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Distributed Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Cellular Massive MIMO Under UE hardware impairments

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第5期33卷 1274-1285页

作者： Ning LI Pingzhi FAN School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University

This paper first investigates and compares the uplink spectral efficiency(SE) of distributed cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO) and cellular mMIMO networks, both with user equipment(UE)hardware impairments. We derive a lower bound on the uplink ergodic channel capacity of the cellular mMIMO with UE hardware impairments, based on which we determine the optimal receive combining that maximizes the instantaneous effective signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio. Then, a lower bound on the uplink capacity of a distributed cellfree mMIMO with UE hardware impairments is derived using the use-and-then-forget technique. On this basis, the optimum large-scale fading decoding vector is found using generalized Rayleigh entropy. By using three combining schemes of minimum mean-square error(MMSE), regularized zero-forcing(RZF), and maximum ratio, the uplink SEs of distributed cell-free mMIMO and cellular mMIMO networks are analyzed and compared. The results show that the two-layer decoding distributed cell-free mMIMO network with MMSE combining outperforms the cellular mMIMO network, and the advantage is more evident as the hardware impairment factor increases. Finally, the uplink energy efficiency(EE) of the distributed cell-free mMIMO networks is analyzed and evaluated through the established realistic power consumption model with hardware impairments. Simulation results show that two-layer decoding provides higher SE and EE than single-layer decoding. In addition, RZF achieves almost the same SE and EE as MMSE in a two-layer decoding architecture.

关键词： Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) Cell-free mMIMO Cellular mMIMO hardware impairments Uplink Energy efficiency Optimal receive combining Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) Cell-free mMIMO Spectral efficiency Spectral efficiency hardware impairments Uplink Energy efficiency Optimal receive combining ENERGY EFFICIENCY SYSTEMS NETWORKS DESIGN UPLINK PERFORMANCE

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Spectral Efficiency of Superimposed Pilots in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with hardware impairments

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China Communications 2021年第6期18卷 146-161页

作者： Yao Zhang Meng Zhou Haitao Zhao Longxiang Yang Hongbo Zhu The Department of Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China

In this paper,the spectral efficiency(SE)of an uplink hardware-constrained cell-free massive multi-input multi-output(MIMO)system with maximal ratio combining(MRC)receiver filters in the context of superimposed pilots(SPs)is *** closed-form SE expressions for the considered system are derived,which share us with opportunities to explore the impacts of the hardware quality coefficient,the length of coherence interval,and the power balance factor between pilot and data *** results indicate that the achievable SE deteriorates as the hardware quality decreases and is more susceptible to the hardware impairments at the user equipments(UEs).Besides,we observe that SPs outperform regular pilots(RPs)in terms of SE and this performance gain is heavily dependent on the values of power balance factor and coherence ***,the superiorities of SPs over RPs have vanished when severe hardware imperfections are considered.

关键词： cell-free massive MIMO hardware impairments superimposed pilots spectral efficiency

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Secrecy Outage Probability for Two-Way Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks with hardware impairments

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第6期135卷 2515-2530页

作者： Xiaoting Ren Kefeng Guo College of Public Management China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China School of Space Information Space Engineering UniversityBeijing101407China

In this paper,we investigate the secrecy outage performance for the two-way integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks with hardware ***,the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is ***,to get more information on the secrecy outage probability in a high signalto-noise regime,the asymptotic analysis along with the secrecy diversity order and secrecy coding gain for the secrecy outage probability are also further obtained,which presents a fast method to evaluate the impact of system parameters and hardware impairments on the considered ***,Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to show the efficiency of the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks two-way unmanned aerial vehicle relay hardware impairments secrecy outage probability(SOP) asymptotic SOP

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System Outage Probability and Diversity Analysis of a SWIPT Based Two-Way DF Relay Network Under Transceiver hardware impairments

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中国通信:英文版 2023年第10期20卷 120-135页

作者： Guangyue Lu Zhipeng Liu Yinghui Ye Xiaoli Chu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security Xi’an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsShaanxi 710061China Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of SheffieldU.K.

This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all transceivers are *** harvesting energy and decoding messages simultaneously via a power splitting scheme,the energy-limited relay node forwards the decoded information to both *** terminal combines the signals from the direct and relaying links via selection *** derive the system outage probability under independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading *** reveals an overall system ceiling(OSC)effect,i.e.,the system falls in outage if the target rate exceeds an OSC threshold that is determined by the levels of ***,we derive the diversity gain of the considered *** result reveals that when the transmission rate is below the OSC threshold,the achieved diversity gain equals the sum of the shape parameter of the direct link and the smaller shape parameter of the terminalto-relay links;otherwise,the diversity gain is *** is different from the amplify-and-forward(AF)strategy,under which the relaying links have no contribution to the diversity *** results validate the analytical results and reveal that compared with the AF strategy,the SWIPT based two-way relaying links under the DF strategy are more robust to HIs and achieve a lower system outage probability.

关键词： decode-and-forward relay diversity gain hardware impairments simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system outage probability

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Exploiting the Direct Link in IRS Assisted NOMA Networks with hardware impairments

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第7期136卷 767-785页

作者： Ziwei Liu Xinwei Yue Shuo Chen Xuliang Liu Yafei Wang Wanwei Tang Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement&Control Technology Ministry of EducationSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringBeijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing100101China The Party Committee Office Yellow River Conservancy Technical InstituteKaifeng475001China Tangshan University Tangshan063000China

hardware impairments(HI)are always present in low-cost wireless *** paper investigates the outage behaviors of intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)assisted non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)networks by taking into account the impact of ***,we derive the approximate and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability for the IRS-NOMA-HI *** on the asymptotic results,the diversity orders under perfect self-interference cancellation and imperfect self-interference cancellation scenarios are obtained to evaluate the performance of the considered *** addition,the system throughput of IRS-NOMA-HI is discussed in delay-limited *** obtained results are provided to verify the accuracy of the theoretical analyses and reveal that:1)The outage performance and system throughput for IRS-NOMA-HI outperforms that of the IRS-assisted orthogonal multiple access-HI(IRS-OMA-HI)networks;2)The number of IRS elements,the pass loss factors,the Rician factors,and the value of HI are pivotal to enhancing the performance of IRS-NOMAHI networks;and 3)It is recommended that effective methods of reducing HI should be used to ensure system performance,in addition to self-interference cancellation techniques.

关键词： hardware impairments imperfect SIC intelligent reflecting surface non-orthogonal multiple access outage probability

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Performance analysis and low complexity receiver design for extra-large scale MIMO systems with residual hardware impairments

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2023年第2期30卷 18-25,35页

作者： Lu Chang Fang Yuan Qiu Ling Liang Xiaowen School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China Future Network of the Intelligence Institute and School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenShenzhen 518172China

The research purpose of this paper is focused on investigating the performance of extra-large scale massive multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)systems with residual hardware *** closed-form expression of the achievable rate under the match filter(MF)receiving strategy was derived and the influence of spatial non-stationarity and residual hardware impairments on the system performance was *** order to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)of the systems in the presence of hardware impairments,a hardware impairments-aware minimum mean squared error(HIA-MMSE)receiver was ***,the stair Neumann series approximation was used to reduce the computational complexity of the HIA-MMSE receiver,which can avoid matrix *** results demonstrate the tightness of the derived analytical expressions and the effectiveness of the low complexity HIA-MMSE(LC-HIA-MMSE)receiver.

关键词： extra-large scale massive multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO) hardware impairments spatial non-stationarity linear receiver stair Neumann series

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Multipair two-way massive MIMO AF relaying with ZFR/ZFT and hardware impairments over high-altitude platforms

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2016年第3期1卷 105-114页

作者： SUN Xiaoli XU Kui XU Youyun MA Wenfeng PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210007China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023China

HAPs(High-Altitude Platforms)are one of the most promising alternative infrastructures for providing wireless communications to overcome the shortcomings of terrestrial-tower-based and satellite *** paper investigates a multipair two-way MM-AF(Massive MIMO Amplify-and-Forward)relay system over HAPs,where multiple user pairs exchange information within a pair through a relay with a very large number of antennas,and a HAP channel is modeled to follow a Rician fading distribution because of the presence of a line-of-sight ***,the effect of hardware impairments on a multipair two-way MM-AF system is taken into consideration and is modeled using transmit and receive distortion ***,ZFR/ZFT(Zero-Forcing Reception/Zero-Forcing Transmission)processing matrices of HDR(Half-Duplex Relaying)and FDR(Full-Duplex Relaying)with imperfect channel state information are ***,the asymptotic expressions of an end-to-end SINR are *** analyses and simulation results show that when the number of relay antennas grows very large,the SE(Spectral Efficiency)of an MM-AF relay system is limited by hardware impairments at the users instead of those at the relay,or by other types of ***,the quality of the hardware at a relay can be decreased without significantly degrading performance.

关键词： massive MIMO half-duplex full-duplex Rician fading channels hardware impairments

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Performance Analysis and Power Control of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with hardware impairments

Performance Analysis and Power Control of Cell-Free Massive ...

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2018中国信息通信大会(CICC2018)

作者： Jiayi Zhang Yinghua Wei Emil Bj?rnson Yu Han Shi Jin

As an interesting network architecture for future wireless communication systems,cell-free（CF）massive multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO）distributes an excess number of access points（APs）with single or multiple antennas to coop-eratively communicate with several user equipments（UEs）.To realize CF massive MIMO in production,hardware impairments become a crucial problem since cheaper and low-quality antennas are needed to ensure economic and energy *** this paper,we propose a framework for performance analysis in CF massive MIMO with classical hardware distortion *** downlink,closed-form spectral efficiency expressions are *** on these results,we provide significant insights into the practical impact of hardware impairments on CF massive *** example,the impact of hardware distortion at the APs asymptotically ***,in order to ensure uniformly good service to the users,we propose a max-min power control algorithm to maximize the minimum UE *** analytical and numerical results,we prove that CF massive MIMO can tolerate hardware impairments without performance reduction.

关键词： CF massive MIMO spectral efficiency energy efficiency power control hardware impairments

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Impact of non-ideal UE hardware on cell-free massive MIMO network with centralized operation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 255-271页

作者： Ning LI Pingzhi FAN Institute of Mobile Communications Southwest Jiaotong University

This paper investigates the impact of non-ideal user equipment(UE) hardware on a cell-free(CF) massive MIMO(mMIMO) network with centralized operation under spatially correlated channels. The minimum mean-squared error(MMSE) estimator can be derived with the help of the generic non-ideal UE hardware model. It is demonstrated that even if the effective signal-to-noise ratio approaches infinity, pilot contamination and imperfect hardware can cause a non-zero estimation error floor. After that, a lower bound is determined for the ergodic uplink capacity of the centralized CF mMIMO network under non-ideal UE hardware. Moreover, the optimal receive combining vector is obtained to maximize the uplink spectral efficiency(SE). The maximum ratio(MR) and regularized zero-forcing(RZF) combining schemes are offered as alternatives in light of the computational complexity of the MMSE receiver. Comparing the RZF to the MMSE scheme under different levels of hardware impairments, our findings indicate that the RZF receiver suffers a negligible loss in total SE. For MR combining, a novel closed-form uplink achievable SE expression is obtained based on the MMSE estimator and the use-and-then-forget bounding technique. This expression gives vital insights into the achievable uplink performance with UE hardware impairments. Besides, for various hardware impairment factors, the impact of pilot sequence length on average sum SE is disclosed for different receive combining schemes. To increase the overall SE of the max-min fairness scheme, a heuristic fractional power control scheme with UE hardware impairments is developed, which can essentially avoid sacrificing the SE of other UEs while maximizing the SE of the unluckiest UE in the whole network. Finally,our theoretical performance analysis and power control algorithm are validated by simulation results, and fundamental design guidelines are provided for selecting hardware satisfying the practical UE requirements.

关键词： cell-free massive MIMO centralized operation spatially correlated channels hardware impairments channel estimation uplink spectral efficiency optimal receive combining pilot length design fractional power control

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Performance evaluation of a two-way relay network with energy harvesting^and hardware noises

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第1期7卷 45-54页

作者： Nguyen Tien Tung Pham Minh Nam Phu Tran Tin Faculty of Electronics Technology Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Wireless Communcations Research Group Faculy of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

In this paper,we propose a Two-Way Cognitive Relay Network(TWCRN)where the secondary users operate on an underlay mode to access the licensed *** the proposed protocols,two secondary sources transmit their data to a relay in the first time slot,and then the relay would forward the received information to both sources in the remaining ***,the relay is self-powered by harvesting energy from ambient Radio Frequency(RF)signals,using the Time Switching(TS)and the Power Switching(PS)*** paper concentrates on eval-uating the performance of the secondary networks under the impact of hardware impairments and co-channel interference from the primary *** particular,based on the secondary transmitters'constraint power,we derive the closed-form expressions of the outage probability and the throughput over Rayleigh fading channels in two cases:TS and *** also investigate the energy efficiency issue and the locally optimal position of the relay to maximize the system throughput,which provides much information to install the relay ***,our derivations are verified by Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： Energy harvesting Two-way relay Energy efficiency hardware impairments Cognitive network

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