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grassland-type ecosystem stability in China differs under the influence of drought and wet events

Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 615-631页

作者： CAO Wenyu BAI Jianjun YU Leshan School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China International Business School Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710119China

Ecological stability is a core issue in ecological research and holds significant implications forhumanity. The increased frequency and intensity of drought and wet climate events resulting from climatechange pose a major threat to global ecological stability. Variations in stability among different ecosystemshave been confirmed, but it remains unclear whether there are differences in stability within the sameterrestrial vegetation ecosystem under the influence of climate events in different directions and ***'s grassland ecosystem includes most grassland types and is a good choice for studying this *** study used the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index-12 (SPEI-12) to identify thedirections and intensities of different types of climate events, and based on Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index (NDVI), calculated the resistance and resilience of different grassland types for 30consecutive years from 1990 to 2019 (resistance and resilience are important indicators to measurestability). Based on a traditional regression model, standardized methods were integrated to analyze theimpacts of the intensity and duration of drought and wet events on vegetation stability. The resultsshowed that meadow steppe exhibited the highest stability, while alpine steppe and desert steppe had thelowest overall stability. The stability of typical steppe, alpine meadow, temperate meadow was at anintermediate level. Regarding the impact of the duration and intensity of climate events on vegetationecosystem stability for the same grassland type, the resilience of desert steppe during drought was mainlyaffected by the duration. In contrast, the impact of intensity was not significant. However, alpine steppewas mainly affected by intensity in wet environments, and duration had no significant impact. Ourconclusions can provide decision support for the future grassland ecosystem governance.

关键词： grassland ecosystem stability resistance resilience different climate types drought climate event wet climate event

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Response of a grassland ecosystem to Climate Change in a Theoretical Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第6期28卷 1266-1278页

作者：孙国栋穆穆 The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The response of a grassland ecosystem to climate change is discussed within the context of a theoretical *** optimization approach,a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to parameter（CNOP-P） approach,was employed in this *** CNOP-P,a perturbation of moisture index in the theoretical model,represents a nonlinear climate *** kinds of linear climate perturbations were also used to study the response of the grassland ecosystem to different types of climate *** results show that the extent of grassland ecosystem variation caused by the CNOP-P-type climate change is greater than that caused by the two linear types of climate *** addition,the grassland ecosystem affected by the CNOP-P-type climate change evolved into a desert ecosystem,and the two linear types of climate changes failed within a specific amplitude range when the moisture index recovered to its reference ***,the grassland ecosystem response to climate change was *** study yielded similar results for a desert ecosystem seeded with both living and wilted biomass *** quantitative analysis performed in this study also accounted for the role of soil moisture in the root zone and the shading effect of wilted biomass on the grassland ecosystem through nonlinear interactions between soil and *** results of this study imply that the CNOP-P approach is a potentially effective tool for assessing the impact of nonlinear climate change on grassland ecosystems.

关键词： conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation parameter perturbation CNOP-P grassland ecosystem climate change

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The plateau pika has multiple benefits for alpine grassland ecosystem in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 677-680,676页

作者： Xinquan Zhao Liang Zhao Tianwei Xu Shixiao Xu Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina

The plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)has been engaged in pest control for many years based on the logic that the plateau pika is responsible for alpine grassland degradation and competes with livestock for forage ***,the plateau pika is an important species which has multiple benefits in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,as it(i)makes burrows that are the primary homes for lizards and a variety of small birds;(ii)creates microhabitat disturbance that promotes the increase of plant species richness;(iii)serves as the principal prey for almost all of the plateau predator species;and(iv)contributes positively to the dynamic equilibriumof alpine ecosystems.

关键词： Plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) grassland ecosystem plant biodiversity predator pest control

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Simulation of soil erosion dynamics in grassland ecosystem of semi-arid China using the CENTURY model

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2000年第3期10卷 81-86页

作者： ZHANG Jia-hua1, FU Cong-bin 1 ,YAO Feng-mei 2 (1. START, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China 2. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

Soil erosion can cause considerable effect on global natural resources and eco-environment. In the paper, the CENTURY model has been used to simulate soil erosion in Xilin Gol grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed before the 1960s, the soil erosion amount was over 2 kg /m2.a in grassland ecosystem in the study area because no trees had been planted. But after the 1960s the mean annual accumulator C lost from soil organic matter due to soil erosion was only 0.3 kg /m2.a in forest ecosystem. So afforestation has exerted notable effect on decreasing soil erosion amount in Xilin Gol grassland.

关键词： soil erosion CENTURY model grassland ecosystem semi-arid environment

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Study on Soil and Water Conservation Benefit Models of grassland ecosystem──A Case Study on Jianou Mountain Grasslan ecosystem

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2001年第4期13卷 392-396页

作者： ZHU Lian-qi, WANG Yu-biao, ZHAO Qing-liang 1. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China 2. Zhoukou Institute of Environment Science, Zhoukou 466001, China College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifeng 475001 China Zhoukou Institute of Environment Science Zhoukou 466001 China

This paper studies the mechanism of grassland ecosystem's soil and water conservation function on the basis of two years experiment and inspection in Jianou mountain grassland ecosystem experiment station, Fujian province. After anaIysis on the data of soil erosion and runoff coefficient, relations between eroded soil, runoff and slope gradient. we establish soil and water conservation benefit models. According to the mode1s, experiment and inspection results, some proposals have been made to decrease the area of soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas, e. g., optimizing land use structure in mountainous areas, taking suitable measures for local condition, closing hills for grassland development, accelerating restoration and raising quality of mountain grassland ecosystem, strengthening scientific and technological input, breeding the grass species that are suitable to local physical geographic condition.

关键词： soil and water conservation benefit models grassland ecosystem land use structure

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Grasshopper （Orthoptera： Acrididae） biodiversity and grassland ecosystems

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 221-227页

作者： ZHONG-WEI GUO HONG-CHANG LI YA-LING GAN Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology State Key Laboratory of Integrated Mangement of Pest Insectsand Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Interesting results may arise by combining studies on the structure and function of ecosystems with that of biodiversity for certain species. Grasshopper biodiversity is the result of the evolution of grassland ecosystems; however, it also impacts on the structure and the function of those ecosystems. We consider there to be a close relationship between the health of grassland ecosystems and grasshopper biodiversity. The main problems involved in this relationship are likely to include：（i） grasshopper biodiversity and its spatial pattern; （ii） the effect of grasshopper biodiversity on the ecological processes of grassland ecosystems; （iii） the biodiversity threshold of grasshopper population explosions; （iv） the relationship between grasshopper biodiversity and the natural and human factors that affect grassland ecosystems; and （v） grasshopper biodiversity and the health of grassland ecosystems. The solutions to these problems may provide sound bases for controlling disasters caused by grasshoppers and managing grassland ecosystems in the west of China. In this paper, we introduced two concepts for grasshopper biodiversity, that is, ＂spatial pattern＂ and ＂biodiversity threshold＂. It is helpful to understand the action of the spatial pattern of grasshopper biodiversity on the ecological processes of grassland ecosystems and the effect of this spatial pattern on the health of those ecosystems, owing to the fact that, in the west of China, grasslands are vast and grasshoppers are widely distributed. Moreover, we inferred that the change in the level of component richness at each type of grasshopper biodiversity can make an impact on grassland ecosystems, and therefore, there is likely to be a threshold to grasshopper biodiversity for the stability and the sustainability of those ecosystems.

关键词： biodiversity grasshopper grassland ecosystem spatial pattern threshold

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Responses of grazing households to different levels of payments for ecosystem services

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ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 50-64页

作者： Weiwei Shen Ting Zhou Hong Chang Xiao Qiu Yahong Liu Hailian Sun Xiu Zhai Hongbo Yang Guihuan Liu Wu Yang Center for Intelligent Ecology and Sustainability College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry HohhotChina Global Development Policy Center Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning BeijingChina

Introduction:Payments for ecosystem Services(PES)programs have been implemented globally to protect ecosystems while securing the well-being of affected *** payment standards are key to successful PES *** some approaches are available for determining payment standards,few studies have applied them for grassland conservation with location indicators and socioeconomic contexts properly ***:Using China’s first pilot grassland Ecological Compensation Policy(GECP)as an example,we analyzed the effects of payment levels,other natural and socioeconomic factors on herders’willingness to participate in the GECP in Damao County in Inner Mongolia where grassland degradation is happening at an alarming rate due to overgrazing and cropland ***:Our results show that households with lower herding income,older age,higher education,larger grassland areas,and worse social relationships are more inclined to participate in the *** payment level,as well as natural and socioeconomic contextual factors,significantly affect the response of herdsmen,and a reasonable grassland payment standard with a 95%policy compliance rate should be 8.8 yuan *** and Conclusion:Our findings can inform governments to develop effective PES programs to balance the need of human well-being improvement and grassland conservation in China and beyond.

关键词： Conservation grassland ecosystem grassland compensation ecological compensation standard ecosystem management:poverty alleviation

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Impact of human activities on soil respiration:A review

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第4期1卷 287-299页

作者： Fang Zhang,Tao Wang,Xian Xue,Jian Guo State Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute,Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China. Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm Engn Res Inst State Key Lab Desert & Desertificat Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China

Soil respiration is one of the primary fluxes of carbon between soils and the *** is produced by rhizosphere respiration and soil microbial *** respiration is not only affected by environmental factors,but also changes with the hu-man-induced disturbances of ***-use,the measures of land management,the pollution of soil,and so on can affect soil respiration and change the soil *** to some research,the authors summed up their impacts on soil respiration by human activities through land-use changes and land-management measures among agroecosystem,grassland ecosystem,and for-est *** results showed that (1) when adding fertilization to farmland,the soil respiration will increase;(2) fenced land can decrease soil respiration,while soil respiration in the grazed land at a grassland ecosystem will decline with the increasing of grazing intensity;(3) with grassland fertilization;farmland cultivation;fire,fertilization,and cutting of forest,conflicting results were found in the changes of soil *** plant species,site condition,and measurement season can lead to different results on soil respiration.

关键词： human activities soil respiration agroecosystem grassland ecosystem forest ecosystem

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