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The role of behavior in tern conservation

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 500-514页

作者： Brian G. PALESTIS Department of Biological Sciences Wagner College Staten Island NY 10301 USA

Behavioral research has long had an important role in the conservation of terns （Ayes： Stemidae）. habitat management and restoration of breeding colony sites depends on knowledge of the cues used to select colony and nest sites. For example, conspecific attraction with playback and decoys is commonly used to bring terns to suitable colony sites and habitat modification is often used to increase the availability of suitable nest sites. Tern colonies are interconnected by dispersal, and a metapopulation approach is needed for effective management. Population dynamics are therefore affected by behaviors that influence the frequency of movement among colony sites： site fidelity, natal and breeding dispersal, and group adherence. The monogamous breeding system of terns should keep effective population size similar to census population size, but variation in sex ratios （likely resulting from sex differences in behavior） and in parental quality can result in a smaller than expected effective population size. In addition to the behavior of terns, knowledge of the behavior of predators on terns contributes to management plans, because predator behavior can sometimes be manipulated and predation is often performed by only a few specialized individuals. Other examples of links between tern behavior and conservation are also briefly reviewed, such as behavioral toxicology research and studies of behavioral responses to human disturbance and manmade structures. More work is needed on the behavior of migratory terns at staging sites, stopover sites and wintering grounds, and on the behavior of less well-studied species and species in less well-studied geographic regions [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 500-514, 2014].

关键词： Effective population size habitat modification Metapopulations Predator control Restoration Stemidae

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Harvesting of forest products and implications for Afrotemperate bird communities in a montane forest of the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 352-366页

作者： Jessica Leaver Johann C.Carstens Michael I.Cherry Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Harvesting of forest products is a widespread driver of disturbance in developing nations, where policies are increasingly aimed at managing natural forests for sustainable use. There is thus need for research aimed at understanding the impact of resource use on forest habitats and concomitant effects on *** forests in the Eastern Cape, South Africa are harvested informally for poles and medicinal bark and occur along elevational gradients of 800–1600 m above sea level. Patterns of spatial diversity and human disturbance are expected to be affected by elevation. Furthermore, species’ responses to disturbance are expected to vary depending on their level of habitat specialisation. Understanding harvest impacts on forest biodiversity thus requires disentangling the separate effects of elevation and disturbance, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately. This study comprises two components. First, harvest activities, resultant harvestmediated habitat heterogeneity, and avifaunal species richness, composition and beta-diversity were compared across two elevational zones in a harvested forest. Second, the role of harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity in driving patterns of avifaunal diversity were assessed, while controlling for elevation, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species ***: Harvest rates were higher, and activities more varied in the lower elevation zone, with significant impacts of harvesting on habitat features resulting in higher harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity at lower ***-mediated increases in habitat heterogeneity positively affected forest-generalist species richness, while forest-specialist richness was negatively affected. While species composition of both groups differed across elevational zones, variation in harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity did not fully account for this, suggesting that factors other than disturbance

关键词： Human disturbance habitat heterogeneity habitat modification Beta-diversity Elevation Generalist species Forest-specialist species

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Factors Determining the Abundance of Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) in a Large Lake Connected to the Yangzte River

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2022年第1期13卷 61-67页

作者： WANG Yuyu TAN Wenzhuo LI Bin XIAO Yayu GUO Min LU Xiuyuan LEI Guangchun School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Hubei Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Wuhan 430100China

Invasive species and habitat degradation are the main reasons for freshwater biodiversity loss. Reports on the habitat degradation and invasion ecology of Red Swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) are few, although it is one of the most devastating invasive species in freshwater ecosystems. Based on a three-year investigation during 2017-2019 in West Dongting Lake, this study used Principal Component Analysis(PCA), Generalized Linear Model(GLM) and Bayesian model to analyze the relationships of P. clarkii stocks and environment factors in natural and modified wetlands. The results showed that the abundance of P. clarkii was positively correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water temperature, pH, water depth, and water transparency;while it was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and redox potential. The difference between P. clarkii stocks in natural and modified wetlands was nonsignificant. The P. clarkii stock decreased yearly, as levels in both 2018 and 2019 were significantly lower than in 2017. We concluded that inter-annual variation of the hydrological regime plays an important role in P. clarkii dynamics, and thus it is of great importance to ensure that the water level and flow velocity in summer to control the invasive P. clarkii.

关键词： Red Swamp Crayfish(P.clarkii) abundance temporal variation habitat modification floodplain wetland

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A Review of the Engineering Role of Burrowing Animals: Implication of Chinese Pangolin as an Ecosystem Engineer

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Journal of Zoological Research 2021年第3期3卷 1-20页

作者： Song Sun Hongliang Dou Shichao Wei Yani Fang Zexu Long Jiao Wang Fuyu An Jinqian Xu Tingting Xue Huangjie Qiu Yan Hua Guangshun Jiang Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration College of Wildlife and Natural Protected AreaNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhou510520China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of TorontoTorontoM2J4A6Canada

Ecosystem engineers are organisms that alter the distribution of resources in the environment by creating,modifying,maintaining and/or destroying the *** can affect the structure and function of the whole ecosystem *** engineers are an important group in ecosystem engineers as they play a critical role in soil translocation and habitat creation in various types of ***,few researchers have systematically summarized and analyzed the studies of burrowing *** reviewing the existing ecological studies of burrowing engineer about their interaction with habitat through five directions:(1)soil turnover;(2)changing soil physicochemical properties;(3)changing plant community structure;(4)providing limited resources for commensal animals;and/or(5)affecting animal *** Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)is a typical example of burrowing mammals,in part(5),we focus on the interspecific relationships among burrow commensal species of Chinese *** engineering effects vary with environmental gradient,literature indicates that burrowing engineer play a stronger role in habitat transformation in the tropical and subtropical *** most common experiment method is comparative measurements(include different spatial and temporal scale),manipulative experiment is relatively *** found that most of the engineering effects had positive feedback to the local ecosystem,increased plant abundance and resilience,increased biodiversity and consequently improved ecosystem *** the global background of dramatic climate change and biodiversity loss in recent decades,we recommend future studies should improving knowledge of long-term engineering effects on population scale and landscape scale,exploring ecological cascades through trophic and engineering pathways,to better understand the attribute of the burrowing behavior of engineers to restore ecosystems and habitat *** review is presented as an aid t

关键词： Burrowing engineer Burrow commensal species Chinese pangolin Ecosystem engineer habitat modification Biodiversity

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