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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 536-542页

作者： David H.BROMWICH Matthew A.LAZZARA Arthur M.CAYETTE Jordan G.POWERS Kirstin WERNER John J.CASSANO Steven R.COLWELL Scott CARPENTIER Xun ZOU Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Antarctic Meteorological Research Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53704USA Department of Physical Sciences Madison Area Technical CollegeMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA Naval Information Warfare Center CharlestonSouth Carolina 29406USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 53706USA Year of Polar Prediction(YOPP)International Coordination Office Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado 80309USA British Antarctic Survey Cambridge CB30ETUnited Kingdom Bureau of Meteorology Hobart 7001Australia

1. Overview In June 2021, the 16th Workshop on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate (WAMC) and the 6th Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern hemisphere (YOPP-SH) Meeting (http://polarmet.***.edu/WAMC;021/) were held online and hosted by the Polar Meteorology Group at Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio (Fig. 1).

关键词： Antarctic hemisphere Climate

Surface and tropospheric ozone trends in the Southern hemisphere since 1990: possible linkages to poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第6期64卷 400-409页

作者： Xiao Lu Lin Zhang Yuanhong Zhao Daniel J.Jacob Yongyun Hu Lu Hu Meng Gao Xiong Liu Irina Petropavlovskikh Audra McClure-Begley Richard Querel Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Department of Earth and Planetary Science Harvard University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Montana Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)

Increases in free tropospheric ozone over the past two decades are mainly in the Northern hemisphere that have been widely documented,while ozone trends in the Southern hemisphere(SH)remain largely unexplained.Here we first show that in-situ and satellite observations document increases of tropospheric ozone in the SH over 1990–2015.We then use a global chemical transport model to diagnose drivers of these trends.We find that increases of anthropogenic emissions(including methane)are not the most significant contributors.Instead,we explain the trend as due to changes in meteorology,and particularly in transport patterns.We propose a possible linkage of the ozone increases to meridional transport pattern shifts driven by poleward expansion of the SH Hadley circulation(SHHC).The SHHC poleward expansion allows more downward transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere at higher latitudes,and also enhances tropospheric ozone production through stronger lifting of tropical ozone precursors to the upper troposphere.These together may lead to increasing tropospheric ozone in the extratropical SH,particularly in the middle/upper troposphere and in austral autumn.Poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation is partly driven by greenhouse warming,and the associated increase in tropospheric ozone potentially provides a positive climate feedback amplifying the warming that merits further quantification.

关键词： Tropospheric ozone Ozone trend Southern hemisphere Hadley circulation poleward expansion Widening of the tropics

Pathways of Influence of the Northern hemisphere Mid–high Latitudes on East Asian Climate: A Review

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第9期36卷 902-921页

作者： Jianping LI Fei ZHENG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Jing WANG Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography–Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266003China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This paper reviews recent progress made by Chinese scientists on the pathways of influence of the Northern hemisphere mid-high latitudes on East Asian climate within the framework of a“coupled oceanic-atmospheric(land-atmospheric or seaice-atmospheric)bridge”and“chain coupled bridge”.Four major categories of pathways are concentrated upon,as follows:Pathway A—from North Atlantic to East Asia;Pathway B—from the North Pacific to East Asia;Pathway C—from the Arctic to East Asia;and Pathway D—the synergistic effects of the mid-high latitudes and tropics.In addition,definitions of the terms“combined effect”,“synergistic effect”and“antagonistic effect”of two or more factors of influence or processes and their criteria are introduced,so as to objectively investigate those effects in future research.

关键词： East Asian climate Northern hemisphere mid-high latitudes coupled oceanic-land-sea-ice-atmospheric bridge chain coupled bridge pathway synergistic effect

Responses and changes in the permafrost and snow water equivalent in the Northern hemisphere under a scenario of 1.5℃ warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2017年第4期8卷 235-244页

作者： KONG Ying WANG Cheng-Hai Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

In this study, the period that corresponds to the threshold of a 1.5℃ rise (relative to 1861e1880) in surface temperature is validated using a multi-model ensemble mean from 17 global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). On this basis, the changes in permafrost and snow cover in the Northern hemisphere are investigated under a scenario in which the global surface temperature has risen by 1.5℃, and the uncertainties of the results are further discussed. The results show that the threshold of 1.5℃ warming will be reached in 2027, 2026, and 2023 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5, respectively. When the global average surface temperature rises by 1.5℃, the southern boundary of the permafrost will move 1e3.5 northward (relative to 1986e2005), particularly in the southern Central Siberian Plateau. The permafrost area will be reduced by 3.43x106 km2 (21.12%), 3.91x106 km2 (24.1%) and 4.15x106 km2 (25.55%) relative to 1986e2005 in RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The snow water equivalent will decrease in over half of the regions in the Northern hemisphere but increase only slightly in the Central Siberian Plateau. The snow water equivalent will decrease significantly (more than 40% relative to 1986e2005) in central North America, western Europe, and northwestern Russia. The permafrost area in the QinghaieTibet Plateau will decrease by 0.15x106 km2 (7.28%), 0.18x 106 km2 (8.74%), and 0.17x106 km2 (8.25%), respectively, in RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5. The snow water equivalent in winter (DJF) and spring (MAM) over the QinghaieTibet Plateau will decrease by 14.9% and 13.8%, respectively.

关键词： Permafrost Snow water equivalent Northern hemisphere 1.5℃ global warming

Largest Optical Time-domain Survey Telescope in Northern hemisphere Goes into Operation

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2023年第3期37卷 140-142页

作者： SONG Jianlan 不详

The new Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST),located on the summit of Saishiteng Mountain,Lenghu Town,Qinghai Province of China,officially went into operation on September 17th,and released its first-light image-a portrait of the Andromeda galaxy,an object 2.5 million light years away from the Earth.Capable of surveying the whole northern sky in just three days,the 2.5-meter-aperture WFST now ranks the largest optical time-domain survey facility in the northern hemisphere.

关键词： surveying galaxy hemisphere

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SSTA IMPACTS UPON THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION OF THE CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOWS IN EASTERN hemisphere

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2013年第3期19卷 223-232页

作者：曾刚孙照渤邓伟涛林朝晖李春晖 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Tropical Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

Impacts of regional sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies on the interdecadal variation of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)in Eastern hemisphere are studied using numerical simulations with a global atmospheric circulation model(NCAR CAM3)driven with 1950-2000 monthly SSTs in different marine areas(the globe,extratropics,tropics,tropical Indian Ocean-Pacific,and tropical Pacific)and ERA-40reanalysis data.Results show that all simulations,except the one driven with extratropical SSTs,can simulate the interdecadal strengthening of CEFs around Somali,120oE,and 150oE that occurred in the midand late-1970s.Among those simulated CEFs,the interdecadal variability in Somali and its interdecadal relationship with the East Asian summer monsoon are in better agreement with the observations,suggesting that changes in the SSTs of tropical oceans,especially the tropical Pacific,play a crucial role in the interdecadal variability of CEFs in Somali.The interdecadal change of CEFs in Somali is highly associated with the interdecadal variation of tropical Pacific SST.As the interdecadal warmer(colder)SST happens in the tropical Pacific,a"sandwich"pattern of SST anomalies,i.e."+,-,+"("-,+,-"),will occur in the eastern tropical Pacific from north to south with a pair of anomalous anticyclone(cyclone)at the lower troposphere;the pair links to another pair of anomalous cyclone(anticyclone)in the tropical Indian Ocean through an atmospheric bridge,and thus strengthens(weakens)the CEFs in Somali.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow in Eastern hemisphere numerical simulation interdecadal variation sea surface temperature anomaly

Study on Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer from a hemisphere with Uniform Heat Flux Surface

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第2期28卷 232-245页

作者： ZHANG Jian LIU Jie LU Wenqiang School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

By employing the modified model based on Bejan et al., laminar natural convection heat transfer from a hemisphere with uniform heat flux surface has been numerically investigated. Extensive results of two different surface boundary conditions are obtained for a wide range of Grashof numbers(10 ≤ Gr ≤ 10~7) and Prandlt number of 0.72. The characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow are analyzed in terms of isotherm contours and streamline patterns, radial and tangential velocities, dimensionless temperature profiles, local friction and pressure drag coefficients, as well as local and average Nusselt numbers. Meanwhile, the effects of Grashof number and adiabatic surface on flow motion and heat transfer have been studied. No recirculation zone or flow separation generates over the top of the hemisphere compared to the isothermal sphere. Owing to the curvature effect, the maximum values of local friction and pressure drag coefficients appear at the corner point B. Comparisons with the previous results are also reported in detail. All the results are in good agreement with the numerical data. Moreover, both local and average Nusselt numbers show a positive dependence on Grashof number. The values of the non-adiabatic case are smaller than that of the adiabatic case due to the preheating effect. Finally, two precise and general correlations of average Nusselt number varying with Grashof numbers have been presented, which can provide an effective prediction for the heat transfer rate in engineering applications, and offer academic values for the future research.

关键词： numerical simulation natural convection hemisphere uniform heat flux heat transfer correlations

Simulation of the Northern and Southern hemisphere Annular Modes by CAMS-CSM

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 934-948页

作者： Sulan NAN Junli YANG Yan BAO Jian LI Xinyao RONG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Numerical Prediction Center National Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Binjiang College Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyWuxi 214105

As leading modes of the planetary-scale atmospheric circulation in the extratropics, the Northern hemisphere(NH)annular mode(NAM) and Southern hemisphere(SH) annular mode(SAM) are important components of global circulation, and their variabilities substantially impact the climate in mid-high latitudes. A 35-yr(1979-2013) simulation by the climate system model developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS-CSM) was carried out based on observed sea surface temperature and sea ice data. The ability of CAMS-CSM in simulating horizontal and vertical structures of the NAM and SAM, relation of the NAM to the East Asian climate, and temporal variability of the SAM is examined and validated against the observational data. The results show that CAMS-CSM captures the zonally symmetric and out-of-phase variations of sea level pressure anomaly between the midlatitudes and polar zones in the extratropics of the NH and SH. The model has also captured the equivalent barotropic structure in tropospheric geopotential height and the meridional shifts of the NH and SH jet systems associated with the NAM and SAM anomalies. Furthermore, the model is able to reflect the variability of northern and southern Ferrel cells corresponding to the NAM and SAM anomalies. The model reproduces the observed relationship of the boreal winter NAM with the East Asian trough and air temperature over East Asia. It also captures the upward trend of the austral summer SAM index during recent decades. However, compared with the observation, the model shows biases in both the intensity and center locations of the NAM's and SAM's horizontal and vertical structures. Specifically, it overestimates their intensities.

关键词： CAMS-CSM model evaluation annular mode Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere

Precipitation variation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by the tree rings since 850 AD and its relevance to the Northern hemisphere temperature

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 408-420页

作者： John K. Kutzbach Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison 53706 USA

Three well-dated Sabina Przewalskii ring-width chronologies from Dulan, China, have been used to reconstruct annual precipitation (from prior July to current June) variations on the northeast Tibetan Plateau since 850 AD. The reconstructions account of the instrumentally recorded precipitation variance are: 54.7% for the period of 1385-2000AD; 50.5% for 1099-1384AD and 45.7% for 850-1098AD. On the millenary scale, the precipitation variation over this region displays “W” shape, which has three peaks and two valleys. The precipitation is low during 1571-1879 AD, and high during 1880-2000 AD. 1900-2000 AD is the century with the highest precipitation over the northeast Tibetan Plateau in the last 1000 years, and 1962-2000 is the period with the highest pre- cipitation, and the highest variability of precipitation as well in the last 1000 years. The reconstructed series also reveals that the variability of annual precipitation is large when the precipitation is more, and contrarily, variability is small when the precipitation is low. With the temperature increasing obvi- ously in the 20th century, the precipitation in the study region significantly increased too, the variability of precipitation became larger, and drought and flooding occurred more frequently. The yearly tree-ring width (high frequency signal) series in this region reflects the local annually precipitation variation. However, the series with 40-year moving average (low frequency signal) cor- responds to the Northern hemisphere temperature variations on the decadal to centurial scale. It correlates significantly with seven temperature curves of the Northern hemisphere in the different time spans. For example, the correlation coefficients with the most temperature curves are around 0.9 during the period of 1852-1982 AD. In general, the temperature and the precipitation change syn- chronously in the Dulan region. It means that low temperature corresponds to low precipitation, andvice versa. This relationship may indicate that the climatic pattern is th

关键词： Dulan China, Sabina Przewalskii, annual precipitation, the Northern hemisphere temperature.

Historical Course Follows Climate Change: Patterns of the Northern hemisphere — From Peoples’ Migration until the Industrial Revolution (3<sup>rd</sup>-18<sup>th</sup>Century)

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第13期8卷 1167-1194页

作者： Werner Schneider Elias Salameh Technical University of Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany University of Jordan Amman Jordan

This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]. Its intention focuses on the correlation of interplaying natural processes (i.e. solar energy variation, aerosols, oceanic currents, volcanism as part of plate tectonics, heat flow) with social/political evidence through the time-span of Peoples’ Migration until Industrial Revolution (3rd-18th Century). The time-span comprises the cool/wet/respectively dry climate phase of the P.M. (260-550), a Climate Optimum (600-1.100 A.D.) owning a final Thermal Maximum (1.100-1.260 A.D.) and the “little Ice Age” (1.350-1.800 A.D.), the latter intercalated by the Spörer Minimum (1.460-1.550 A.D.) and the Maunder Minimum (1.650-1.720 A.D.). Thereby, an average temperature difference of 1.0°C - 2.0°C seems sufficient for incising climatic/cultural consequences [2]. It has become obvious that a Climate Optimum primarily provides constructive life conditions;however with a problematic final as the following “Effect-Chain” tells: balanced agricultural/cultural population growth → rich harvests → satisfying nourishment → health, encouragement → overpopulation under favorable materialistic conditions → increasing stress → lack of food, high prices → revolts → migration. In contrast, cool/wet/resp. dry conditions originate destructive/depressive conditions (see Peoples’ Migration) which initiate the following “Effect Chain”: bad agricultural conditions → poor/no harvesting → famine → disease, growing death rate → social, political revolts, wars → human cruelties with psychic/religious background (inquisition, witch-combustion → general chaos (30 yr-war) → death, migration (maritime endeavors, colonization). Furthermore, it should be stressed that volcanic aerosols play besides the solar influx variation—an important role on climate/cultural change [3]. However, the effects of oceanic currents’ heat flow of Mi

关键词： Little Ice Age Climate-Change Social/Political Concern Psychic/Spiritual Implication Volcanism Plate Tectonics Peoples’ Migration Northern hemisphere Natural/Cultural Effect-Chains Science Criticism