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A different gut microbial community between larvae and adults of a wild bumblebee nest （Bombus pascuorum）

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 66-74页

作者： Anneleen Parmentier Ivan Meeus Filip Van Nieuwerburgh Dieter Deforce Peter Vandamme Guy Smagghe Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Biochemistryand Microbiology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Although the gut microbial communities in adult bumblebees and their as- sociated functionalities are widely studied, descriptive data on the larval gut microbiota are still limited. The gut microbiota of a fully sampled wild Bombus pascuorum nest has been characterized, using the multiplexed Illumina MiSeq 16S ribosomal RNA ampli- con sequencing technique. The nesters and foragers inhabiting the same nest showed the typical core bacterial sequences and only marginal differences in their characterized gut microbiota. The gut microbial communities within the adult and larval specimens differed strongly, as the typical core gut bacteria in the adult bumblebees are absent in the larval bumblebees. The bacterial communities within the larval gut are dominated by bacterial phylotypes of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae, supplemented with genera be- longing to Corynebacteriales and Bacillales. The function of this larval gut microbiota, being different from the adult, remains to be determined.

关键词： bumblebee gut Illumina sequencing larvae microbiota nest sample size

gut microbiota profile in healthy Indonesians

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第12期25卷 1478-1491页

作者： Endang Sutriswati Rahayu Tyas Utami Mariyatun Mariyatun Pratama Nur Hasan Rafli Zulfa Kamil Ryan Haryo Setyawan Fathyah Hanum Pamungkaningtyas IskANDar Azmy Harahap Devin Varian Wiryohanjoyo Putrika Citta Pramesi Muhammad Nur Cahyanto I Nengah Sujaya Mohammad Juffrie Department of Food and Agricultural Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Public Health Udayana University Department of Public Health Universitas Gadjah Mada

BACKGROUND Recently, gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases other than intestinal disease. Thus, there has been rapid growth in the study of gut microbiota. Considering the numerous factors influencing gut microbiota such as age, diet, etc., area-based research is required. Indonesia has numerous different tribes and each of these tribes have different lifestyles. Hence, it is expected that each tribe has a specific gut microbiota. A deeper insight into the composition of gut microbiota can be used to determine the condition of gut microbiota in Indonesians and to consider which treatment may be suitable and effective to improve health *** To investigate the gut microbiota of Indonesian subjects represented by Javanese and Balinese tribes by analyzing fecal *** Fecal samples were collected from a total of 80 individuals with 20 in each of the young groups ranging from 25-45 years and the elderly group aged 70 years or more from two different regions, Yogyakarta and Bali. Fecal sample collection was performed at the end of the assessment period(day 14 ± 1 d) during which time the subjects were not allowed to consume probiotic or antibiotic *** quantification of various Clostridium subgroups, Lactobacillus subgroups,Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella,Bifidobacterium and Atopobium cluster, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas was performed using the Yakult intestinal flora-scan(YIF-SCAN).RESULTS The bacterial population in younger subjects' feces was higher than that in the elderly population, with a total of approximately 10.0 – 10.6 log10 bacterial cells/g feces. The most abundant bacteria in all groups were Clostridium, followed by Prevotella, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. In the elderly, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Coliform and Escherichia coli was found. In terms of bacterial counts in Yogyakarta, total bacteria, Clostridium coccoides(C. coccoides)

关键词： gut microbiota Indonesian Elderly Young people Enterotype

Exposure to inorganic arsenic can lead to gut microbe perturbations and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 426-429页

作者： Jonathan Choiniere Li Wang Department of Physiology and Neurobiology The Institute for Systems GenomicsUniversity of Connecticut School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System Department of Internal Medicine Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University

Arsenic is a carcinogenic environmental factor found in food and drinking water around the *** mechanisms in which arsenic alters homeostasis are not fully *** the past few decades,light has been shed on varying mechanisms in which arsenic induces *** mechanisms include gut microbe perturbations,genotoxic effects,and epigenetic *** microbe perturbations have been shown to increase the level of pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharide(LPS) leading to uncontained *** in inflammation is the major factor in cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular *** in gut permeability and metabolites have also been observed as a fallout of arsenic induced gut microbe *** guts proximity and interaction through portal flow make the liver susceptible to gut perturbations and ensuing inflammatory *** and epigenetic dysregulation induced by arsenic and its toxic metabolites present a more direct mechanism that works synergistically with gut microbe perturbations to induce the incidence of *** pathways combined could be some of the main causes of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.

关键词： Arsenic Microbiome Epigenetics Liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma gut microbiota Lipopolysaccharide

gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key mucosal barrier modulators in obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第33期27卷 5555-5565页

作者： Yan-Xia Wei Kui-Yang Zheng Yu-Gang Wang Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and MetabolismDepartment of Pathogenic Biology and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004Jiangsu ProvinceChina

A significant breakthrough in the field of obesity research was the demonstration that an obese phenotype could be manipulated by modulating the gut *** important next step is to elucidate a human-relevant"map"of microbiota-host interactions that regulate the metabolic health of the *** improved understanding of this crosstalk is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to combat *** mucosal barrier dysfunction is an important contributor to metabolic diseases and has also been found to be involved in a variety of other chronic inflammatory conditions,including cancer,neurodegeneration,and *** mechanistic basis for intestinal barrier dysfunction accompanying metabolic disorders remains poorly *** the molecular and cellular modulators of intestinal barrier function will help devise improved strategies to counteract the detrimental systemic consequences of gut barrier *** in the composition and function of the gut microbiota,i.e.,dysbiosis,are thought to drive obesity-related pathogenesis and may be one of the most important drivers of mucosal barrier *** effects of the microbiota on the host are mediated by microbiota-derived *** this review,we focus on several relatively well-studied microbial metabolites that can influence intestinal mucosal homeostasis and discuss how they might affect metabolic *** design and use of microbes and their metabolites that are locally active in the gut without systemic side effects are promising novel and safe therapeutic modalities for metabolic diseases.

关键词： Obesity Metabolic diseases Microbiota Mucosal homeostasis gut Microbial metabolites

Interleukin-21 triggers effector cell responses in the gut

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第29期16卷 3638-3641页

作者： Daniela De Nitto Massimiliano Sarra Francesco Pallone Giovanni Monteleone Department of Internal Medicine University "Tor Vergata" of Rome

In the gut of patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis,the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) in humans,the tissue-damaging immune response is mediated by an active cross-talk between immune and non-immune *** evidence indicates also that cytokines produced by these cells play a major role in initiating and shaping this pathologic *** such cytokine seems to be interleukin(IL)-21,a member of the common γ-chainreceptor ***-21 is produced in excess in the in-flamed intestine of patients with IBD mostly by activated CD4+ T helper cells co-expressing interferon-γ and follicular T helper ***,both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that excessive IL-21 production leads to the activation of multiple signaling pathways that expand and sustain the ongoing mucosal *** this article,we review the available data supporting the pathogenic role of IL-21 in IBD.

关键词： Interleukin-21 gut T cells Epithelial cells Fibroblasts

Epilepsy and the gut: Perpetrator or victim?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2022年第5期13卷 143-156页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlgharbiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medica CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 26612Bahrain Department of Microbiology Irish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain

The brain and the gut are linked together with a complex,bi-path link known as the gut-brain axis through the central and enteric nervous ***,the brain directly affects and controls the gut through various neurocrine and endocrine processes,and the gut impacts the brain via different *** is a central nervous system(CNS)disorder with abnormal brain activity,causing repeated seizures due to a transient excessive or synchronous alteration in the brain’s electrical *** to the strong relationship between the enteric and the CNS,gastrointestinal dysfunction may increase the risk of ***,about 2.5%of patients with epilepsy were misdiagnosed as having gastrointestinal disorders,especially in children below the age of one *** dysbiosis also has a significant role in ***,in turn,affects the gastrointestinal tract in different forms,such as abdominal aura,epilepsy with abdominal pain,and the adverse effects of medications on the gut and the gut *** with abdominal pain,a type of temporal lobe epilepsy,is an uncommon cause of abdominal *** also can present with postictal states with gastrointestinal manifestations such as postictal hypersalivation,hyperphagia,or compulsive water *** the same time,antiseizure medications have many gastrointestinal side *** the other hand,some antiseizure medications may improve some gastrointestinal *** gut manipulations were used successfully to manage ***,probiotics,synbiotics,postbiotics,a ketogenic diet,fecal microbiota transplantation,and vagus nerve stimulation were used successfully to treat some patients with *** manipulations,such as omental transposition,still need more *** narrative review will discuss the different ways the gut and epilepsy affect each other.

关键词： Epilepsy Epilepsy with abdominal pain gut Gastrointestinal diseases gut-brain-microbiota axis Abdominal aura Ketogenic diet Abdominal migraine

gut microbiota in common elderly diseases affecting activities of daily living

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4750-4758页

作者： Yukihiro Shimizu Gastroenterology center Nanto Municipal Hospital

gut microbiota are involved in the development or prevention of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes,fatty liver, and malignancy such as colorectal cancer,breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alzheimer'sdisease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atherosclerotic stroke and cardiovascular disease are major diseases associated with decreased activities of daily living(ADL), especially in elderly people. Recent analyses have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in the control of these diseases. The composition or diversity of these microbiota is different between patients with these conditions and healthy controls, and administration of probiotics or prebiotics has been shown effective in the treatment of these diseases. gut microbiota may affect distant organs through mechanisms that include regulating the absorption of nutrients and/or the production of microbial metabolites, regulating and interacting with the systemic immune system, and translocating bacteria/bacterial products through disrupted mucosal ***, the gut microbiota may be important regulators in the development of diseases that affect ADL. Although adequate exercise and proper diet are important for preventing these diseases, their combination with interventions that manipulate the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising strategy for maintaining health condition and preserving ADL. This review thus summarizes current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the development or prevention of diseases closely associated with the maintenance of ADL.

关键词： Probiotics Prebiotics Alzheimer’s disease Osteoporosis Sarcopenia gut microbiota Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease

Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 81-85页

作者： Volker Mai Peter V Draganov Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida1600 SW Archer Rd Room HD 602 PO Box 100214 Gainesville Florida 32610 United States

The complex gut microbial flora harbored by individuals(microbiota) has long been proposed to contribute tointestinal health as well as disease. Pre-and probioticproducts aimed at improving health by modifyingmicrobiota composition have already become widelyavailable and acceptance of these products appearsto be on the rise. However, although required forthe development of effective microbiota basedinterventions, our basic understanding of microbiotavariation on a population level and its dynamics withinindividuals is still rudimentary. Powerful new parallelsequence technologies combined with other efficientmolecular microbiota analysis methods now allow forcomprehensive analysis of microbiota composition inlarge human populations. Recent fi ndings in the fi eldstrongly suggest that microbiota contributes to thedevelopment of obesity, atopic diseases, inflammatorybowel diseases and intestinal cancers. Through theongoing National Institutes of Health Roadmap 'HumanMicrobiome Project' and similar projects in other partsof the world, a large coordinated effort is currentlyunderway to study how microbiota can impact humanhealth. Translating findings from these studies intoeffective interventions that can improve health,possibly personalized based on an individuals existingmicrobiota, will be the task for the next decade(s).

关键词： Microbiota Intestinal microbial flora Probiotic gut Intestine

Facing a new challenge: the adverse effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota and host immunity

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第10期132卷 1135-1138页

作者： Sheng Zhang De-Chang Chen Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003 China Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital North School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200025 China

Mammals have existed on Earth for millions of years. During this long period, mammals and their gut commensal microbes have coevolved and coadapted, forming a complex and inseparable interrelationship called "superorganisms." On the one hand, the food and gut environment play an important role in shaping the composition and function of gut microbiota.

关键词： adverse effects gut microbiota host immunity