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Geodetic study on earth surface loading with GNSS and grace

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Satellite Navigation 2023年第3期4卷 1-13页

作者： Kosuke Heki Shuanggen Jin Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 200030China Hokkaido University N10 W8Kita‑kuSapporoHokkaido 060‑0810Japan School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

Ice,snow,and liquid water on the surface of the Earth exert downward force onto the solid earth and deform the lithosphere typically in seasonal *** techniques,such as Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS),made it possible to directly measure subtle displacements caused by *** can also observe such loads with time-variable gravity using gravity recovery and climate experiment *** techniques made surface loads an attracting scientific target of modern *** this paper we briefly review the history of geophysical studies of surface loads through geodetic observations of crustal deformation and time-variable *** also review advanced topics such as short-term crustal deformation due to severe meteorological episodes and monitoring of terrestrial water *** also present a few related topics such as the change of the obliquity of the Earth due to loads and artificial crustal subsidence signals caused by snow accretion onto GNSS antenna radomes.

关键词： GNSS grace Seasonal change Surface load Land hydrology Snow

Assessment of natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial water storage in the Loess Plateau based on different types of grace/grace-FO solutions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2173-2192页

作者： ZHANG Cheng CHEN Peng ZHU Chengchang LU Jierui ZHANG Yuchen YANG Xinyue WU Mengyan College of Geomatics Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China

Changes in water resource storage are inevitable due to climate change and human activities,thus understanding alterations in water storage within a specific region is imperative for the planning and management of water *** from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace)satellite mission are extensively employed to analyze large-scale total terrestrial water storage anomalies(TWSA).In this study,we derived a more reliable TWSA using different types of grace gravity models,which served as the basis for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage and its hydrological components(soil moisture and groundwater)across the Loess ***,we analyzed the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences on water storage in the Loess Plateau,categorizing them into primary and secondary influences,utilizing data on climate and human *** findings revealed a declining trend in the overall TWSA of the Loess Plateau,with a rate of decrease at-0.65±0.05 cm/yr from 2003 to 2020(P<0.01).As the direct factors affecting TWSA,soil moisture dominated the change of TWSA before 2009,and groundwater dominated the change of TWSA after ***,there was variability in the changes of TWSA in the Loess *** in-depth studies showed that soil moisture changes in the study area were primarily driven by evapotranspiration and temperature,with precipitation and vegetation cover status playing a secondary *** activities had a secondary effect on soil moisture in some *** change and agricultural development were major factors in altering groundwater storage in the study *** than that,groundwater was influenced by natural factors to a limited *** findings provided valuable insights for local governments to implement proactive water management policies.

关键词： grace Terrestrial water storage Human activity Loess Plateau

Trend of mass change in the Antarctic ice sheet recovered from the grace temporal gravity field

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第1期55卷 76-82页

作者： LUO ZhiCai LI Qiong ZHANG Kun WANG HaiHong School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan 430079China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan 430079China

It is important to quantify mass variations in the Antarctic ice sheet hybrid filtering scheme employing a combination of the decorrelated to study the global sea-level rise and climate change. A filter P3M6 and 300 km Fan filter was used, and the sur- face mass variations over the Antarctic are recovered from grace CSR RL04 monthly gravity field models from August 2002 to June 2010. After deduction of leakage errors using the GLDAS hydrological model and postglacial rebound effects using the glacial isostatic adjustment model IJ05, the variations in the ice sheet mass are obtained. The results reveal that the rate of melting of the Antarctic ice sheet is 80.0 Gt/a and increasing and contributes 0.22 mm/a to the global sea-level rise; the mass loss rate is 78.3 Gt/a in the West Antarctic and 1.6 Gt/a in the East Antarctic. The average mass loss rate increases from 39.3 Gt/a for the period 2002-2005 to 104.2 Gt/a for the period 2006-2010, and its corresponding contribution to the global sea-level rise increases from 0.11 to 0.29 mm/a, which indicates accelerated ice mass loss over the Antarctic since 2006. Moreover, the mass accumulation rates for Enderby Land and Wilkes Land along the coast of East Antarctica decrease for the period 2006-2008 but increase evidently after 2009.

关键词： grace temporal gravity field Antarctic ice sheet mass variation

Impact assessment of the seasonal hydrological loading on geodetic movement and seismicity in Nepal Himalaya using grace and GNSS measurements

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第5期13卷 445-455页

作者： Devendra Shashikant Nagale Suresh Kannaujiya Param K.Gautam Ajay K.Taloor Tandrila Sarkar Indian Institute of Remote Sensing ISRODehradunUttarakhand 248001India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunUttarakhand 248001India Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammu 180006India Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004India

The Himalayan terrain is an epitome of ongoing convergence and geodetic deformation where both tectonic and non-tectonic forces *** this study,the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace)and Global Positioning System(GPS)datasets are used to assess the impact of seasonal loading on deformation with seismicity in *** recorded GPS data from 21 Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)stations during 2017-2020 are processed with respect to ITRF14 and the Indian reference frame,and the Center for Space Research(CSR)mascon RL06 during 2002-2020 is adopted to estimate the terrestrial water storage(TWS)change over the Ganga-Brahmaputra River *** results indicate that the hydrological loading effect or TWS change shows high negative,high positive,and moderately positive values in pre-monsoon,co-monsoon,and post-monsoon months,*** detrended GPS data of both horizontal and vertical components correlate with the seasonal TWS change using the Pearson correlation coefficient at each GNSS *** addition,the correlation coefficient has been interpolated using inverse distance weighting to investigate the regional TWS influence on geodetic *** the north component,the correlation coefficient ranges from-0.6 to *** the same time,the TWS is positively correlated with geodetic displacement(0.82)in the east component,and the correlation coefficient is negative(-0.69)in the vertical *** negative correlation signifies an inverse relationship between seasonal TWS variation and geodetic *** strain rate is estimated,which shows higher negative values in pre-monsoon than in ***,the effect of seismicity is 47.90%for pre-monsoon,15.97%for co-monsoon,and 17.56%for *** we can infer that the seismicity decreases with the increase of seasonal hydrological ***,the effect of strain is much higher in pre-monsoon than in post-monsoon since the impact of co-monsoon continues to

关键词： Non-tectonic Terrestrial water storage grace Strain rate Seismicity

Runoff variations in the Yangtze River Basin and sub-basins based on grace, hydrological models, and in-situ data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第3期6卷 228-240页

作者： WeiLong Rao WenKe Sun University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Water budget closure is a method used to study the balance of basin water storage and the dynamics of relevant hydrological components(e.g.,precipitation,evapotranspiration,and runoff).When water budget closure is connected with terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)estimated from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace)data,variations in basin runoff can be understood *** this study,total runoff variations in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)and its sub-basins are examined in detail based on the water budget closure *** compare and combine mainstream precipitation and evapotranspiration models to determine the best estimate of precipitation minus *** addition,we consider human water consumption,which has been neglected in earlier studies,and discuss its *** evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the combined hydrological models in estimating subsurface runoff,we collect discharge variations derived from in situ observations in the YRB and its sub-basins and compare these data with the models’final estimated runoff *** estimated runoff variations suggest that runoff over the YRB has been increasing,especially in the lower sub-basins and in the post-monsoon season,and is accompanied by apparent terrestrial water loss.

关键词： runoff discharge Yangtze River Basin water budget closure grace

grace detection of the medium-to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2004 Mw9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2012年第3期25卷 235-240页

作者： Jin Li1,2,3 and Wenbin Shen1,3,4, 1 Department of Geophysics, School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China 2 Key Laboratory of Geodynamic Geodesy of Chinese Academy, Wuhan 430077, China 3 Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430079, China 1. Department of Geophysics School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China 2. Key Laboratory of Geodynamic Geodesy of Chinese Academy Wuhan 430077 China 3. Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy (Ministry of Education) Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China 4. State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan 430079 China

Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth’s gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (grace). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within grace monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10-8 m·s-2 in the region ranging ～40° from the epicenter, which is considered as the 'medium ffield' in this study. From the grace data released by Center for Space Research from August 2002 to December 2008, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian ffilter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by grace in the medium field have an average of (-0.20±0.06)×10-8 m·s-2, which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that grace is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry.

关键词： grace medium-to far-field coseismic gravity change 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake spherical-Earth dislocation model

Global Freshwater Storage Capability across Time Scales in the grace Satellite Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 905-917页

作者： Enda ZHU Xing YUAN Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Hydrology and Water Resources Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Freshwater is recharged mainly by rainfall and stored inland for a period of time,which is directly affected by its storage *** storage capability of river basins has different spatiotemporal features that are important for the predictability of freshwater ***,the estimation of freshwater storage capability(FSC)remains a challenge due to the lack of observations and quantification ***,we use a metric that characterizes hydrological“inertia”after rainfalls to analyze FSC over the 194 largest global major river basins based on satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace)and simulations from the Community Land Model version 5(CLM5).During 2003–16,the global land was observed to retain 28%of precipitation after one month based on grace observations,and the simulation depicts that the retained proportions decrease from 42%after one day to 26%after one month,with smaller FSC partly attributed to wetter conditions and higher vegetation *** root zone contributes about 40%to the global land FSC on daily to monthly time *** the time scale increases,the contribution from the surface soil decreases from 26%to 14%,while the contribution from the deep soil increases from 4%to 10%.Snow contributes over 20%of land FSC,especially over high *** six decades of CLM5 long-term simulations,it is revealed that the change of FSC in most basins is related to internal climate *** FSC of river basins which displays the proportion of precipitation retained on land is worthy of further attention regarding the predictability of water resources.

关键词： freshwater grace land surface model soil moisture climate variability storage capability

Effects of Gaussian filter in processing grace data: Gravity rate of change at Lhasa,southern Tibet

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第9期54卷 1378-1385页

作者： SUN WenKe HASEGAWA Takashi ZHANG XinLin FUKUDA Yoichi SHUM C. K. WANG Lei Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Geophysics Kyoto University Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo Japan Division of Geodetic Science School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University OH 43210-1398 USA

In this paper, the spatial gravity distribution over Tibetan Plateau and the gravity rate of change at Lhasa for different Gaussian filter radii are computed using grace data. Results show that the estimate of the gravity rate of change is spatialradius-dependent of the Ganssian filter. The grace-estimated gravity rate of change agrees well with the surface measured one. In other words, the grace-estimated gravity rate of change has a limited value as that obtained by surface measurement when the spatial filter radius reaches zero. Then numerical simulations are made for different spatial radii of the Gaussian filter to investigate its behaviors when applied to surface signals. Results show that the estimate of a physical signal is filter-radius dependent. If the computing area is equal to or less than the mass area, especially for a uniformly distributed mass, the estimate gives an almost correct result, no matter what filter radius is used. The estimate has large error because of the signal leakage caused by harmonic truncation if the computing area is much bigger than the mass distribution （or inverse for a small mass anomaly）. If a mass anomaly is too small, it is difficult to recover it from space observation unless the filter radius is extremely small. If the computing point （or area） is outside the mass distribution, the estimated result is almost zero, particularly for small filter radii. These properties of the Gaussian filter are helpful in applying grace data in different geophysical problems with different spatial position and geometrical size. We further discuss physical sources causing the scalar gravity change at Lhasa. Discussions indicate that the gravity rate of change at Lhasa is not caused by the present-day ice melting （PDIM）（or Little Ice Age, LIA） effect because no ice melting occurs in Lhasa city and nearby. The gravity rate of change is attributable mainly to tectonic deformation associated with the Indian Plate collision. Simultaneous surf

关键词： gravity change grace Gaussian filter Tibetan Plateau Lhasa

Viscous lithospheric structure beneath Sumatra inferred from post-seismic gravity changes detected by grace

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第8期54卷 1257-1267页

作者： WANG WuXing SHI YaoLin SUN WenKe ZHANG Jing Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Satellite gravity data of the regional rheological structure of the lithosphere in the vicinity of Sumatra is used as evidence to enable a better understanding of the regional geodynamic *** data is interpreted using the theory of post-seismic viscoelastic *** post-seismic changes in the gravity field resulting from the 2004 M w 9.3 Sumatra earthquake were calculated from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (grace) satellite data.A spatial Gaussian filter,500 km wide,was used in the *** results indicate that there were significant co-seismic jumps in both uplifted and subducted *** magnitude of the jump in the subducted zone was ～9 10 8 m/s 2,more significant than the ～2 10 8 m/s 2 jump observed in the uplifted ***,a positive gravity change occurred in the uplifted zone very soon after the *** rheological structure of the lithosphere has a great effect on deformation and its determination is a fundamental part of developing reliable numerical simulations in *** on the temporally-variable gravity field observed by grace,the viscous lithospheric structure of the Sumatra area is investigated with a self-gravitating,half space,viscoelastic earth *** estimated viscosity is of the order of 1.0 10 18 Pa·s and there are differences in the rheological parameters on the two sides of the *** factors that affect the viscosity are discussed in connection with the tectonic structure of the Sumatra area.

关键词： Sumatra earthquake grace gravity change viscous structure