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Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Approaches:Future Scope of halotolerant Genes and Rice Landraces

Rice science 2020年第5期27卷 368-383页

作者： Tarun Bhatt Aditi Sharma Sanjeev Puri Anu Priya Minhas Department of Biotechnology University Institute of Engineering and TechnologySector-25Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India

All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assimilation, and hence decrease plant yield. Understanding the response of rice plants toward salinity stress at the genetic level and developing salt-tolerant varieties are the vital mandates for its effective management. This review described the present status of salt-tolerance achieved in rice by various mechanisms including the ion homeostasis(Na^+/H^+, OsNHX antiporters), compatible organic solutes(glycine betaine and proline), antioxidative genes(OsECS, OsVTE1, OsAPX and OsMSRA4.1), salt responsive regulatory elements(transcription factors, cis-acting elements and miRNAs) and genes ecoding protein kinases(MAPKs, SAPKs and STRKs). Further, the future perspective of developing salt-tolerant varieties lies in exploring halotolerant gene homologs from rice varieties, especially the landraces. Genetic diversity among rice landraces can serve as a valuable resource for future studies toward variety improvement through breeding and genome editing. Further, identification, multiplication, preservation and utilization of biodiversity among landraces are the urgent buffers to be saved as a heritage for future generations to come.

关键词： rice soil salinity ion homeostasis halotolerant landrace

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Halomonas Xiaochaidanensis sp. nov.,a halotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Xiaochaidan Lake of Qadam Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第S1期88卷 89-90页

作者： LIU Wen JIANG Hongchen YANG Jian WU Geng ZHANG Guojing State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences

A short-rod-shaped halotolerant bacterium,designated CUG00002T,was isolated from the sediment of Xiaochaidan Lake of Qadam Basin,China,using R2A *** cells are Gram-negative,aerobic and forming creamy and circular colo... 详细信息

关键词： Halomonas xiaochaidanensis sp.nov. Gram-negative halotolerant

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Role of beneficial microbial gene pool in mitigating salt/nutrient stress of plants in saline soils through underground phytostimulating signalling molecules

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 153-171页

作者： Shalini TIWARI Barkha SHARMA Neha BISHT Lakshmi TEWARI Department of Microbiology College of Basic Science&HumanitiesG.B.Pant University of Agriculture&TechnologyPantnagarUttarakhand 263145India

Soil salinity diminishes soil health and reduces crop yield,which is becoming a major global *** stress is one of the primary stresses,leading to several other secondary stresses that restrict plant growth and soil *** major secondary stresses induced in plants under saline-alkaline conditions include osmotic stress,nutrient limitation,and ionic stress,all of which negatively impact overall plant *** stressed conditions,certain beneficial soil microflora are known to have evolved phytostimulating mechanisms,such as the synthesis of osmoprotectants,siderophores,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase activity,phosphate solubilization,and hormone production,which enhance plant growth and development while mitigating nutrient *** soil-borne bacterial species such as Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Klebsiella and fungal strains such as Trichoderma,Aspergillus,Penicillium,Alternaria,and Fusarium also aid in reducing salinity ***-solubilizing microorganisms also assist in nutrient acquisition via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic *** the case of enzymatic processes,they produce different enzymes such as alkaline phosphatases and phytases,whereas non-enzymatic processes produce organic acids such as gluconic,citric,malic,and oxalic *** native halotolerant/halophilic soil microbial gene pool with multifunctional traits and stress-induced gene expression can be developed as suitable bio-inoculants to enhance stress tolerance and optimize plant growth in saline soils.

关键词： abiotic stress crop improvement gene expression halotolerant microbial diversity phosphate solubilization plant growth promoting traits soil health

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Cultivable Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Extremely Alkaline-Saline Soils

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第6期6卷 412-423页

作者： Yendi E. Navarro-Noya Marco Luna-Guido Luc Dendooven CONACYT-Tlaxcala Autonomous University Tlaxcala Mexico Laboratory of Soil Ecology ABACUS-Cinvestav Mexico City Mexico

Three soils with different Electrolytic Conductivity (EC) from the former Lake Texcoco (soil with low EC 1.2 dS·m-1, medium with EC 83.1 - 107.8 dS·m-1, and high with EC 137.3 - 152.5 dS•m-1) were used to isolate nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains through enrichment cultures in nitrogen-free media. The medium and high EC in the soil affected negatively the nitrogen-fixing activity, which was generally ten times lower compared to the activity in the soil with low EC. Twenty-one bacterial strains were isolated, identified and characterized for their nitrogen fixation capacity. The diazotrophic genetic potential of all isolates was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of partial nifH and nifD genes and diazotrophic activity quantified by the acetylene reduction assay. Azospirillum brasilense, and several species of Paenibacillus (P. fujiensis, P. durus, P. borealis, P. graminis, P. massiliensis and P. wynnii) were identified. Isolates belonging to the Paenibacillus genus were found in the three soils. Paenibacillus fujiensis and P. durus showed a high nitrogenase activity. The phylograms based on nifH and nifD gene sequences were consistent with 16S rRNA gene phylogeny.

关键词： Diazotrophs Extremophyles Haloalkaline halotolerant Paenibacillus

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