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Global multifaceted biodiversity patterns,centers,and conservation needs in angiosperms

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 817-828页

作者： Ao Luo Yaoqi Li Nawal Shrestha Xiaoting Xu Xiangyan Su Yichao Li Tong Lyu Kilara Waris Zhiyao Tang Xiaojuan Liu Luxiang Lin Yongsheng Chen Kuiling Zu Wenqi Song Shijia Peng Niklaus E.Zimmermann Loïc Pellissier Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100035China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland

The Convention on Biological Diversity seeks to conserve at least 30%of global land and water areas by 2030,which is a challenge but also an opportunity to better preserve biodiversity,including flowering plants(angiosperms).Herein,we compiled a large database on distributions of over 300,000 angiosperm species and the key functional traits of 67,024 *** this database,we constructed biodiversity-environment models to predict global patterns of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity in terrestrial angiosperms and provide a comprehensive mapping of the three diversity *** further evaluated the current protection status of the biodiversity centers of these diversity *** results showed that geographical patterns of the three facets of plant diversity exhibited substantial spatial mismatches and nonoverlapping conservation *** centers of functional diversity,particularly of herbaceous species,were primarily distributed in temperate regions and under weaker protection compared with other biodiversity centers of taxonomic and phylogenetic *** global assessment of multifaceted biodiversity patterns and centers highlights the insufficiency and unbalanced conservation among the three diversity facets and the two growth forms(woody ***),thus providing directions for guiding the future conservation of global plant diversity.

关键词： angiosperms species richness phylogenetic diversity functional diversity plant traits woody species herbaceous species

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Early response of understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce in the European lowland temperate forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Jan Marek Matuszkiewicz Andrzej N.Affek Piotr Zaniewski Ewa Kołaczkowska Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies University of WarsawPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of SciencesPoland Institute of Forest Sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland

Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated with mass occurrences of bark *** dieback of trees triggers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting in rapid changes in the vegetation of the lower forest *** aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory vegetation to the mass dieback of Norway spruce(Picea abies)in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle(Ips typographus)*** study area was the Białowieża Biosphere Reserve covering the Polish part of the emblematic Białowieża Forest,in total 597km^(2).The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociological relevés(combined spring and summer campaigns)collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018–the peak years of the bark beetle *** found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback,with the most pronounced changes observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent ***-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years following the mass spruce dieback,while hemicryptophytes,therophytes,light-demanding species associated with non-forest seminatural communities,as well as water-demanding forest species,*** acetosella,the most common understory species in the Białowieża Forest,showed a distinct fluctuation pattern,with strong short-term expansion right after spruce dieback,followed by a gradual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentage points lower than before the ***,our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species,and their responses can be directional and non-directional(fluctuation).Furthermore,we demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity(α-diversity).

关键词： Forest disturbance Bark beetle outbreak Picea abies Ips typographus Response of understory vegetation herbaceous species Biaowieza Forest

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Effect of canopy gap size and ecological factors on species diversity and beech seedlings in managed beech stands in Hyrcanian forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 217-222页

作者： Kambiz Abrari Vajari Hamid Jalilvand Mohammad Reza Pourmajidian Kambiz Espahbodi Alireza Moshki Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Research Center in Agricultural and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province Sari Iran Soil science of temperate and boreal ecosystems Institute Faculty of forest science and forest ecology Georg-August University of Goettingen Germany

We studied the species diversity of the herb layer and ecological factors in harvest-created gaps in beech stands under a single-tree selection system in Northern Iran. To determine diversity, the number of beech seedlings, and other ecological factors, 16 gaps were selected and subplots of 5 m2 were positioned at the centre and at the cardinal points of each gap. species richness and Simpson diversity index increased with increasing gap area as did numbers of seedlings. With increasing humus layer thickness, species richness declined but the Hill evenness index increased. species richness increased with increasing light availability. There was no relationship between crown radii of beech trees and diversity indices. Correlations between environmental factors and numbers of individuals of some species in the herb layer were not significant except in a few cases. The results help explain the effects of man-made gaps on the dynamics of managed beech stands and this benefits evaluation of silvicultural operating plans.

关键词： beech gap herbaceous species diversity Hyrcanian for- ests

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