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habitat fragmentation, vole population fluctuations, and the ROMPA hypothesis: An experimental test using model landscapes

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第6期11卷 469-482页

作者： George O.BATZLI Department of Animal Biology University of IllinoisChampaignIllinoisUSA

Increased habitat fragmentation leads to smaller size of habitat patches and to greater distance between patches.The ROMPA hypothesis(ratio of optimal to marginal patch area)uniquely links vole population fluctuations to the composition of the landscape.It states that as ROMPA decreases(fragmentation increases),vole population fluctuations will increase(including the tendency to display multi-annual cycles in abundance)because decreased proportions of optimal habitat result in greater population declines and longer recovery time after a harsh season.To date,only comparative observations in the field have supported the hypothesis.This paper reports the results of the first experimental test.I used prairie voles,Microtus ochrogaster,and mowed grassland to create model landscapes with 3 levels of ROMPA(high with 25%mowed,medium with 50%mowed and low with 75%mowed).As ROMPA decreased,distances between patches of favorable habitat(high cover)increased owing to a greater proportion of unfavorable(mowed)habitat.Results from the first year with intensive live trapping indicated that the preconditions for operation of the hypothesis existed(inversely density dependent emigration and,as ROMPA decreased,increased per capita mortality and decreased per capita movement between optimal patches).Nevertheless,contrary to the prediction of the hypothesis that populations in landscapes with high ROMPA should have the lowest variability,5 years of trapping indicated that variability was lowest with medium ROMPA.The design of field experiments may never be perfect,but these results indicate that the ROMPA hypothesis needs further rigorous testing.

关键词： experimental landscapes habitat fragmentation Microtus ochrogaster ROMPA hypothesis vole population fluctuations

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Dynamics of additional food provided predator-prey system with habitat fragmentation

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2023年第4期16卷 45-80页

作者： K.Durga Prasad B.S.R.V.Prasad Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Ercellence Kamalapur KalaburagiKarnataka 585313India Department of Mathematics School of Advanced Sciences VIT(Deemed to be University)Vellore Tamilnadu 632014India

Due to human-caused deforestation,global warming,and other environmental factors,habitat fragmentation became widespread.This fragmentation has a variety of detrimental repercussions for many species as well as humans,especially in the agricultural economy.It causes insect outbreaks,the expansion of alien species,and disrupts biological management by rendering the habitat unsuitable for natural enemies in agriculture.Providing natural enemies with additional food is one method to improve the ecosystem and support them.In this study,we assumed that the ecosystem is separated into two patches and that predators can easily migrate from one patch to the next,while prey stays inside its patch's territory.We looked at the impact of offering more food to predators in a patchy environment using dynamical systems theory.The permanence,stability,and various bifurcations that occur in the system are studied using a rigorous mathematical analysis.The study looks at how predator's access to other food sources affects pest management.By adjusting the provided food's characteristic qualities,such as(nutritional)quality and quantity,one can limit and manage the pest in one or both patches,as well as eliminate predators from the ecosystem.This research reveals that providing predators with additional food(of specified quality and quantity)can help in controlling chaotic behavior in the system.The findings of the study are supported by numerical simulations.

关键词： Pest predator additional food habitat fragmentation Hopf bifurcation chaos biological control

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The integration of climate change,spatial dynamics,and habitat fragmentation:A conceptual overview

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 40-59页

作者： Marcel HOLYOAK Sacha K.HEATH Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California1 Shields AvenueDavis CA 95616USA Graduate Group in Ecology University of California1 Shields AvenueDavis CA 95616USA

A growing number of studies have looked at how climate change alters the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on both single and multiple species;some raise concern that biodiversity loss and its effects will be exacerbated.The published literature on spatial dynamics(such as dispersal and metapopulation dynamics),habitat fragmentation and climate change requires synthesis and a conceptual framework to simplify thinking.We propose a framework that integrates how climate change affects spatial population dynamics and the effects of habitat fragmentation in terms of:(i)habitat quality,quantity and distribution;(ii)habitat connectivity;and(iii)the dynamics of habitat itself.We use the framework to categorize existing autecological studies and investigate how each is affected by anthropogenic climate change.It is clear that a changing climate produces changes in the geographic distribution of climatic conditions,and the amount and quality of habitat.The most thorough published studies show how such changes impact metapopulation persistence,source-sink dynamics,changes in species’geographic range and community composition.Climate-related changes in movement behavior and quantity,quality and distribution of habitat have also produced empirical changes in habitat connectivity for some species.An underexplored area is how habitat dynamics that are driven by climatic processes will affect species that live in dynamic habitats.We end our discussion by suggesting ways to improve current attempts to integrate climate change,spatial population dynamics and habitat fragmentation effects,and suggest distinct areas of study that might provide opportunities for more fully integrative work.

关键词： global change global climate change habitat fragmentation metapopulation spatial dynamics.

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Level of habitat fragmentation determines its non-linear relationships with plant species richness, frequency and density at desertified grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 866-876页

作者： Zhimin Liu Wenkai Shou Jianqiang Qian Jing Wu Carlos Alberto Busso Xianzhang Hou Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenhe DistrictShenyang 110016China Faculty of Forestry Liaoning Forestry Vocation-Technical College186 Fengyang RoadSujiatun DistrictShenyang 110164China Departamento de Agronomia-CERZOS(CONICET) Universidad Nacional del Sur8000 Bahia BlancaProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina

Aims This study aimed to examine the changes in plant species richness,frequency and density along a habitat fragmentation gradient(with varied degrees of habitat fragmentation[DHFs])in a desertified grass-land of Horqin Sandy Land,northeastern Inner Mongolia,China.Methods In this study,six landscape plots(500×500 m each)along a habi-tat fragmentation gradient were established.A new fragmentation index was formulated to study the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity indices(species richness,frequency and density).Regression analyses(linear-or non-linear regression)were con-ducted to assess the changes in species richness,frequency and density along the habitat fragmentation gradient at plant commu-nity,functional group and species scales,respectively.Important Findings There was a non-linear relationship(following a quadratic function)between total species richness and the DHF.Total species richness reached its peak when the DHF was 0.2,beyond which species richness decreased along the fragmentation gradient.Plant func-tional groups showed their specific responses to habitat fragmenta-tion,and some non-linear relationships and thresholds existed.The relative richness of rare species also showed a non-linear response to habitat fragmentation,with the threshold being DHF=0.6.Species became rarer(both some common species and rare spe-cies)with the intensifying habitat fragmentation.Our study dem-onstrates the importance of the non-linear relationships and plant functional groups in exploring the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity and implementing effective biological conservation in sand dunes.

关键词： density frequency functional group habitat fragmentation rare species species richness

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The effects of habitat fragmentation on the reproduction and abundance of Angadenia berteroi

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 340-348页

作者： Beyte Barrios Roque Suzanne Koptur Jay P.Sah Plant Ecology Lab Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International University11200 SW 8th StMiamiFL 33199USA South Florida Terrestrial Ecosystems Lab Southeast Environmental Research CenterFlorida International University11200 SW 8th STMiamiFL 33199USA

Aims The pine rocklands of southern Florida are a fire-dependent forest associated with outcrops of limestone.Pine rockland plants have sev-eral adaptations to fire,and for many species,burning increases plant growth,flowering and seedling establishment.The pine rockland forest has been reduced and fragmented in recent decades.Outside of Everglades National Park,only 2%of the original pine rocklands remain,and they are in the form of small fragments.Our objective is to investigate the effects of fragmentation and habitat quality on abun-dance and plant reproductive fitness of Angadenia berteroi(A.D.C.)Miers,a threatened species of the southern Florida pine rockland.Methods We estimated the density of plants using a stratified random sam-pling design,and reproductive fitness(in terms of percentage of plants with flowers and fruit)by walking transects in an array of habitat fragments of different sizes and degrees of isolation(distance to the nearest fragment)as well as in continuous habitat.Structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to investigate how A.berteroi reproductive fitness was affected by fragmentation and habitat quality.Important Findings habitat fragment size was correlated with the density of A.berteroi,but did not have a great impact on its reproductive success.However,habitat quality represented by litter depth and subcan-opy cover had strong negative effects on the reproductive fitness of A.berteroi,suggesting that increased light availability and low litter cover resulting from recent fires may favor reproduction.

关键词： habitat fragmentation habitat quality isolation fire structural equation modeling reproductive fitness abundance

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Effects of habitat fragmentation on Species Diversity of Animals and Plants

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Journal of Landscape Research 2021年第3期13卷 87-89,94页

作者： GU Huijie Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

habitat fragmentation has been a research hotspot of biodiversity,and an important "bottleneck" restricting biodiversity.habitat fragmentation can cause species loss and affect the process of immigration and colonization by decreasing habitat size and increasing isolation degree among populations,thereby affecting species diversity of animals and plants.This paper elaborated the concept and main theory of habitat fragmentation and the influence of habitat fragmentation on species diversity of animals and plants,and suggested that studies on the effects of habitat fragmentation on species diversity at multi-trophic levels and larger scales should be strengthened.

关键词： habitat fragmentation Biodiversity habitat area Isolation degree

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High levels of genetic diversity and an absence of genetic structure among breeding populations of the endangered Rufous-backed Bunting in Inner Mongolia,China:implications for conservation

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Avian Research 2021年第1期12卷 52-62页

作者： Shi Li Dan Li Lishi Zhang Weiping Shang Bo Qin Yunlei Jiang College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural University

Background:The Rufous-backed Bunting,Emberiza jankowskii,is an endangered species that is primarily distributed in Inner Mongolia,China.The main threats to the continued persistence of this species are habitat loss and degradation.However,the impact of population loss on genetic diversity remains unclear.To support future conservation and management efforts,we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of E.jankowskii using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 7-8-day-old nestlings in Inner Mongolia,China between May and August of 2012 and 2013.Mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic diversity,genetic structure and inbreeding of E.jankowskii.The results of genetic diversity and inbreeding were compared to other avian species.Results:We found an unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity in terms of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite compared to other avian species.However,there were high levels of gene flow and minimal genetic structuring,among the fragmented breeding populations of E.jankowskii in Inner Mongolia.These findings suggest that E.jankowskii in Inner Mongolia is a metapopulation.Despite the high genetic diversity of E.jankowskii,local populations in each small patch remain at risk of extinction due to habitat loss.In addition,the E.jankowskii population has a high risk of inbreeding.Conclusions:To minimize further loss of genetic diversity of this endangered species,we suggest that the E.jankowskii in Inner Mongolia should be considered as a protected species for management purposes.Conservation efforts should concentrate on E.jankowskii habitat management.This may be most effectively achieved by protecting the current breeding habitats and prohibiting over-grazing.

关键词： Conservation Emberiza jankowskii Genetic diversity Genetic structure habitat fragmentation

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Persistent pollutants and the patchiness of urban green areas as drivers of genetic richness in the epiphytic moss Leptodon smithii

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第12期26卷 2493-2499页

作者： Valeria Spagnuolo Flavia De Nicola Stefano Terracciano Roberto Bargagli Daniela Baldantoni Fabrizio Monaci Anna Alfani Simonetta Giordano Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II via Cinthia 4 Naples 80126 Italy Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio Via Port'Arsa 11 Benevento 82100 Italy Department of Environmental Sciences University of Siena Via Mattioli 4 Siena 53100 Italy Department of Chemistry and Biology University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano SA Italy

We determined genetic variation and metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in Leptodon smithii moss collected in holm oak stands at cities, outskirts and remote areas of Campania and Tuscany（Italy） to investigate if anthropogenic pressure（pollutant emissions and land use change） affects moss genetic richness. In both regions, metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations reflected the trend urban 〉 outskirts 〉 remote areas, excepting Tuscany remote site. In both regions,the moss gene diversity increased from urban to remote areas. The findings suggest the extent and the fragmentation of urban green areas, as drivers of moss genetic richness.

关键词： Gene diversity Metals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons habitat fragmentation Environmental disturbance

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Breeding biology and novel reproductive behaviour in the Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens)

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 232-237页

作者： Xiaodong Rao Canchao Yang Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background: The Hainan Partridge(Arborophila ardens) is endemic to Hainan Island,China,and is listed as vulnerable(VU) because its population size is steadily decreasing due to illegal hunting and habitat loss.Its breeding biology is poorly known.Methods: This study was conducted in three sites in the major tropical primary rainforest in Hainan.Nests of the Hainan Partridge were found by monitoring radio-tracked individuals.Video recorders were set up to monitor reproductive behaviour of Hainan Partridge when nests were found.Results: Here for the first time we report the breeding biology of Hainan Partridge by providing information on its nest site,nest,eggs,and reproductive behaviour.We found that Hainan Partridges laid immaculate white eggs in ground nests which were totally covered by dry leaves and small branches forming arches that provided optimal concealment.A novel and regular behaviour was found in Hainan Partridges since they grasped leaves and small branches and then threw them on or around their nests to provide cover during incubation and after hatching of chicks.Conclusions: Recruitment behaviour in Hainan Partridges benefit from supplementation of nest arch material to nests,cover the nest entrance and thus maintain or increase nest concealment.However,it may also contribute to concealment of the track which could expose their activities and clues for predators.Our finding implies that the Hainan Partridge has evolved such a novel reproductive behaviour under the strong selection of predation pressure.Due to habitat fragmentation and habitat loss,we suggest setting up arch structures and provide small branches and leaves in degraded or fragmented habitats to improve their suitability for partridge reproduction.This method may contribute to increasing the reproductive success of Hainan Partridge and thus compensate for its continuous population decrease.

关键词： habitat fragmentation habitat loss Nest arch Nest concealment Recruitment behavior

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Arthropods on plants in a fragmented Neotropical dry forest： A functional analysis of area loss and edge effects

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 129-138页

作者： Ezequiel Gonzalez Adriana Salvo Graciela Valladares Centro de Investigaciones Entomol6gicas de C6rdoba (IMBIV - CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de C6rdoba C6rdoba Argentina

Loss and fragmentation of natural ecosystems are widely recognized as the most important threats to biodiversity conservation, with Neotropical dry forests among the most endangered ecosystems. Area and edge effects are major factors in fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine area and edge effects and their interaction, on ensembles of arthropods associated to native vegetation in a fragmented Chaco Serrano forest. We analyzed family richness and community composition of herbivores, predators, and parasitoids on three native plant species in 12 fragments of varying size and at edge/interior positions. We also looked for indicator families by using Indicator Species Analysis. Loss of family richness with the reduction of forest fragment area was observed for the three functional groups, with sirnilar magnitude. Herbivores were richer at the edges without interaction between edge and area effects, whereas predators were not affected by edge/interior position and parasitoid richness showed an interaction between area and position, with a steeper area slope at the edges. Family composition of herbivore, predator, and parasitoid assemblages was also affected by forest area and/or edge/interior situation. We found three indicator families for large remnants and five for edges. Our results support the key role of forest area for conservation of arthropods taxonomic and functional diversity in a highly threatened region, and emphasize the need to understand the interactions between area and edge effects on such diversity.

关键词： area loss Chaco Serrano edge effect forest arthropods functional groups habitat fragmentation

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