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Growth performance and gum arabic production of Acacia senegal in northwest lowlands of Ethiopia

Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 471-476页

作者： Asmamaw Alemu Zewdu Yilma Abeje Eshete Tatek Dejene University of Gondar Faculty of AgricultureGondar Ethiopia Institute of international forestry and forest products Technical University of DresdenGermany Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research/ Forestry Research Centre Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Despite the wide distribution of natural stands of Acacia senegal in Ethiopia, commercial exploitation of gum arabic is con- strained by lack of tapping and development techniques. We evaluated the gum arabic yield from natural stands of A. senegal and the growth of 6 provenances in different parts of the country. For the gum yield evalua- tion from natural stands, four tapping positions and three tapping seasons were tested in a factorial RCB design. The second experiment in Metema evaluated survival and growth of six provenances. A. senegal trees in natural stands respond well to tapping if tapped during the appropriate season and at the correct position on the tree. The mean gum yield did not vary significantly by tapping season （p=0.63）. Higher mean yield was, however, collected from trees tapped in October （96 ***^-1 per two harvests）. The mean yield differed significantly （p=0.009） between the tapping positions. Mean separation （ct=0.05） shows that trees tapped at mid stem gave higher yield （160 ***^-1 per two harvests）. The interac- tion effect of tapping season and position was not significant. Higher mean yield （（70 ± 112） ***^-1） was recorded in mid October-mid stem in two harvests. The second experiment indicated statistically significant difference in mean survival （p=0.0298）, height （p=0.000） and root col- lar diameter （RCD）, （p=0.012） between the six provenances. Highest survival, height and root collar diameter growth was observed from Ab- derail provenance （100%, （148±11） era, （38±11） mm, respectively）. We recommend October and mid-stem and branches as appropriate tapping season and position. We recommend planting of the Abderafi provenance for the study area due to its superior growth and survival. Our study contributes to the proper selection of provenances for plantation devel- opment and improved tapping technology for better production of gum arabic in the country.

关键词： A. Senegal gum arabic tapping season position prove-nances growth performance

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Curcumin gum arabic nanoparticles demonstrate potent antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in human cancer cells

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BIOCELL 2022年第3期46卷 677-687页

作者： ABDELKADER HASSANI SITI ASLINA HUSSAIN MOTHANNA SADIQ AL-QUBAISI MOHAMED LAKHDER BELFAR HAKIM BELKHALFA HAMID HAMMAD ENEZEI HAMID ZENTOU WISAM NABEEL IBRAHIM ABD ALMONEM DOOLAANEA Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuantanMalaysia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Material SciencesUniversity of kasdi MurbahOuarglaAlgeria UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory Institute of BioscienceUniversity Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physicochemical Analysis Bou-IsmailTipazaAlgeria Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery College of DentistryUniversity of AnbarRamadiIraq Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health SciencesQU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar Pharmaceutical Research Unit QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar

The main purpose of the study was to enhance the stability and therapeutic effects of Curcumin(Cur)through nanoformulation with gum arabic(GA)as a coating agent through an efficient synthetic *** antioxidant properties of the developed nanoparticles(Cur/GANPs)were assessed through several in vitro assays,such asβ-carotene bleaching activity,DPPH,and nitric oxide scavenging activities in addition to evaluating its inhibitory activity on angiotensinconverting enzyme(ACE).The cytotoxicity of Cur/GANPs was evaluated in vitro using different types of human cancer cells including breast cancer(MCF7,MDA-MB231),liver cancer(HepG2),and colon cancer(HT29)*** prepared particles displayed an elliptical shape with a size ranging between 20–260 nm and a potential difference of–15 *** Cur/GANPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity compared to free curcumin when using concentrations between 31.5 and 500μg/*** Cur/GANPs also had inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines in a proportional trend with concentrations ***,the encapsulation with gum arabic has augmented the antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects of ***,Cur/GANPs may have effective therapeutic properties in diseases attributed to oxidative stress like cancer and hypertension.

关键词： Curcumin gum arabic Nanoparticles Cancer cells Antioxidants

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Determination of optimum tapping date for gum arabic production in South Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 685-688页

作者： Idris Musa Adam Kamal E.M. Fadl Agricultural Research Corporation Kadugli Research Station P.O. Box 10 Kadugli Sudan Agricultural Research Corporation El-Obeid Research Station P.O. Box 429 El-Obeid Sudan.

Acacia senegal, the gum arabic producing tree, is the most important tree species for the livelihood of the people in South Kordofan State, Sudan. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum tapping date for gum arabic production in the study area. A randomized complete block design experiment with three replications was conducted at （Mead） area for two continuous growing seasons 2008/2009 - 2009/2010. The treatments comprised six tapping dates （1 Oct, 15 Oct, 1 Nov, 15 Nov, 1 Dec, and 15 Dec）. Results ishowed highly significant differences （p 〈 0.001） in gum arabic yield （g／tree） in all pickings and in the total gum yield between the tapping dates. The results also showed that tapping of trees on 15 October and 1 November gave a higher yield compared to the other dates. The highest gum yield of 1086.6 and 661.2 g/tree was recorded on 15 October and 15 November, while the lowest gum yield of 297.9 g/tree was recorded when the trees were tapped on 1 October. The two highest-yield dates of tapping （15 Oct and 1 Nov） are recommended as the best time for tapping for gum arabic production in South Kordofan State. These results can be used to increase gum arabic production and farmer income in South Kordofan State.

关键词： gum arabic date of tapping agroforestry system SouthKordofan Sudan

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Benefits of gum arabic, for a Solitary Kidney Under Adverse Conditions:A Case Study

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2018年第2期1卷 88-96页

作者： Mehrab Dashtdar Karima Kardi Department of Integrative Medicine Dubai Specialized Medical Center and Medical Research LabAffiliated with Dubai Medical College and Dubai Pharmacy CollegeDubaiUnited Arab Emirates

gum arabic(GA,called E-414 in the EU food industry),a natural biopolymer resin is a dried exudation obtained from the stems and branches of natural strains of Acacia Senegal(L)*** consists mainly of high molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium,potassium,and magnesium,which on hydrolysis yield arabinose,galactose,rhamnose,and glucuronic *** natural fiber of gum arabic act as probiotics improves the absorption of minerals,especially calcium and helps to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal(GI)***,transformation,or reprocessing of nitrogenous wastes(ammonia,urea,and uric acid)by the GI tract is a potentially low-cost means of switching for missing renal *** of nitrogen compounds to be inert orally by administration of gum arabic is the safe solution either in normal renal function or renal *** this study,clinically,we observed a case of solitary kidney under adverse condition long‑term treating with gum arabic the vast potential of bioactive phytochemicals as a nontoxic,efficient with uric acid and bilirubin lowering agent and anti‑inflammatory effects,considering the gum arabic as a potential therapeutic supplement,beneficial in chronic renal failure,cardiovascular disease,pain management,and dental *** the nonexistent background concerning the benefits of gum arabic,for a solitary kidney under adverse conditions,our study has confirmed that long‑term consumption of gum arabic not only has no side effect but also protects multi-organs damage from drug adverse reactions and consequences of baseline disease,including renal,vascular,dental and inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Acacia Senegal chronic renal failure emulsifier gum arabic natural fiber probiotics solitary kidney

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Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Extended Beef Rounds Containing gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第11期7卷 977-988页

作者： Johnson K. Mwove Lilian A. Gogo Ben N. Chikamai Mary N. Omwamba Symon M. Mahungu Dairy and Food Science and Technology Department Egerton University Egerton Kenya Kenya Forest Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

It was of interest to determine the water holding effect of the gum from the Acacia senegal var. kerensis in extended beef rounds. Beef rounds injected at two injection levels (30% and 35% over green weight) with curing brines containing gum arabic at 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of the final product were investigated. A non-injected sample and a product injected with soy protein concentrate (SPC) at 3.5% of the final product weight were prepared for comparison. Mean results indicated that the level of gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis used in curing brines significantly increased the cook yield and reduced the extractable moisture in cooked extended beef rounds. The injection of beef with curing brine also significantly increased the cook yield and the extractable moisture of the extended beef rounds as compared to the non-injected beef samples. Both injection and gum levels had a significant effect on the proximate composition and sensory properties of the resulting beef rounds. Sensory analysis revealed that samples containing gum arabic at 2.5% were juicier and comparable to those containing SPC at 3.5% injection level. Furthermore, these samples had the highest overall preference comparable to samples injected with curing brines containing SPC. This is the first report on the physicochemical properties of extended beef rounds containing gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis.

关键词： gum arabic Expressible Moisture Extended Beef Rounds Curing Brine Injection

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Enhancement of the Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Actions of Eugenol from Spice Clove and the Stabilizer gum arabic on Colorectal Carcinogenesis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 71-100页

作者： Nayanna de Oliveira Ramos Melo Lucas Gabriel da Costa Marques Humberto Maia Costa Neto Matheus De Sousa Silva Francisco Vagnaldo Fechine Jamacaru Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti Antônio Adailson De Sousa Silva Conceição Aparecida Dornelas Postgraduate Program in Medical-Surgical Sciences School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Nucleus of Research and Development of Medicines (NPDM) Laboratory of Pharmacology and Preclinical Research School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Nucleus for Research and Development of Medicines (NPDM) National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Postgraduate Program in Pathology and Medical-Surgical Sciences School of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

Spices are defined as any aromatic condiment of plant origin used to alter the flavor and aroma of foods. Besides flavor and aroma, many spices have antioxidant activity, mainly related to the presence in cloves of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and eugenol. In turn, the most common uses of gum arabic are in the form of powder for addition to soft drink syrups, cuisine and baked goods, specifically to stabilize the texture of products, increase the viscosity of liquids and promote the leavening of baked products (e.g., cakes). Both eugenol, extracted from cloves, and gum arabic, extracted from the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, are dietary constituents routinely consumed virtually throughout the world. Both of them are also widely used medicinally to inhibit oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The prevention arm of the study included groups: Ia, IIa, IIIa, Iva, V, VI, VII, VIII. Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the same period and for an additional 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG, or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The treatment arm of the study included groups Ib, IIb, IIIb e IVb, IX, X, XI, XII). Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the subsequent 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The novelty of this study is the investigation of their use alone and together for the prevention and treatment of experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Our results show that the combined use of 10% gum arabic and eugenol was effective, with antioxidant action in the colon, as well as reducing oxidative stress in all colon segments and preventing and treating genotoxicity in all colon segments. Furthermore, their joint administration reduced the number of aberrant crypts and th

关键词： Eugenol gum arabic Carcinogenesis Oxidative Stress Genotoxicity

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Physico-Chemical, and Sensory Properties of Mayonnaise Substitute Prepared from Chia Mucilage (Salvia hispanica L.) and gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 880-898页

作者： Lydia Apondi Odep Symon Maina Mahungu Mary Nyambeki Omwamba Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Njoro Kenya

gum arabic (GA) from Acacia senegal var. kerensis has been approved as an emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener, and encapsulator in food processing industry. Chia mucilage, on the other hand, has been approved to be used as a fat and egg yolk mimic. However, both chia mucilage and gum arabic are underutilized locally in Kenya;thus, marginal reports have been published despite their potential to alter functional properties in food products. In this study, the potential use of chia mucilage and gum arabic was evaluated in the development of an eggless fat-reduced mayonnaise (FRM). The mayonnaise substitute was prepared by replacing eggs and partially substituting sunflower oil with chia mucilage at 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% levels and gum arabic at 3% while reducing the oil levels to 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. The effect of different concentrations of oil and chia mucilage on the physicochemical properties, for example, pH, emulsion stability, moisture content, protein, carbohydrate, fats, calories, ash, and titratable acidity using AOAC methods and sensory properties for both consumer acceptability and quantitative descriptive analysis of mayonnaise were evaluated and compared to the control with eggs and 75% sunflower oil. The results indicated that all fat-reduced mayonnaises had signiﬁcantly lower energy to 493 kcal/100g and 20% fat content but higher water content of 0.74 than the control with 784 Kcal/100g calories, 77% fat and 0.39 moisture. These differences increased with increasing substitution levels of chia mucilage, as impacted on pH, carbohydrate, and protein. There was no significant difference between ash content for both fat-reduced mayonnaise and control. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that mayonnaises substituted with chia seeds mucilage and gum arabic were accepted. All the parameters are positively correlated to overall acceptability, with flavor having the strongest correlation of r = 0.78. Loadings from principal component analysis (PCA) of 16 sensory a

关键词： Mayonnaise Chia Mucilage gum arabic Physicochemical Sensory Properties

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Effect of gum arabic as Partial Replacement of Cement on the Durability Properties of Compressed Laterite Blocks

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第4期11卷 398-410页

作者： Alladjo Rimbarngaye John Nyiro Mwero Erick Kiplangat Ronoh Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Hosted at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Civil and Construction Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Compressed stabilized earth blocks are the innovation of building materials replacing the earth blocks commonly called adobe. Common stabilizers (cement and lime) have been found to be expensive and harmful to the environment. Finding a natural, available, environmentally friendly stabilizer is vital. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the effects of gum arabic (GA) as binder on the durability properties of laterite blocks. Compressed laterite blocks were stabilized with 2% and 6% respectively as total percentage of binders in the blocks (cement and/or GA). The results showed that GA improved the abrasion and drop resistances of compressed blocks. It has been found that the abrasion resistance of compressed blocks increased with the increase of GA content and the decrease of cement content. For instance, the mass abraded away of blocks stabilized with cement only was reduced up to 95.18% when GA was used to partially replace cement. As for drop test, the higher the content of GA the higher the resistance of blocks to drop.

关键词： gum arabic Compressed Stabilised Laterite Blocks Abrasion Resistance Earth Block Drop Resistance

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Effect of gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis as an Improver on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Dough

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 298-312页

作者： Roseline Mwihaki Kiama Mary Omwamba George Wafula Wanjala Symon Maina Mahungu Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute Nairobi Kenya

Dough improvers are substances with functional characteristics used in baking industry to enhance dough properties. Currently, the baking industry is faced with increasing demand for natural ingredients owing to increasing consumer awareness, thus contributing to the rising demand for natural hydrocolloids. gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis is a natural gum exhibiting excellent water binding and emulsification capacity. However, very little is reported on how it affects the rheological properties of wheat dough. The aim of this study was therefore, to determine the rheological properties of wheat dough with partial additions of gum arabic as an improver. Six treatments were analyzed comprising of: flour-gum blends prepared by adding gum arabic to wheat flour at different levels (1%, 2% and 3%), plain wheat flour (negative control), commercial bread flour and commercial chapati flour (positive controls). The rheological properties were determined using Brabender Farinograph, Brabender Extensograph and Brabender Viscograph. Results showed that addition of gum arabic significantly (p chapati. These findings support the need to utilize gum arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis as a dough improver.

关键词： gum arabic Improver Rheology Hydrocolloids Wheat Dough

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Influence of gum arabic from <i>Acacia Senegal</i>var. <i>kerensis</i>on the Modifications of Pasting and Textural Properties of Cassava and Corn Starches

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1098-1115页

作者： Virate Jepkogei Kiprop Mary N. Omwamba Symon M. Mahungu Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Applied Sciences The Eldoret National Polytechnic Eldoret Kenya

The use of hydrocolloids to modify the properties of native starches has been on the rise in the recent times due to the market demand for natural, safe and economical food ingredients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gum Arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis to modify pasting and textural properties of corn and cassava starches, as an alternative to chemical and enzymatic modification. Blends were prepared by substituting the starches with gum at different levels (0%, 0.5%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0%), whereas native corn and cassava starches were used as control. The pasting properties of the starch-gum mixed systems were determined using the Brabender viscograph while the textural properties (firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and work of cohesion) were determined using Texture Analyzer. Results showed that the gum Arabic significantly decreased all the viscosity parameters (peak viscosity, final viscosity, break down and setback values) of both starches at all levels of substitution. However, there was no significant effect of gum Arabic on the pasting temperature (72.05°C - 71.85°C) for corn starch and (68.90°C - 68.65°C)

关键词： Starch gum arabic Pasting Properties Textural Properties Retrogradation

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