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Wheat streak mosaic virus： incidence in field crops, potential reservoir within grass species and uptake in winter wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 523-531页

作者： Jana Chalupniková Jiban Kumar Kundu Khushwant Singh Pavla Bartaková Eva Beoni Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague 12843 Czech Republic

Wheat streak mosaic virus（WSMV）has become a re-emerging pathogen in cereal crops in the Czech *** was first reported in the former Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s,and then no record of the virus was documented until *** incidence of the virus was recorded in recent years in several winter wheat fields and many grass ***,we surveyed the incidence of WSMV in cereal *** results demonstrated the existence of the virus in winter wheat and volunteer wheat during each year of the monitoring period,which spanned from 2013–*** the range of infected samples was low（6.4%of the total tested samples）,a high incidence of well-distributed virus was *** at least six fields,the virus reached severe and potentially epidemic *** accordance with our previous report detailing WSMV infection of native grasses,we tested several grass species commonly grown in the Czech *** found that some grass species acted as experimental hosts and possible reservoirs of the virus;these included Anthoxanthum odoratum（sweet vernal grass）,Arrhenatherum elatius（false oat-grass）,Lolium multiflorum（Italian rye-grass）,Bromus japonicus（Japanese chess）,Echinochloa crus-galli（barnyard grass）,Holcus lanatus（meadow soft grass）and Holcus mollis（creeping soft grass）.Some of these grass species are also important weeds of cereals,which may be the potential source of WSMV infection in cereal *** widely used winter wheat cultivars were tested in the field after artificial inoculation with WSMV to evaluate virus titre by ***,the tested cultivars had a low virus titre,which is associated with mild disease symptoms and may provide a good level of crop resistance to WSMV.

关键词： WSMV survey grass species cereal crops

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Intraspecific trait variation in three common grass species reveals fine-scale species adjustment to local environmental conditions

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 887-898页

作者： Tina Buchmann Jens Schumacher Christiane Roscher UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 4Halle 06120Germany Institute of Mathematics StochasticsFriedrich Schiller University JenaErnst-Abbe-Platz 2Jena 07743Germany UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPhysiological DiversityPermoserstraße 15Leipzig 04318Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig 04103Germany

Aims Studies along environmental gradients have shown that intraspecific trait variation(ITV)may contribute considerably to community-level trait ***,we lack knowledge about how the extent of ITV varies on a local scale and whether a varying extent of ITV is related to differences in local environmental site and plant commu-nity *** We investigated plant height,specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry mat-ter content(LDMC)and leaf greenness of three common grass spe-cies(Arrhenatherum elatius,Dactylis glomerata,Poa pratensis)in 12 mown grasslands in a local study area around Jena(Thuringia,Germany)across three spatially hierarchical sampling levels:between sites,between subplots within site and within *** Findings Arrhenatherum elatius and *** had higher means in plant height and a lower variation in leaf traits than *** major proportions of variation in leaf traits of *** and *** were found within subplots,while the traits of *** varied mainly between *** correlations across the hierarchical sam-pling levels were highly consistent in ***,but more variable in *** and *** site and plant commu-nity characteristics mostly explained a larger proportion of variation in trait means in *** than in *** and ***,while metrics of ITV were generally less *** results suggest that trait variation in *** and *** is more strongly related to within-site conditions(*** interactions),while differences in local environmental conditions between sites have a strong impact on trait variation in *** our study was limited to three grass species,further studies with a greater number of species are required to make generalizations about the importance of biotic interactions and environmental conditions as drivers of ITV at local scale.

关键词： grass species intraspecific trait variation leaf traits

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Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Microbial Dynamics of Pasturelands: Impacts of Grazing Intensity and Planting Systems

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 408-416页

作者： WANG Yi DUAN Wen-Xia C.TU S.WASHBURN CHENG Lei S.HU State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Sichuan Tourism University Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

Management intensity critically influences the productivity and sustainability of pasture systems through modifying soil microbes, and soil carbon （C） and nutrient dynamics; however, such effects are not well understood yet ir the southeastern USA. We examined the effects of grazing intensity and grass planting system on soil C and nitrogen （N） dynamics, and microbial biomass and respiration in a long-term field experiment in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. A split-plot experiment was initiated in 2003 on a highly sandy soil under treatments of two grass planting systems （ryegrass rotation with sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and ryegrass seeding into a perennial bermudagrass stand） at low and high grazing densities. After 4 years of continuous treatments, soil total C and N contents across the 0 30 cm soil profile were 24.7% and 17.5% higher at the high than at the low grazing intensity, likely through promoting plant productivity and C allocation belowground as well as fecal and urinary inputs. grass planting system effects were significant only at the low grazing intensity, with soil C, N, and microbial biomass and respiration in the top 10 cm being higher under the ryegrass/bermudagrass than under the ryegrass/sorghum-sudangrass hybrid planting systems. These results suggest that effective management could mitigate potential adverse effects of high grazing intensities on soil properties and facilitate sustainability of pastureland.

关键词： C allocation grass species microbial respiration microbial biomass pastureland sustainability plant productivity

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Identification and Chemical Composition of Major Camel Feed Resources in Degahbur District of Jarar Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 366-379页

作者： Guled Hassen Kawnin Abdimahad Berhan Tamir Abdihakin Ma’alin Tadele Amentie Department of Animal and Range Sciences College of Dryland Agriculture Jigjiga University Jigjiga Ethiopia Department of Animal Production College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

This study was conducted to identify major available camel feed resources and determine their chemical composition in Degahbur district. A total of 120 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data from the selected actors were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and field observations. The study revealed that the majority (82.5%) of the respondents in the study area were male headed households. Browsing trees and shrubs were the major available livestock feed resources both in dry (51.6%) and wet (68%) season, and followed by herbaceous species (26.6 and 23.7% for dry and wet season, respectively). The study identified about 20 herbaceous, 24 trees, 11 shrubs, 7 bush and 17 grass species which are used as camel feed in the study area. Chemical composition analyses of the sampled feeds indicated that there was a significant difference in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) between species in different seasons. The NDF contents in the current study were above the critical value of 60% which was reported to result in decreased voluntary feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and longer rumination time. In general, the findings indicated that the use of improved forages and agro-industrial by-products as camel was minimal;thus, camels were fed on available feed resources which are poor in nutritional quality without any supplementation. Therefore, the study suggests the need for improving camel feeding practices in the study area to enhance camel productivity.

关键词： Camel Feed Browse species grass species Herbaceous

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