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Geographical distribution of red and green noctiluca scintillans

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 807-831页

作者： P. J. HARRISON K. FURUYA P. M. GLIBERT J. Xu H. B. LIU K. YIN J. H. W. LEE D. M. ANDERSON R. GOWEN A. R. AL-AZRI A. Y. T. HO Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China Department of Aquatic Bioscience University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory Cambridge MD 21613 USA School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543 USA Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK Department of Marine Science and Fisheries Sultan Qaboos University Muscat 123 Sultanate of Oman Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation Department Hong Kong China

The dinoflagellate noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae （a prasinophyte）, but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this review, we document the global distribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global distribution. Red noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10℃ to 25℃ and at higher salinities （generally not in estuaries）. It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. green noctiluca is much more restricted to a temperature range of 25℃-30℃ and mainly occurs in tropical waters of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal （east coast of India）, in the eastern, western and northern Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. Red and green noctiluca do overlap in their distribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian Sea with a seasonal shift from green noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.

关键词： noctiluca global distribution distribution map green noctiluca dinoflagellate

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