.

关键词： phytotoxicity herbicides submerged macrophyte ecological risk assessment

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Exposure to herbicides reduces larval sensitivity to insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 711-720页

作者： Shi-Wei Liu Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki Christian Staehelin Zhi-Hui Ma Zhong Qin Rui-Long Wang Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture Guangzhou China Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics Ministry of Agriculture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China College of Crop Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University East Campus Guangzhou China

herbicides and insecticides are widely used in modern agriculture. It has been reported in various studies that application of insecticides can increase tolerance of herbivorous insects to insecticides. However, limited information exists on susceptibility to insecticides when insects are exposed to herbicides. This study was conducted to investigate the potential impact of the herbicides trifluralin and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt (MCPA-Na) on the susceptibility of the nocturnal moth Spodoptera litura to the insecticides X-cyhalothrin, phoxim and bifenthrin. We found that larvae exposed to trifluralin or MCPA-Na became significantly less susceptible to both insecticides than nonexposed control larvae. Herbicide-treated larvae did not show altered growth under the used test conditions. However, heads of herbicide-treated larvae showed increased expression of the acetylcholinesterase genes SI Ace I and SI Ace 2. Moreover, the fat body and midgut of herbicide-treated larvae displayed elevated expression of detoxification genes (the carboxylesterase gene SI CarE;the glutathione S-transferase genes SlGSTe2 and SlGSTe3\ the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes CYP6B48, CYP9A40 and CYP321B1). The CYP6B48 gene exhibited highest inducibility. In conclusion, the data of this study suggest that exposure of S. litura larvae to herbicides may stimulate detoxification mechanisms that compromise the efficacy of insecticides.

关键词： herbicides insecticides insecticide detoxification insecticide susceptibility Spodoptera litura

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Runoff and losses of nutrients and herbicides under long-term conservation practices (no-till and crop rotation) in the U.S. Midwest:A variable intensity simulated rainfall approach

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 265-274页

作者： Javier M.Gonzalez United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceNational Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The U.S. Farm Bill includes conservation practices that benefit both the environment and the farmer. The USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) is a multi-agency effort to assess the efficiency of conservation practices to minimize non-point source pollution. This is follow-up study of a 28-year experiment design to assess the influence of the conservation practices of no-till and crop rotation systems (corn [Zea mays]-soybean [Glycine max]), compared to chisel tillage and monocropping systems (continuous corn) on soil health and water quality. In this study, changes on soil C and N, soil water content, runoff, and losses of ammonium-N, nitrate-N, soluble reactive P (SRP), atrazine, metolachlor, and glyphosate were compared to determine the influence of no-till and corn-soybean rotation systems, relative to chisel tillage and continuous corn, on plots planted with corn using variable intensity rainfall simulations. The long-term no-till systems had a positive impact on soil C and N, soil water, runoff, and losses of ammonium-N and nitrate-N;however, no effect was observed on losses of SRP, atrazine, metolachlor, and glyphosate. The corn-soybean rotation negatively influenced, compared to the continuous corn, soil C and N, soil water content, and increased runoff and the losses of all nutrients and herbicides measured in this study. These results suggest that additional conservation practices, in conjunction with no-till and corn-soybean rotations are needed to reduce surface losses of nutrients and pesticides while improving soil health.

关键词： No-till Crop residue Nutrients herbicides Runoff

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Integrated Weed Management Through Tillage and herbicides for Wheat Production in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Northwestern Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第6期11卷 946-953页

作者： Khalid Usman Inayat Ullah Said Mir Khan Muhammad Umar Khan Said Ghulam Muhammad Anwar Khan Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Entomology Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty of AgricultureGomal University

Conservational tillage （CT） in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system （RWCS）. The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester＋ isoproturon （Affinity 50 WDG） reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield （6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-l） and HI （harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%） in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage （5 575 kg ha-l） and reduced tillage （5 584 kg ha-l） compared to CT （5 479 kg ha-^-1）. Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests＇ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.

关键词： herbicides tillage weed population wheat yield

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Herbicide promotes the conjugative transfer of multi-resistance genes by facilitating cellular contact and plasmid transfer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 363-373页

作者： Xi Li Chang Wen Chen Liu Shiyun Lu Zhongbing Xu Qiue Yang Zhi Chen Hanpeng Liao Shungui Zhou Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

The global dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),especially via plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer,is becoming a pervasive health threat.While our previous study found that herbicides can accelerate the horizontal gene transfer(HGT)of ARGs in soil bacteria,the underlying mechanisms by which herbicides promote the HGT of ARGs across and within bacterial genera are still unclear.Here,the underlying mechanism associ-ated with herbicide-promoted HGT was analyzed by detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,extracellular polymeric substance composition,cell membrane integrity and proton motive force combined with genome-wide RNA sequencing.Exposure to herbicides induced a series of the above bacterial responses to promote HGT except for the ROS response,including compact cell-to-cell contact by enhancing pilus-encoded gene expression and decreasing cell surface charge,increasing cell membrane permeability,and enhancing the proton motive force,providing additional power for DNA uptake.This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the risk of bacterial resistance spread promoted by herbicides,which elucidates a new perspective on nonantibiotic agrochemical acceleration of the HGT of ARGs.

关键词： herbicides Horizontal gene transfer Conjugation transfer Antibiotic resistance genes Cell membrane permeability

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TOXICITY OF TWO herbicides 2,4-D DIMETHYLAMINE AND BENSULFURON METHYL TO RICE FIELD CHIRONOMUS KIIENSIS (TOKUNAGA) (DIPTERA:CHIRONOMIDAE)

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湿地科学 2006年第4期4卷 241-246页

作者： Al-Shami S A Che Salmah M R Siti Azizah M N Abu Hassan A Azmi M School of Biological Sciences Universitiy Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang Malaysia Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Bertam 13200 Seberang Perai Malaysia

Fourth instar larvae of Chironomus kiiensis (Tokunaga) were exposed to various concentrations of two commonly used herbicides: 2,4 - D Dimethylamine and Bensulfuron methyl in the rice fields. The bioassay experiment was carried out in a rearing unit in the laboratory at a room temperature ((27 ±2) °C). A thin layer of sand sediments and tissue papers were provided as substrate in each unit. Each concentration of all herbicides was prepared in 250 mL distilled water. The experiment was performed in triplicate and 20 chironomid larvae were placed in each rearing unit. The larvae were fed with fish food (Sanyuichiban®) at 2 d intervals and all units were aerated by air pumps. The experiment was monitored every 24 h for mortality of C. kiiensis. The 2,4 - D Dimethylamine bioassay was carried out for 24 h while Bensulfuron methyl was run for 72 h. Dead larvae, pupae and living or dead adults were counted and removed daily. The LC50 of 2,4 - D Dimethylamine was 2 638 mg ai L-1, more than 2 000 times higher than the recommended dose of 0.753 mg ai L-1 used for controlling weeds in the rice field. Bensulfuron methyl was more toxic than the 2,4 - D Dimethylamine. The LC 50 of the Bensulfuron methyl was recorded at 1.29 mg ai L -1, and approximately was more 20 times than that of the recommended dose of 0.057 mg ai L-1. Bensulfuron methyl was found to be slow acting. The mortality of the larvae was only observed after 72 h. However, this herbicide interfered with the emergence of C. kiiensis to adults at and above the recommended dose used in the rice fields. Based on their LC50 values, this study showed that applying these herbicides in the rice fields at doses recommended by the manufacturers was safe for C. kiiensis and presumably to other living organisms in the water.

关键词： chironomidae Chironomus kiiensis herbicides 2,4-D Dimethylamine Bensulfuron methyl

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Design, synthesis and bioactivity of novel herbicides targeted ALS (Ⅶ): Quantitative structure-activity relationships of herbicidal sulfonylureas

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1999年第6期17卷 650-657,5页

作者：杨光富杨华铮 Institute of Organic Synthesis Central China Normal University Wuhan Hubei 430079 China Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

The quantitative relationship between the structures of 20 sulfonylureas and their herbicidal activities against rape was analyzed using physicochemical parameters and regression analysis. The results showed that the electronic properties of the molecules are the dominant factor to the activity and there is apparently an optimum electronic property (∑σ or pKa) for the molecules to fit the receptor. Combined with the previous QSAR results for herbicidal triazolopyrimidine-2-sulfonamides, we can conclude that the structure-activity relationships of these two sets of compounds are identical, which suggested that these two sets of compounds acted on the same target site.

关键词： ALS inhibitors QSAR sulfonylureas herbicides

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Fluorine-containing agrochemicals in the last decade and approaches for fluorine incorporation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第2期33卷 626-642页

作者： Qiang Wang Hongjian Song Qingmin Wang State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Research Institute of Elemento-Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden

In this review, the methodologies for fluorine incorporation of 40 fluorine-containing agrochemicals that received an international standardization organization(ISO) name during the last decade are described.The predominant approach for fluorine introduction of these agrochemicals is to use a fluorine-containing building block. Here we present how the fluorine-containing building blocks are introduced into these agrochemicals. The synthetic methods of fluorine-containing building blocks that are not easily available are also specifically discussed. Fluoroarenes, difluomethylarenes and trifluomethylarenes are the main building blocks that have been used in this review. Fluorine-containing small molecules, such as alcohol,amine, ketoester, olefin are also widely used. The only example of late-stage fluorination is the synthesis of fungicide quinofumelin. We believe the fluorine introduction methods described here can provide ideas for the development of new and economical pesticide synthetic routes, and stimulate researchers to develop new fluorine incorporation methods and create new pesticides.

关键词： Fluorine-containing agrochemicals Fluorine-containing building blocks Fluorine introduction Fungicides Insecticides herbicides

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