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Testing gridded NWS 1-day observed precipitation analysis in a daily irrigation scheduler

Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 621-627页

作者： Gretchen F. Sassenrath J. M. Schneider A. M. Schmidt J. Q. Corbitt J. M. Halloran R. Prabhu Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Mississippi State University Mississippi USA Southeast Agricultural Research Center Kansas State University Parsons USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Grazinglands Research Laboratory El Reno USA USDA Agricultural Research Service New England Plant Soil and Water Research Laboratory University of Maine Orono USA

One of the inputs required by daily decision support tools for scheduling irrigation is the amount of water supplied by rainfall. In-field measurements of daily precipitation are expensive or laborious, while measurements from gauges within a few kilometers are frequently not representative due to the high spatiotemporal variability of precipitation. Online radarbased precipitation analyses from NOAA’s National Weather Service (NWS) have obvious potential to provide the needed data, but are known to have varying degrees of accuracy with location and conditions. The NWS precipitation analysis is computed on a 4 km × 4 km grid, so differences should also be expected between the product and individual gauge measurements under each grid cell. In order to test the utility of the NWS precipitation analysis in a daily irrigation scheduler, daily data were gathered in July 2012 from 18 weather stations under 2 NWS precapitation analysis grid cells across instru-mented research and production fields in the Mississippi Delta. Differences between individual station measurements and the NWS precipitation analysis are examined, and root-zone daily soil water deficits computed using both station data and the NWS precipitation analysis. Sub-grid spatial variability between gauge locations, and differences in precipitation between gauges and the gridded NWS analysis, are found to be similar to those reported elsewhere. Differences between time series of soil water deficit computed using the two different precipitation data sources are noted, but prove to be of limited impact on the decision to irrigate or not to irrigate. It is also noted that profile-filling rainfalls limit the impact of accumulating error, resetting the modeled soil water to “full”. Given the Delta-local practice of irrigating to replace full evapotranspirational water used, use of the NWS daily precipitation analysis data as input for a daily irrigation scheduler is judged not only acceptable, but also preferabl

关键词： Irrigation Daily Precipitation Scheduler gridded Radar

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An Independent Assessment of the Monthly PRISM gridded Precipitation Product in Central Oklahoma

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 249-258页

作者： Jeanne M. Schneider Donald L. Ford Bellevue Pharmacy Maryland Heights USA USDA Agricultural Research Service El Reno USA

Accurate, long-term records of precipitation are required for the development of climate-informed decision support tools for agriculture. But rain gauges are too sparsely located to meet this need, and radar-derived precipitation measurements are too recent in duration. Using all readily available station records, spatiotemporally continuous estimates of precipitation were created by the PRISM Climate Group to address this problem. As with all interpolated data, the validity of the gridded PRISM product requires validation, and given the extreme spatiotemporal variability of precipitation, such validation is essential. Previous work comparing the monthly precipitation product against contributing rain gauge data revealed inconsistencies that prompted the analysis reported herein. As a basis for checking the accuracy of the PRISM product, independent precipitation data gathered at a USDA research laboratory in central Oklahoma were quality controlled, including comparison to a co-located automated rain gauge operated by the Oklahoma Mesonet. Results indicate that the independent USDA gauge data are of sufficient quality to use in the evaluation of the PRISM product. The area average of the independent USDA data over a matching size area was then used to validate colocated gridded PRISM estimates. The validation results indicate that the monthly gridded PRISM precipitation estimates are close to the independent observed data in terms of means (smaller by 3% to 4.5%) and cumulative probability distributions (within ~4%), but with variances too small by 7% to 11%. From the point of view of agricultural decision support, these results indicate that PRISM estimates might be useful for probabilistic applications, such as downscaling climate forecasts or driving weather generators, assuming appropriate corrections to the higher-order statistics were applied. However, the number of months with potentially significant differences precludes the use of PRISM estimates for any r

关键词： Precipitation PRISM gridded Estimate Rain Gauge Spatiotemporal Variability

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Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第10期31卷 80-96页

作者： Xingke Gu Shasha Yin Xuan Lu Huan Zhang Lingling Wang Ling Bai Chen Wang Ruiqin Zhang Minghao Yuan Research Institute of Environmental Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001China Henan Environmental Monitoring Center Zhengzhou 450004 China Environmental Protection Monitoring Center Station of Zhengzhou Zhengzhou 450007 China

Central Plains region of China,represented by Henan Province,is facing serious air pollution *** exhaust emissions had adverse impacts on the atmospheric *** first comprehensive and novel vehicle emission inventory for Henan Province using vehicle kilometers traveled,localized emission factors,and activity data at city-level was ***,3 km×3 km gridded emission and temporal variations were determined by using localized *** show that the total emissions of sulfur dioxide(SO2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),carbon monoxide(CO),particular matter with aerodynamic diameter<10μm(PM10),aerodynamic diameter<2.5μm(PM2.5),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),VOCs-evaporation and ammonia in 2015 were 9.1,533.4,1190.7,23.7,21.6,150.8,31.5 and 10.4 Gg,respectively,and the emission intensities of the above pollutants were 0.05,2.7,6.0,0.1,0.1,0.8,0.2 and 0.05 g/km,*** meeting the Primary China 1,China 3 and China 4 contributed 89.1%,82.7%,75.3%,75.5%,75.5%,68.2%,68.4%and 82.3%for SO2,NOx,CO,PM10,PM2.5,VOCs,VOCs-evaporation and ammonia emissions,***,Zhoukou,Nanyang,Luoyang,Shangqiu and Xinyang showed relatively higher emissions and contributed more than 50%of each *** spatial distribution indicated obvious characteristics of the road network,and high-level emission was concentrated in the downtown ***,the ozone formation potential(OFP)based on the estimated speciated VOC emissions was 569.6 Gg in Henan *** and aromatic hydrocarbons were the main species of VOCs,whereas olefins contributed the largest proportion of OFP,with 42.2%.

关键词： Vehicle Emission standard gridded allocation Ozone formation potential Speciated volatile organic compounds

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Development and Evaluation of Hourly and Kilometer Resolution Retrospective and Real-Time Surface Meteorological Blended Forcing Dataset(SMBFD) in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1168-1181页

作者： Shuai HAN Chunxiang SHI Bin XU Shuai SUN Tao ZHANG Lipeng JIANG Xiao LIANG National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in *** observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations,satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY)series satellites retrievals,and the reanalysis products are obtained from the *** 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM)for temperature and humidity elevation *** dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity,10-m zonal and meridional winds,downward shortwave radiation,surface pressure,and *** spatial resolution is 1 km,and the temporal resolution is 1 *** the data processing procedure,various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis,the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT)model,the hybrid radiation estimation model,and a terrain correction algorithm are *** and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against *** SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the *** results are as follows.(1)All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2)Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations,while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3)Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers,the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher *** dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate,and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology,agriculture,ecology,environmental protection,***,this dataset has

关键词： surface meteorological forcing gridded real-time data fusion hourly temporal resolution 1-km spatial resolution dataset

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Angular Distribution and Cross Section Measurements of ^(64)Zn(n,α)^(61)Ni Reaction for Neutron Energy 5 MeV

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Chinese journal of nuclear physics 1995年第2期17卷 167-170页

作者： Yu.M.Gledenov G.Khuukhenkhuu Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna 141980Russia

A twin gridded ionization chamber with dual parameter data acquisition sys-tem is used to study neutron induced charged particle emission *** angulardistribution and cross section of n-particles from the 64Zn（n,α）6... 详细信息

关键词： Twin gridded chamber Dual parameter data acquisition system Angular distribution Energy spectrum Cross section

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