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SPSI:A Novel Composite Index for Estimating Panicle Number in Winter Wheat before heading from UAV Multispectral Imagery

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 642-656页

作者： Yapeng Wu Wenhui Wang Yangyang Gu Hengbiao Zheng Xia Yao Yan Zhu Weixing Cao Tao Cheng National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture(NETCIA) MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision MakingMOE Engineering Research Center of Smart AgricultureJiangsu Key Laboratory for Information AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityOne WeigangNanjingJiangsu 210095PR China Langfang Normal University 100 Aimin West RoadLangfangHebei 065000PR China

Rapid and accurate estimation of panicle number per unit ground area(PNPA)in winter wheat before heading is crucial to evaluate yield potential and regulate crop growth for increasing the final yield.The accuracies of existing methods were low for estimating PNPA with remotely sensed data acquired before heading since the spectral saturation and background effects were ignored.This study proposed a spectral-textural PNPA sensitive index(SPSI)from unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multispectral imagery for reducing the spectral saturation and improving PNPA estimation in winter wheat before heading.The effect of background materials on PNPA estimated by textural indices(TIs)was examined,and the composite index SPSI was constructed by integrating the optimal spectral index(SI)and TI.Subsequently,the performance of SPSI was evaluated in comparison with other indices(SI and TIs).The results demonstrated that green-pixel TIs yielded better performances than all-pixel TIs apart from TI_([HOM]),TI_([ENT]),and TI_([SEM])among all indices from 8 types of textural features.SPSI,which was calculated by the formula DATT_([850,730,675])+NDTICOR_([850,730]),exhibited the highest overall accuracies for any date in any dataset in comparison with DATT_([850,730,675]),TINDRE_([MEA]),and NDTICOR_([850,730]).For the unified models assembling 2 experimental datasets,the RV^(2) values of SPSI increased by 0.11 to 0.23,and both RMSE and RRMSE decreased by 16.43%to 38.79%as compared to the suboptimal index on each date.These findings indicated that the SPSI is valuable in reducing the spectral saturation and has great potential to better estimate PNPA using high-resolution satellite imagery.

关键词： heading Wheat indices

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The mutation of ent-kaurene synthase,a key enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis,confers a non-heading phenotype to Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 321-330页

作者： Yue Gao Shengnan Huang Gaoyang Qu Wei Fu Meidi Zhang Zhiyong Liu Hui Feng Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops College of HorticultureShenyang Agricultural University110866 ShenyangChina

The presence of a leafy head is a vital agronomic trait that facilitates the evaluation of the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.A non-heading mutant(nhm1)was identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis population of the heading Chinese cabbage double haploid line FT.Segregation analysis revealed that a single recessive gene,Brnhm1,controlled the mutant phenotype.Using MutMap,Kompetitive allele-specific PCR,and cloning analyses,we demonstrated that BraA07g042410.3C,which encodes an ent-kaurene synthase involved in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway,is the nhm1 mutant candidate gene.A single-nucleotide mutation(C to T)in the fourth exon of BraA07g042410.3C caused an amino acid substitution from histidine to tyrosine.Compared to that of the wild-type FT,BraA07g042410.3C in the leaves of the nhm1 mutant had lower levels of expression.In addition,gibberellin contents were lower in the mutant than in the wild type,and the mutant plant phenotype could be restored to that of the wild type after exogenous GA3 treatment.These results indicate that BraA07g042410.3C caused the non-heading mutation.This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between gibberellin content in the leaves and leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.These findings facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying leafy head development in Chinese cabbage.

关键词： substitution methane heading

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A chromosome-level reference genome of nonheading Chinese cabbage[Brassica campestris(syn.Brassica rapa)ssp.chinensis]

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Ying Li Gao-Feng Liu Li-Ming Ma Tong-Kun Liu Chang-Wei Zhang Dong Xiao Hong-Kun Zheng Fei Chen Xi-Lin Hou State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(East China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.ChinaEngineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural CropMinistry of Education of the P.R.ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Biomarker Technologies Corporation Beijing 101300China

Non-heading Chinese cabbage(NHCC)is an important leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide.Here,we report the first high-quality,chromosome-level genome of NHCC001 based on PacBio,Hi-C,and Illumina sequencing data.The assembled NHCC001 genome is 405.33 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 2.83 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 38.13 Mb.Approximately 53%of the assembled genome is composed of repetitive sequences,among which long terminal repeats(LTRs,20.42%of the genome)are the most abundant.Using Hi-C data,97.9%(396.83 Mb)of the sequences were assigned to 10 pseudochromosomes.Genome assessment showed that this B.rapa NHCC001 genome assembly is of better quality than other currently available B.rapa assemblies and that it contains 48,158 protein-coding genes,99.56%of which are annotated in at least one functional database.Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that B.rapa NHCC001 underwent a whole-genome triplication(WGT)event shared with other Brassica species that occurred after the WGD events shared with Arabidopsis.Genes related to ascorbic acid metabolism showed little variation among the three B.rapa subspecies.The numbers of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and catabolism were higher in NHCC001 than in Chiifu and Z1,due primarily to tandem duplication.The newly assembled genome will provide an important resource for research on B.rapa,especially B.rapa ssp.chinensis.

关键词： heading fir cultivated

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Mapping of Hd-6-2 for heading Date Using Two Secondary Segregation Populations in Rice

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Rice science 2018年第3期25卷 161-168页

作者： ZHANG Hua LIU Xu YANG Yongyi XUAN Ning YAO Fangyin Bio-Tech Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

heading date is one of the most important traits for rice adaption to different cultivation areas and crop seasons. In this study, two single segment substitution lines(SSSLs), W31-41-61-3-11-3-6-7(W31-SSSL) and W32-59-80-2-11-1-10(W32-SSSL) with substituted intervals derived from the donor parents IR66897 B(W31) and IR66167-27-5-1-6(W32), respectively, with Huajingxian 74(HTX74) were found to comprise a gene for extremely late-heading date, and the gene was tentatively designated as Hd-6-2. Two secondary F2 segregating populations were developed by crossing the two heterozygous SSSLs with HJX74 to map Hd-6-2 gene. According to phenotype analysis of the two mapping populations, the late heading date trait was controlled by a major recessive gene. In the segregation population derived from W31-SSSL, Hd-6-2 was mapped on chromosome 6 between PSM677 and RM204 with the genetic distances of 1.3 and 2.7 c M, respectively. In the population of W32-SSSL, the gene for heading date was mapped to the similar region as Hd-6-2 and co-segregated with PSM672. The sequence alignment of Hd3 a in the coding domains and promoter regions of HJX74 and W31-SSSL are completely consistent, whereas there was a great difference between W32-SSSL and HJX74, suggesting that Hd3 a could hardly be the main cause of the heading date variation in W31-SSSL, but it was probably the main reason for the change of heading stage in W32-SSSL.

关键词： rice single segment substitution line heading date gene mapping Hd3a

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Hydrogen sulfide promotes flowering in heading Chinese cabbage by S-sulfhydration of BraFLCs

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 452-462页

作者： Xiaoli Ma Liping Zhang Zhuoya Pei Linlin Zhang Zhiqiang Liu Danmei Liu Xuefeng Hao Zhuping Jin Yanxi Pei School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Lab oratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi Province 030006China Department of Biological Science and Technology Jinzhong UniversityJinzhongShanxi Province 030619China Department of Biology Taiyuan Normal UniversityJinzhongShanxi Province 030619China

heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.syn.B.campestris L.ssp.chinensis Makino var.pekinensis(Rupr.)J.Cao et Sh.Cao)is a cruciferous Brassica vegetable that has a triplicate genome,owing to an ancient genome duplication event.It is unclear whether the duplicated homologs have conserved or diversi fied functions.Hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)is a plant gasotransmitter that plays important physiological roles in growth,development,and responses to environmental stresses.The modification of cysteines through S-sulfhydration is an important mechanism of H_(2)S,which regulates protein functions.H?S promotes flowering in Arabidopsis and heading Chinese cabbage.Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of H_(2)S used to promote flowering in the latter.Four,five,and four BraFLC,BraSOC I,and BraFT homologs were identi fi ed in heading Chinese cabbage.Different BraFLC proteins were bound to different CArG boxes in the promoter regions of the BraSOC I and BraFT homologs,producing different binding patterns.Thus,there may be functionally diverse BraFLC homologs in heading Chinese cabbage.Exogenous H_(2)S at 100μmol L^(-1) significantly promoted flowering by compensating for insuf fi cient vernalization.BraFLC 1 and BraFLC_(3) underwent S-sulfhydration by H_(2)S,after which their abilities to bind most BraSOC I or BraFT promoter probes weakened or even disappeared.These changes in binding ability were consistent with the expression pattern of the BraFT and BraSOC I homologs in seedlings treated with H_(2)S.These results indicated that H_(2)S signaling regulates flowering time.In summary,H_(2)S signaling promoted plant flowering by weakening or eliminating the binding abilities of BraFLCs to downstream promoters through S-sulfhydration.

关键词： hydration heading flowering

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Genetic Analysis of heading Date of Japonica Rice Cultivars in Southwest China

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Rice science 2011年第4期18卷 287-296页

作者： Zhen-ling ZHOU Xiang-jin WEI Ling JIANG Kai LIU Da-yong XU Hu-qu ZHAI Jian-min WAN State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lianyungang 222006 China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

heading date of 26 native japonica rice cultivars in southwest China was investigated,and their basic vegetative growth(BVG),photoperiod-sensitivity(PS) and temperature-sensitivity(TS) were analyzed under artificial short-day and natural long-day conditions in Nanjing,as well as artificial high-temperature and natural low-temperature conditions in winter in Hainan.The results showed that the PS and TS varied among different cultivars.The BVG of all the japonica cultivars was well situated,but differed withi...

关键词： rice heading date genetic analysis photoperiod sensitivity temperature sensitivity basic vegetative growth southwest China

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cDNA-AFLP analysis reveals differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between infected non-heading Chinese cabbage and Hyaloperonospora parasitica

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 148-156页

作者： Dong Xiao Shi-Tuo Liu Yan-Ping Wei Dao-Yun Zhou Xi-Lin Hou Ying Li Chun-Mei Hu Horticulture Department College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of AgricultureNanjing 210095China

Non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis)is one of the main green leafy vegetables in the world,especially in China,with significant economic value.Hyaloperonospora parasitica is a fungal pathogen responsible for causing downy mildew disease in Chinese cabbage,which greatly affects its production.The objective of this study was to identify transcriptionally regulated genes during incompatible interactions between non-heading Chinese cabbage and H.parasitica using complementary DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP).We obtained 129 reliable differential transcript-derived fragments(TDFs)in a resistant line‘Suzhou Qing’.Among them,121 upregulated TDFs displayed an expression peak at 24–48 h post inoculation(h.p.i.).Fifteen genes were further selected for validation of cDNA-AFLP expression patterns using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results confirmed the altered expression patterns of 13 genes(86.7%)revealed by the cDNA-AFLP.We identified four TDFs related to fungal resistance among the 15 TDFs.Furthermore,comparative analysis of four TDFs between resistant line‘Suzhou Qing’and susceptible line‘Aijiao Huang’showed that transcript levels of TDF14(BcLIK1_A01)peaked at 48 h.***.i.and 25.1-fold increased in the resistant line compared with the susceptible line.Similarly,transcript levels of the other three genes,TDF42(BcCAT3_A07),TDF75(BcAAE3_A06)and TDF88(BcAMT2_A05)peaked at 24,48 and 24 h.***.i.with 25.1-,100-and 15.8-fold increases,respectively.The results suggested that the resistance genes tended to transcribe at higher levels in the resistance line than in the susceptible line,which may provide resistance against pathogen infections.The present study might facilitate elucidating the molecular basis of the infection process and identifying candidate genes for resistance improvement of susceptible cultivars.

关键词： heading analysis interaction

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BcBRC1a is a negative regulator for tillering in non-heading Chinese cabbage

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Vegetable Research 2022年第1期2卷 98-105页

作者： Yan Long Tianzi Zhao Lanlan Xu Wei Zhang Feiyi Huang Jianjun Wang Xilin Hou Ying Li State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Shoot branching is a decisive factor for crop yield.Molecular mechanism for regulating shoot branching(tillering)needs to be determined.Plenty of previous studies have illustrated that BRANCHED1(BRC1)is a key integrator of shoot branching regulating signals.However,BcBRC1 function in non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)(NHCC)remains unknown.Here,we defined two BRC1 orthologs,BcBRC1a and BcBRC1b,from NHCC and focused on the BcBRC1a gene to describe its alternative splicing characteristic and structure.BcBRC1a was expressed rhythmically and mainly in leaf axils at the'Maertou'cultivar tillering stage.BcBRC1aL encoded a nuclear location protein.Its ectopic expression caused Arabidopsis growth inhibition and silencing BcBRC1a led to increased tiller numbers in'Maertou'.Removing the shoot tips of NHCC caused axillary buds to be released from apical dominance and BcBRC1a expression down-regulation.Our research determined that BcBRC1a acts as a negative regulator for tillering in non-heading Chinese cabbage and sets the foundation for further studies.

关键词： heading structure. cultivar

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What’s the health of the Business Aviation marketplace heading into Q4?

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今日民航 2019年第5期 94-95页

作者： Rolland Vincent 不详

Depending upon the data,the so-called Business Aviation’recovery’has now been underway for the past nine to 10 years,through ups and downs,and twists and turns.Good news:new business jet sales have been quite robust through the first half of 2019,with OEMs recording book-to-bills above 1.0 and finally beginning to replenish backlogs,which had been slowly declining over the past several years.

关键词： What’s the health of the Business Aviation marketplace heading into Q4

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The Global Optimization of the UAV heading Controller Parameters Based on the Improved Genetic Algorithm

The Global Optimization of the UAV Heading Controller Parame...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Theory and Information Security(ICITIS 2011)

作者： Weiping Zhao 1) Zhanshuang Hu 2) Ming Yang 1) 1) Shenyang Aerospace University General aviation key laboratory Shen Yang China 2) Shenyang Aerospace University Electronics and Information Engineering ShenYang China

In this paper,the genetic algorithm is introduced into the small uavs heading control problem,using genetic algorithm to global optimization of PID parameters.on the basis of stability of the Roll Angle control inner loop,Get feedback signal of course Angle and Constitute the controller parameters of flying heading stable outer loop.According to the diversity of the individuals attenuate too fast,easy to fall into local optimum’s characteristics in the genetic algorithm,to make sure the diversity of the individual and the quickness of optimization.necessary improvements has been done to the genetic algorithm.The simulation results:The improved genetic algorithm design the PID controller has better adaptability,flexibility,stability and can ensure the control effect of the system,improve the system performance.The simulation results verify that the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： UAV heading improved genetic algorithm PID

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