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grey wolf-Based Method for an Implicit Authentication of Smartphone Users

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3729-3741页

作者： Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi Mohamed Meselhy Eltoukhy University of Jeddah College of Computing and Information Technology at KhulaisDepartment of Information TechnologyJeddahSaudi Arabia

Smartphones have now become an integral part of our everyday *** authentication on smartphones is often accomplished by mechanisms(like face unlock,pattern,or pin password)that authenticate the user’s *** technologies are simple,inexpensive,and fast for repeated ***,these technologies are still subject to assaults like smudge assaults and shoulder ***’touch behavior while using their cell phones might be used to authenticate them,which would solve the *** performance of the authentication process may be influenced by the attributes chosen(from these behaviors).The purpose of this study is to present an effective authentication technique that implicitly offers a better authentication method for smartphone usage while avoiding the cost of a particular device and considering the constrained capabilities of *** began by concentrating on feature selection methods utilizing the grey wolf optimization *** random forest classifier is used to evaluate these *** testing findings demonstrated that the grey wolf-based methodology works as a better optimum feature selection for building an implicit authentication mechanism for the smartphone environment when using a public *** achieved a 97.89%accuracy rate while utilizing just 16 of the 53 characteristics like utilizing minimum mobile resources mainly;processing power of the device and memory to validate ***,the findings revealed that our approach has a lower equal error rate(EER)of 0.5104,a false acceptance rate(FAR)of 1.00,and a false rejection rate(FRR)of 0.0209 compared to the methods discussed in the *** promising results will be used to create a mobile application that enables implicit validation of authorized users yet avoids current identification concerns and requires fewer mobile resources.

关键词： Smartphone authentication implicit authentication grey wolf random forest feature selection

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The geographical distribution of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in China:a systematic review

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Zoological Research 2016年第6期37卷 315-326页

作者： Lu WANG Ya-Ping MA Qi-Jun ZHOU Ya-Ping ZHANG Peter SAVOLAINEN Guo-Dong WANG State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan ProvinceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Science for Life Laboratory Department of Gene TechnologyKTH-Royal Institute of Technology

The grey wolf （Canis lupus） is one of the most widely distributed terrestrial mammals, and its distribution and ecology in Europe and North America are largely well described. However, the distribution of grey wolves in southern China is still highly controversial. Several well-known western literatures stated that there were no grey wolves in southern China, while the presence of grey wolves across China has been indicated in A Guide to the Mammals of China, published by Princeton University Press. It is essential to solve this discrepancy since dogs may have originated from grey wolves in southern China. Therefore, we systematically investigated Chinese literatures about wild animal surveys and identified more than 100 articles and books that included information of the distribution of grey wolves in China. We also surveyed the collections of three Chinese natural museums and found 26 grey wolf skins specimens collected across China. Moreover, we investigated the fossil records in China and identified 25 archaeological sites with wolf remains including south China. In conclusion, with the comprehensive summary of Chinese literatures, museum specimens and fossil records, we demonstrate that grey wolves do distribute across all parts of the Chinese mainland, including the most southern parts.

关键词： China grey wolf Distribution Conservation

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