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Assessing the Environmental Impact of Extensive Beef Production in grazing Lands of Argentina

PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024年第8期93卷 1943-1962页

作者： Viglizzo, Ernesto Ricard, Florencia Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn Inst Ciencias Tierra & Ambientales La Pampa RA-6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina Univ Austral RA-2000 Rosario Santa Fe Argentina Secretaria Ambiente & Cambio Climat Gobierno La Pa RA-6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina Univ Nacl La Pampa Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat RA-6300 Santa Rosa La Pampa Argentina

Because of environmental constraints, beef cattle was for more than a century the only viable farming option in the extensive semiarid and subhumid lands of Argentina and the main source of nutrients for humans as well. However, a growing concern and criticism have risen today about its possible negative impact on the climate and the environment. These worries tend to affect current public opinions, national policies, and international trade. Based on 40 beef cattle farms scattered across different semiarid and subhumid regions of Argentina, here we evaluated the impact of extensive cattle production on carbon, water, and nutrient pollution. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Land-Based Assessment (LBA) were the two approaches we used here to compare the environmental impact of beef production. While the environmental footprint (EF) resulting from LCA expresses the impact per unit of food, the environmental balance (EB), derived from LBA, aims at quantifying the impact per unit of land. As such, the EB considers both negative and positive impacts on the farm as an integrated system. Following standardized procedures, we evaluated EF and EB up to the farm gate, leaving aside delocalized post-farm impacts such as those of processing, packaging, and transportation that occur beyond the farm gate. In agreement with previous evidence, our results show that the EF tends to decrease as per-head production increases. Correlation coef fi cients and statistical signi fi cance were the following for carbon (R = - 0.574; p < 0.01), water (R = - 0.561; p < 0.01), and N (R = - 0.704; p < 0.01) and Phosphorus (P) pollution (R = - 0.802; p < 0.01) footprints. On the contrary, the EB seems to be highly sensitive, and as per-hectare beef production increases. Correlations were the following for carbon emissions (CE: R = 0.955; p < 0.01), water consumption (WC: R = 0.822; p < 0.01), nitrogen excretion (NE: R = 0.948; p < 0.01) and phosphorus excretion (PE: R = 0.945; p < 0.01). What our

关键词： Beef production extensive cattle raising grazing conditions environmental impact assessment WATER FOOTPRINT LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION CARBON-BALANCE EMISSIONS AGRICULTURE FOOD

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