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Determination of Chilling and heat requirements of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars

Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第7期8卷 803-807页

作者： Majid Rahemi Zahra Pakkish Department of Horticultural Science Shiraz University Department of Horticultural Science Shahid Bahonar University

Determination of chilling and heat requirements of pistachio （Pistacia vera L.） cultivars is important for satisfactory growth and development, particularly when large-scale commercial production is desired. This experiment was conducted to determine chilling requirement inducing vegetative and flower buds of Kalle-Ghuchi, Owhadi, Ahmad-Ahgaei, and Akbari pistachio. Shoots with enough vegetative and flower buds were taken from pistachio trees during autumn 2007 and 2008 when temperature reached to 15°C. Cuttings with flower buds were kept under （5 ± 1）°C for 0, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1 000, 1 050, 1 100, 1 150, 1 200, 1 250, and 1 300 h, respectively, and cuttings with vegetative buds were kept at 51°C until 1 500 h. The results indicated that pistachio cultivars requite chilling time between 750-1 400 h and heat requirements between 8 852-15 420 growing degree hours （GDH）. Consequently, Kalle-Ghuchi had the lowest chilling （750-950 h）, and heat （8 852-9 768 GDH） requirements, Ahmad-Aghaei and Owhadi had intermediate （1 000-1 250 h, 10 656- 13 320 GDH） and Akbari had the highest chilling （1 200-1 400 h） and heat （11 863-15 420 GDH） requirement.

关键词： chilling requirement heat requirement pistachio

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The Efficiency Analysis of the Exhaust Air heat Pump System

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第13期6卷 1037-1045页

作者： Alo Mikola Teet-Andrus Koiv Department of Environmental Engineering Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn Estonia

This paper is based on long term parameter measurements of the exhaust air heat pumps (EAHP) system in a new built apartment building. The building was equipped with an exhaust air ventilation system and exhaust air heat pump for ventilation heat recover. The results of the measurements show that the COP of the EAHP is mainly related to the temperature graph of the heating system and the supply temperature of domestic hot water (DWH). During the measurement period some other impact factors, such as the quality of maintenance, the nighttime temperature graph of the heating system, the reduction of the exhaust air flows in case of low temperatures, mistakes in designing and low building quality, have also played a role. An analysis of energy consumption shows that in winter conditions the COP is about 3.0 and in the transition period about 3.3. The energy recovery value of the EAHP is 0.5.

关键词： heat Pump Exhaust Air heat Pump heat Recovery heat requirement COP The Coefficient of Performance

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The Application of the Ground Source and Air-to-Water heat Pumps in Cold Climate Areas

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第7期4卷 473-481页

作者： Kaspar Tennokese Teet-Andrus Koiv Alo Mikola Villu Vares Department of Environmental Engineering Tallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia

This article gives an overview of using the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A&WHP) in cold climate areas for heating and for domestic hot water production of buildings. Computer simulation and analysis were carried out for a typical detached house, with 200 m2 of living area, the heat demand of 9 kW and the average heat demand for DHW production of 1 kW. In heating period the average Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the A&WHP is considerably lower than COP of the GSHP.

关键词： Ground Source heat Pump Air-Water heat Pump heat requirement COP

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