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global warming and the Power-Laws of Ecology

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第1期2卷 8-13页

作者： Joao D.T.Arruda-Neto Maria C.Bittencourt-Oliveira Alrenice C.Castro Tulio E.Rodrigues Joseph Harari Joel Mesa Godofredo C.Genofre Physics Institute University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil CEPESq/UniItalo Italy-Brazilian University CenterSao PauloBrazil Laboratory of Cyanobacteria ESALQUniversity of Sao PauloPiracicabaBrazil PROCAM Interdisciplinary Graduate Program on Environmental SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Institute of Oceanography University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Institute of Biosciences Sao Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil Institute of Biosciences University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

A model based on Watson’s power law for the species-area relationship predicts that full global warming, projected up to the year 2050, could provoke the disappearance of roughly one-quarter of existing species. Here, an alternative approach is worked out, based on the combination of two ecology laws: Taylor and Watson’s power laws, where the former relates species variability with their mean abundance. Just how severely global warming would affect not only the number but the diversity of the surviving species is addressed by this approach, while at the same time giving indications for the post-disaster fate of the remaining species (extinction or recovery).

关键词： global warming Species Extinction Ecology Power-Laws Species Variability Model

Anthropogenic Heat Flux Will Affect global warming

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 563-568页

作者： Mats Lindgren KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Fellow of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences Stockholm Sweden

Examination of 420,000 years old ice cores shows a close relation between temperature increase and CO2-concentration increase. During the industrial era a new energy component appears, Anthropogenic Heat Flux, and a p... 详细信息

关键词： global warming Anthropogenic Heat Flux Earth Climate System

Dual Anthropogenic Origin of global warming through GHGs and IR Radiation Emissions from Artificialized Soils

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2021年第4期4卷 36-41页

作者： Romdhane Ben Slama ISSAT Gabes University of GabesTunisia

This paper contributes to explain the global warming instead of"giving up"and thinking about passively adapting to climate change or global warming.It makes more sense to tackle what creates the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming.The greenhouse effect is not only due to GHGs emissions,but also to the excess IR radiation emitted during the day,by artificial surfaces,following the absorption of solar radiation.The phenomenon should be compared to that of radiative forcing well known by climatologists and which makes the link between atmospheric pollution and the density of heat fluxes stopped by the atmosphere inducing global warming.It becomes clear that type an equation here.The surplus CO2 and IR radiation emissions influence global warming,not to mention the direct part of the heat released by the combustion of fossil fuels and even renewable(wood fires,biogas,friction of wind turbine propellers with the air).

关键词： Greenhouse gazes global warming Infrared radiation emission Artificilised soils

Importance of soil moisture conservation in mitigating climate change

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SCIENCE BULLETIN 2024年第9期69卷 1332-1341页

作者： Zuo, Zhiyan Qiao, Liang Zhang, Renhe Chen, Deliang Piao, Shilong Xiao, Dong Zhang, Kaiwen Fudan Univ Inst Atmospher Sci Key Lab Polar Atmosphere Ocean Ice Syst Weather & Minist EducDept Atmospher & Ocean SciShanghai K Shanghai 200438 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China Univ Gothenburg Dept Earth Sci S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden Peking Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci Beijing 100091 Peoples R China China Meteorol Adm Key Lab Cites Mitigat & Adaptat Climate Change Sh Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China

A troubling feedback loop, where drier soil contributes to hotter climates, has been widely recognized. This study, drawing on climate model simulations, reveals that maintaining current global soil moisture levels could significantly alleviate 32.9% of land warming under low-emission scenarios. This action could also postpone reaching critical warming thresholds of 1.5 degrees C and 2.0 degrees C by at least a decade. Crucially, preserving soil moisture at current levels could prevent noticeable climate change impacts across 42% of the Earth's land, a stark deviation from projections suggesting widespread impacts before the 2060s. To combat soil drying, afforestation in mid-to-low latitude regions within the next three decades is proposed as an effective strategy to increase surface water availability. This underscores the substantial potential of nature-based solutions for managing soil moisture, benefiting both climate change mitigation and ecological enhancement. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： global warming Soil moisture Climate change signal Nature -based solutions MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT LAND-ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS HOT EXTREMES TEMPERATURE SURFACE IMPACT CHINA CMIP6

Modeling the Risks of Climate Change and global warming to Humans Settled in Low Elevation Coastal Zones in Louisiana, USA

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 298-318页

作者： Yaw A. Twumasi Edmund C. Merem John B. Namwamba Tomas Ayala-Silva Ronald Okwemba Olipa S. Mwakimi Kamran Abdollahi Onyumbe E. Ben Lukongo Kellyn LaCour-Conant Joshua Tate Caroline O. Akinrinwoye Department of Urban Forestry and Natural Resources Southern University and A&M College Baton Rouge LA USA Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State University Jackson MS USA USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station Mayaguez Puerto Rico Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dares Salam Dares Salam Tanzania Department of Public Policy Southern University and A&M College Nelson Mandela College of Government and Social Sciences Baton Rouge LA USA

This paper seeks to identify high risk areas that are prone to flooding, caused by sea level rise because of high impacts of global climate change resulting from global warming and human settlements in low-lying coastal elevation areas in Louisiana, and model and understand the ramifications of predicted sea-level rise. To accomplish these objectives, the study made use of accessible public datasets to assess the potential risk faced by residents of coastal lowlands of Southern Louisiana in the United States. Elevation data was obtained from the Louisiana Statewide Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with resolution of 16.4 feet (5 m) distributed by Atlas. The data was downloaded from Atlas website and imported into Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI’s) ArcMap software to create a single mosaic elevation image map of the study area. After mosaicking the elevation data in ArcMap, Spatial Analyst extension software was used to classify areas with low and high elevation. Also, data was derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and absolute sea level rise data covering the period 1880 to 2015 was acquired from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) website. In addition, population data from U.S. Census Bureau was obtained and coupled with elevation data for assessing the risks of the population residing in low lying areas. Models of population trend and cumulative sea level rise were developed using statistical methods and software were applied to reveal the national trends and local deviations from the trends. The trends of population changes with respect to sea level rise and time in years were modeled for the low land coastal parishes of Louisiana. The expected years for the populations in the study area to be at risk due to rising sea level were estimated by models. The geographic information systems (GIS) results indicate that areas of low elevation were mostly located along the coastal Parishes in the study area. Further results of the study rev

关键词： Coastal Flooding Climate Change Sea Level Rise Elevation global warming GIS Population Regression Analysis Louisiana

The Analysis of global warming Patterns from 1970s to 2010s

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 392-404页

作者： Ali Cheshmehzangi Department of Architecture and Built Environment The University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies The University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China

While global warming is only one part of climate change effects, it poses the highest risk to our habitats and ecologies. It is alarming that global warming has heightened in multiple locations and is intensified since the early 1970s. Since then, there are certain global warming patterns that could guide us with an overview of what mitigation and adaptation strategies should be developed in the future decades. There are certain regions affected more than another, and there are certain patterns with adverse effects on regions, sub-regions, and even continents. This study provides an insightful analysis of recent global warming patterns, those that are affecting us the most with regional climate change of different types, upsurge in frequency and intensity of natural disasters, and drastic impacts on our ecosystems around the world. By analysing the global warming patterns of these last four decades, this research study sheds light on where these patterns are coming from, how they are developing, and what are their impacts. This study is conducted through grey literature and analysis of the recorded global warming data publicly available by the NASA-GISS data centre for global temperature. This brief—but comprehensive—analysis helps us to have a better understanding of what comes next for global warming impacts, and how we should ultimately react. The study contributes to the field by discovering three key points analysed based on available data and literature on recorded global temperature, including: differences between north and south hemispheres, specific patterns due to ocean surface temperature increase, and recent impacts on particular regions. The study concludes with the importance of global scale analysis to have a more realistic understanding of the global warming patterns and their impacts on all living habitats.

关键词： global warming Climate Change global warming Patterns Atmospheric Temperature Ocean Surface Temperature global warming Impacts

Impacts of Stockbreeding on global warming

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2019年第6期8卷 223-229页

作者： Murat DURMUS Nazan KOLUMAN Departement of Animal Science Cukurova UniversityFaculty of AgricultureAdana 01330Turkey

The climate change is globally faced by the entire world and humanity with considerably negative impacts on people who live in undeveloped countries in terms of improvement and fighting poverty and who make production by using natural resources. The United Nations Development Fund prepared a Human Development Report on “Fighting Climate Change,” indicating that there are almost 2.6 million poor people in the world will bear the brunt of climate change and ecological conditions. In this respect, emphasis must also be put on the need for considering the people whose source of income usually originates from animal production. In this sense, climate change poses an obstacle on success of the work which is conducted to achieve millennium development goals. The observable changes emerging in climate particularly increases in atmosphere temperature in some regions have an impact on biological life in many regions of the world. Animal production has been considerably intensified in order to meet animal protein deficit which is suffered by the increasing population. The impacts of conventional applications aimed at increasing productivity in animal production have been negative and the people’s attention has started to focus on animal production with the global warming concept and Kyoto Protocol. The animal production might create negative effects on many aspects of environment such as air and water pollution, decrease in soil quality and biodiversity, as well as climate change. The aim of this paper to evaluate animal farming impacts on global warming.

关键词： Stockbreeding climate global warming greenhouse gases

Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 963-974页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Ricardo LOCARNINI Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Licheng Feng Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Guancheng LI International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMDCollege ParkMaryland 20740USA Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China

Changes in ocean heat content(OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth’s climate system. In 2022, the world’s oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record maximum.According to IAP/CAS data, the 0–2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021Joules);and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 ± 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins(the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the “salty gets saltier–fresh gets fresher” pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022,implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Ni?a event. global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

The molecular basis of heat stress responses in plants

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1612-1634页

作者： Yi Kan Xiao-Rui Mu Jin Gao Hong-Xuan Lin Youshun Lin National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Joint Center for Single Cell Biology School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China

global warming impacts crop production and threatens food security.Elevated temperatures are sensed by different cell components.Temperature increases are classified as either mild warm temperatures or excessively hot temperatures,which are perceived by distinct signaling pathways in plants.Warm temperatures induce thermomorphogenesis,while high-temperature stress triggers heat acclimation and has destructive effects on plant growth and development.In this review,we systematically summarize the heat-responsive genetic networks in Arabidopsis and crop plants based on recent studies.In addition,we highlight the strategies used to improve grain yield under heat stress from a source-sink perspective.We also discuss the remaining issues regarding the characteristics of thermosensors and the urgency required to explore the basis of acclimation under multifactorial stress combination.

关键词： global warming thermosensing heat stress thermomorphogenesis heat stress responses heat acclimation