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Effects of grassland degradation and Re-vegetation on Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in the Soils of the Headwater Area Nature Reserve on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第3期12卷 582-591页

作者： SU Xu-kun WU Yu DONG Shi-kui WEN Lu LI Yuan-yuan WANG Xue-xia School of Environment Beijing Normal University

Both overgrazing and climate change contribute to grassland degradation in the alpine regions of China and negatively affect soil carbon and nitrogen pools. We quantified changes in soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） in black soil beach （BSB）. We measured SOC and TN in severely degraded and non-degraded grasslands to calculate differences in carbon and nitrogen storage, and field survey results were extrapolated to the entire headwaters area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （36.3xlos krn~） to determine SOC and TN losses from these grasslands. We also evaluated changes in SOC and TN in severely degraded grasslands that were artificially re-vegetated five, seven and nine years ago. Totally 92.43 Tg C and 7.08 Tg N were lost from the BSB in the headwater area, which was approximately 50% of the original C and N soil pools. Re-vegetation of the degraded grasslands in the headwater area would result in a gain of 32.71 Tg C in the soil after five years, a loss of 5.5a Tg C after seven years and an increase of 44.15 Tg C after nine years. The TN increased by 53.09% and 59.98% after five and nine years, respectively, while it decreased by 4.92% after seven years of re-vegetation. The results indicate that C and N stocks followed a ＂V＂ shaped pattern with re- vegetation time. Understanding plant-soil interactions during succession of artificially planting grassland ecosystems is essential for developing scientifically sound management strategies for the effectively re-vegetated BSB.

关键词： Black soil beach grassland degradation Soil loss Revegetation Alpine grasslands Soil carbonsequestration Soil nitrogen sequestration

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Nematode Faunal Response to grassland degradation in Horqin Sandy Land

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 611-618页

作者： LIANG Wen-Ju ZHONG Shuang HUA Jian-Feng CAO Cheng-You JIANG Yong Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

The responses of soil nematode communities to grassland degradation were studied under undegraded grassland (UG), degraded grassland (DG),and improved grassland (IG),in Horqin Sandy Land,Inner Mongolia,Northeast *** samples were collected at depths of 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 *** organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited positive effects on the total number of nematodes and trophic *** treatment effects were found in the total number of nematodes,plant parasites,and *** taken in the improved grassland could improve the number of omnivore-predators,especially in the deeper soil *** richness was lower in the DG treatment than in the IG and UG *** food web structure index (SI) was significantly higher in the UG and IG treatments than in the DG treatment.A higher SI suggested a food web with more trophic linkages and relatively healthy ecosystems.

关键词： functional groups grassland degradation Horqin Sandy Land soil nematodes

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Alpine grassland degradation intensifies the burrowing behavior of small mammals:evidence for a negative feedback loop

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 240-252页

作者： Zaiwei WANG Jiawen YAN Amy MARTIN Dianne HBRUNTON Jiapeng QU Jin-Sheng HE Weihong JI Zhibiao NAN State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research LincolnNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey University(Albany Campus)AucklandNew Zealand Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine grassland Ecosystem Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Globally,grassland degradation is an acute ecological *** alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau,increased densities of various small mammals in degraded grassland are assumed to intensify the degradation process and these mammals are subject to lethal ***,whether the negative impact of small mammals is solely a result of population size or also a result of activity and behavior has not been *** this study,we use plateau pika as a model to compare population size,core area of colony,and the number of burrow entrances and latrines between lightly and severely degraded *** test whether the alleged contribution of pika to grassland degradation is a result of increased population size or increased burrowing activities of individuals in response to lower food *** found that grassland degradation resulted in lower plant species richness,plant height,and ***,the overall population size of pika was not significantly affected by location in lightly and severely degraded ***,pika core areas in severely grassland degradation were significantly larger and had significantly higher densities of burrows and *** study provides convincing evidence that habitat-induced changes in the behavior of small,burrowing mammals,such as pika,can exacerbate grassland *** finding has significant implications for managing small mammals and restoring degraded grassland ecosystems.

关键词： burrowing behavior grassland degradation plateau pika population size small mammals

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Effect of grassland degradation on soil quality and soil biotic community in a semi-arid temperate steppe

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 749-759页

作者： Xu Han Yuhui Li Xiaofang Du Yingbin Li Zhengwen Wang Siwei Jiang Qi Li Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

grasslands provide a number of ecosystem services for human *** of grasslands results in the loss of biodiversity and leads to the deterioration of ecosystem *** order to accurately assess the influence of grassland degradation on belowground ecosystems,we conducted experiments on a temperate steppe with different levels of degradation and investigated the influence of degradation on soil quality and soil biotic *** results showed that grassland degradation significantly decreased soil quality,with lower values of soil quality index(SQI)observed in the degraded grassland than the meadow steppe and the grassland from the forest-steppe *** in the SQI along the grassland degradation gradient were positively correlated with soil carbon stock and the aboveground biomass,and negatively correlated with the root shoot *** trophic diversity and the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA were lower in the degraded grassland than the grassland from the forest-steppe *** dissimilarities in soil microbial and nematode community composition increased with the changes in soil quality *** results indicate that soil quality index based on the minimum data sets could effectively assess the influence of grassland degradation on soil biodiversity and ecosystem *** order to effectively restore degraded grasslands,the key contributors to the soil quality,such as soil carbon,should be taken on priority basis for revitalizing the soil biodiversity and ecosystem function.

关键词： Soil quality Soil biodiversity grassland degradation Soil nematode community

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Small-scale switch in cover-perimeter relationships of patches indicates shift of dominant species during grassland degradation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 704-712页

作者： Ming-Hua Song Johannes HCCornelissen Yi-Kang Li Xing-Liang Xu Hua-Kun Zhou Xiao-Yong Cui Yan-Fen Wang Rong-Yan Xu Qi Feng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Systems Ecology Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of Earth and Life SciencesVU UniversityDe Boelelaan 10851081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Plant Science Research Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and ResearchPlant Science Research CenterShanghai Chenshan Botanic GardenShanghai 201602China Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Aims grasslands are globally threatened by climate changes and unsustainable land-use,which often cause transitions among alternative stable states,and even catastrophic transition to *** vegetation patch configurations have been shown to signify such transitions at large spatial ***,we demonstrate how small-scale patch configurations can also indicate state *** The whole spatial series of degradation successions were chosen in alpine grasslands characterized as seven typical *** numbers,and perimeter and cover of each patch were recorded using adjacent quadrats along transects in each type of the *** abundance within each patch was *** Findings Across seven grazing-induced degradation stages in the world’s largest expanse of grassland,from dense ungrazed turf to bare black-soil crust,patch numbers and perimeters first increased as patch cover *** and perimeters then decreased rapidly beyond an intersection point at 68%of initial continuous vegetation *** this point,the vegetation fluctuated back and forth between the sedge-dominated grassland breaking-up phase and the forb-dominated phase,suggesting impending shift of grassland *** study thus demonstrates how ground-based small-scale vegetation surveys can provide a quantitative,easy-to-use signals for vegetation degradation,with promise for detecting the catastrophic transition to desertification.

关键词： grassland degradation state transition Tibetan Plateau trade-off vegetation patchiness

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grassland degradation in the ＂Three-River Headwaters＂ region, Qinghai Province

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2008年第3期18卷 259-273页

作者： LIU Jiyuan XU Xinliang SHAO Quanqin Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Supported by MSS images in the mid and late 1970s,TM images in the early 1990s and TM/ETM images in 2004,grassland degradation in the＂Three-River Headwaters＂region （TRH region）was interpreted through analysis on RS images in two time series,then the spatial and temporal characteristics of grassland degradation in the TRH region were analyzed since the *** results showed that grassland degradation in the TRH region was a continuous change process which had large affected area and long time scale,and rapidly strengthen phenomenon did not exist in the 1990s as a *** degradation pattern in the TRH region took shape initially in the mid and late *** the 1970s,this degradation process has taken place continuously,obviously characterizing different rules in different *** humid and semi-humid meadow region,grassland firstly fragmentized, then vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally＂black-soil-patch＂degraded grassland was *** in semi-arid and arid steppe region,the vegetation coverage decreased continuously,and finally desertification was *** grassland degradation had obviously regional differences in the TRH region,it could be regionalized into 7 zones, and each zone had different characteristics in type,grade,scale and time process of grassland degradation.

关键词： "Three-River Headwaters" region Qinghai grassland degradation remote sensing spatial pattern temporal process

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Simulation of Effects of grassland degradation on Regional Climate over Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2009年第3期23卷 350-362页

作者：廉丽姝束炯 Key Laboratory of Geographical Information Science Ministry of Education Institute of Urban Climate and Atmospheric Environment East China Normal University College of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal University

Regional climate model （RegCM3） was applied to explore the possible effects of land use changes （e.g., grassland degradation in this study） on local and regional climate over the Sanjiangyuan region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Two multiyear （1991-1999） numerical simulation experiments were conducted： one was a control experiment with current land use and the other was a desertification experiment with potential grassland degradation. Preliminary analysis indicated that RegCM3 is appropriate for simulating land- climate interactions, as the patterns of the simulated surface air temperature, the summer precipitation, and the geopotential height fields are consistent with the observed values. The desertification over the Sanjiangyuan region will cause different climate effects in different regions depending on the surrounding environment and climate characteristics. The area with obvious change in surface air temperature inducing by grassland degradation over the Sanjiangyuan region is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A winter surface air temperature drop and the other seasons＇ surface air temperature increase will be observed over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on two numerical simulation experiments. Surface air temperature changes in spring are the largest （0.46℃）, and in winter are the smallest （smaller than 0.03℃）, indicating an increasing mean annual surface air temperature over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Surface air temperature changes will be smaller and more complex over the surrounding region, with minor winter changes for the regions just outside the plateau and notable summer changes over the north of the Yangtze River. The reinforced summer heat source in the plateau will lead to an intensification of heat low, causing the West Pacific subtropical high to retreat eastward. This will be followed by a decrease of precipitation in summer. The plateau＇s climate tends to become warm and dry due to the grassland degradation over the Sanjiangyuan region.

关键词： Sanjiangyuan region grassland degradation regional climate model (RegCM3) climate change numerical simulation

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RS-and-GIS-Supported Forecast of grassland degradation in Southwest Songnen Plain by Markov Model

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2005年第2期8卷 104-109页

作者： LI Jianping ZHANG Bai GAO FengLI Jianping,Ph.D candidate, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agriculture Ecology,CAS,Changchun 130012 Postgraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agriculture Ecology CAS Changchun Postgraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

By taking Daan city in Jilin Province as a research object and by using TM image in 1989 and ETM + image in 2001 from American LANDSAT satellite,all kinds of maps and documentation,information of grassland,saline-alkalized land,cropland,water area and forestland is extracted by man-computer interactive interpretation method with ArcView and ArcInfo GIS software, and statistics data is acquired. On the basis of this the changing trend of land use types in the next ten years is forecasted and analyzed with Markov model. The results indicate that the problem of grassland degradation in the study area is quite serious.

关键词： remote sensing geographic information system grassland degradation imageinterpretation markov model

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Food-Chain Model of grassland degradation and Its Restoration Process in Northern Tibet Plateau:A Case Study in Nierong County

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 963-968页

作者： ZHOU Wei ZENG Yunying LIU Shuzhen Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Civil Engineering and Urban Construction JiujiangUniversity Jiujiang 332005 Jiangxi China

Based on the model of grassland climate ecological productivity, the process of grassland degradation and its restoration mechanism in northern Tibetan Plateau were discussed by the model of food-chain in which the environmental and human factors were corrected. The results of case study in Nierong County showed that： ① the climate trend of becoming warmer, more droughts and gales were conflicted with the restoration of grassland degradation, even under level of perfect management the climate ecological productivity was declined from 89. 3 kg/m^2 of 1983 to 71.8 kg/m^2 of 2003; ② from 1983 to 2003, the population increased fast, while the variation of livestock on hand was little, and the cost of its maintaining is rapid grassland degradation; ③ on the present condition of overgrazing, the livestock on hand can be maintained on the level of theoretical carrying capacity in 2033 by applying the mechanism of food-chain in grassland ecological system controlled with expected coefficients, so that to realize the policy of determining the quantity of livestock according to grass growth.

关键词： grassland degradation food-chain restoration northern Tibetan Plateau Nierong County

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grassland degradation in Northern Tibet based on remote sensing data

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2006年第2期16卷 165-173页

作者： GAO Qingzhu LI Yu＇e WAN Yunfan LIN Erda XIONG Wei JIANGCUN Wangzha WANG Baoshan LI Wenfu Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development for Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Naqu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau Tibet Autonomous RegionNaqu 852100China

This study selected vegetation cover as the main evaluation index, calculated the grassland degradation index （GDI） and established the remote sensing monitoring and evaluation system for grassland degradation in Northern Tibet, according to the National Standard （GB19377-2003）, based on the remote sensing data such as NDVI data derived from NOAA/AVHRR with a spatial resolution of 8 km of 1981-2000, from SPOT/VGT with a spatial resolution of 1 km of 2001 and from MODIS with a spatial resolution of 0.25 km of 2002-2004 respectively in this area, in combination with the actual condition of grassland degradation. The grassland degradation processes and their responses to climate change during 1981-2004 were discussed and analyzed in this paper. The result indicated that grassland degradation in Northern Tibet is very serious, and the mean value of GDI in recent 20 years is 2.54 which belongs to the serious degradation grade. From 1981 to 2004, the GDI fluctuated distinctly with great interannual variations in the proportion of degradation degree and GDI but the general tendency turned to severe-grade during this period with the grassland degradation grade changed from light degraded to serious degraded in Northern Tibet. The extremely serious degraded and serious degraded grassland occupied 1.7% and 8.0% of the study area, the moderate and light degraded grassland accounted for 13.2% and 27.9% respectively, and un-degraded grassland occupied 49.2% of the total grassland area in 2004. The grassland degradation was serious, especially in the conjunctive area of Naqu, Biru and Jiali counties, the headstream of the Yangtze River lying in the Galadandong snow mountain and glaciers, the area along the Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway, and areas around the Tanggula and Nianqingtanggula snow mountains and glaciers. So the snow mountains and glaciers as well as their adjacent areas in Northern Tibet were sensitive to climate change and the areas along the vital communication l

关键词： grassland degradation temporal and spatial distribution remote sensing monitoring

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