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Carbon Capture Analysis in Two Forage Systems as a Tool for Mitigating global warming.Study Case:Sumaco Biosphere Reserve——Ecuador

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Carbon Capture Analysis in Two Forage Systems as a Tool for ...

CLM3-simulated soil moisture in East Asia and its possible response to global warming during 1979 through 2003

作者： Jimenez G.Alejandra Jimenez Y.Santiago Jimenez G.Cristhy Escuela Superior Politécnica del Ejército Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo

global warming is the phenomenon in which the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produces the increase of the global average temperature. Carbon dioxide is one of the main responsible for the "extended" greenhouse effect. The release of this gas mostly obeys to anthropogenic activities effect. Plants contribute to store the atmospheric CO through the photosynthesis and biomass production. The forests capability to store carbon is well known around the world, however in Ecuador there is insufficient information about this topic. This paper presents the research conducted in order to quantify the carbon stored in two soil use systems. Pastures with and without shade were analyzed during the study. Both soil use systems are located in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve. Temporary sample plots of 500m were installed in three towns of Napo Province. The sample plots were divided in several smaller plots and trial pits. All storage components of woody and herbaceous strata were analyzed. The obtained data were expressed in tons per hectare of estimated CO. The results of the study showed on one hand, that the main storage component in both soil use systems was the soil;whereas, forage production was higher in system without shade.

关键词： Biomass carbon dioxide carbon storage global warming pastures with shade pastures without shade

来源： cnki会议评论

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第1期1卷 51-58页

作者： ChuanLi Du XiaoDong Liu WanLi Wu State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anShaanxi 710075China. Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Institute Xi’anShaanxi 710014China. National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA.

Hydrological processes related to soil moisture play an important role in determining regional and global climate. In this study, using a state-of-art Community Land Model (CLM) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), we simulated soil moisture in East Asia and its possible response to global warming through a long off-line experiment under 0.5° (longitude) × 0.5° (latitude) resolution and real atmospheric forcing of the National Center for Environmental Protection/ Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) reanalysis during 1979 through 2003. The 25-year simulation is examined and compared with limited observations. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Soil moisture takes time in response to the atmospheric forcing. The equilibration time depends on the depth of the soil and is as much as 20 years in deep layers (>1.5 m); (2) In comparison with observations, the CLM reasonably reproduces the seasonal and inter-annual variability, spatial structure, and vertical pattern of soil moisture in East Asia; (3) The soil tends to be drier in the past 25 years in northeastern Asia—including northern China north of 30°N—while wetter in the southern China and the Tibetan Plateau, especially in summer. Our analysis shows that the regional drying is attributed to increase of the land-surface evaporation induced by global warming.

关键词： land surface model East Asia soil moisture global warming

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《海报设计-global warming》

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当代文坛 2015年第4期 173-173页

作者：吕晓萌深圳职业技术学院艺术设计学院

Air Pollution, global warming and Difficulties to Replace Fossil Fuel with Renewable Energy

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 526-538页

作者： Chunji Liu Qinghua Li Business School Wuzhou University Wuzhou China Economic School of Henan University Kaifeng China

Since the Industrial Revolution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have greatly increased with the increased use of fossil fuels, leading to air pollution and global warming. We present the researches on air pollution and the use of fossil fuels in north China, the economic zone of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and the economic zone of the Pearl River Delta region. Researches indicate that the use of fossil fuels has been the main source of air pollution in the three regions. We present researches on global mean surface temperature (GMST) with the rise of carbon dioxide concentration (CDC) and global fossil fuel consumption (GFFC);researches indicate that the rise in CDC can account for 91% of the rise in GMST, and GFFC can account for 90% of the rise in GMST. We analyse the factors that bring about air pollution and temperature rise, they are the use of fossil fuels and deforestation. It is critically important to replace fossil fuels with clean energy, but renewable energy has also disadvantages. The world faces difficulties in solving air pollution and global warming, so governments of the world should cooperate to solve the technologies of clean energy, and preserve the forests and the natural environment.

关键词： Air Pollution global warming Fossil Fuel Renewable Energy

Contribution of Energy Produced by Humanity to global warming

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第5期13卷 241-247页

作者： Vladimir Kh. Dobruskin Pashosh Beer Yacov Israel

Civilization has reached such a level of development when the energy produced by humanity (the energy of civilization) begins to become a noticeable addition to the energy of incoming solar radiation. The energy of civilization accumulates in the surface layer, where human activity is concentrated, and dissipates in the form of heat, causing a rise in temperature. An equation is derived to calculate the contribution of civilization’s energy to global warming, which prove to be directly proportional to the accumulated energy of civilization and inversely proportional to the energy of solar radiation on the earth’s surface to the power of three-fourths. The coefficient of proportionality is expressed in terms of fundamental physical constants: Planck’s constant, the speed of light and the Boltzmann constant. It is shown that the contribution of energy of civilization is comparable with the role of increasing concentration of carbon dioxide over the past decades. To mitigate the negative effect, it is necessary to reduce the energy production and partially revise the environmental policy.

关键词： Stephan-Boltzmann Law Energy Of Civilization global warming

Reclamation of Coastal Soil Salinity towards Sustainable Rice Production and Mitigating global warming Potentials in the Changing Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第1期12卷 100-115页

作者： Muhammad Aslam Ali Md. Ashraful Islam Khan Md. Abdul Baten Hafsa Jahan Hiya Murad Ahmed Farukh Shuvo Kumar Sarkar Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Soil salinity has become a major constraint to rice productivity in the coastal region of Bangladesh, which threatened food security. Therefore, field experiment was conducted at salt stressed Shyamnagor Upazilla of Satkhira district to improve the soil salinity status, sustainable rice production and suppression of global warming potentials. Selected soil amendments viz. trichocompost, tea waste compost, azolla compost and phospho-gypsum (PG) were applied in the field plots one week prior to rice transplanting. In addition, proline solution (25 mM) was applied on the transplanted rice plants at active vegetative stage. Gas samples from the paddy field were collected by Closed Chamber technique and analyzed in by Gas Chromatograph. The 25% replacement of chemical fertilizer (i.e., 75% NPKS) with trichocompost, tea waste compost, Azolla compost and Phospho-gypsum amendments increased grain yield by 4.7% - 7.0%, 2.3% - 7.1% 11.9% - 16.6% and 9.5% - 14.2% during dry boro rice cultivation, while grain yield increments of 5.0% - 7.6%, 2.3% - 10.2%, 12.8% - 15.3% and 10.2% - 15.3% were recorded in wet Aman season respectively, compared to chemically fertilized (100% NPKS) field plot. The least GWPs 3575 and 3650 kg CO2 eq./ha were found in PG Cyanobacterial mixture with proline (T10) and tea waste compost with proline (T8) amended rice field, while the maximum GWPs 4725 and 4500 kg CO2 eq./ha were recorded in NPKS fertilized (100%, T2) and NPKS (75%) with Azolla compost (T5) amended plots during dry boro rice cultivation. The overall soil properties improved significantly with the selected soil amendments, while soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil pH and Na+ cation in the amended soil decreased, eventually improved the soil salinity status. Conclusively, phospho-gypsum amendments with cyanobacteria inoculation and proline solution (25 mM) application could be an effective option to reclaim coastal saline soils, sustaining rice productivity and reducing global warming potentials.

关键词： Coastal Paddy Soil Salinity global warming Phospho-Gypsum Cyanobacteria Proline

Numerical Simulation of Saint-Venant Equations with Thermal Energy Dependency: Applications on global warming

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2023年第4期13卷 191-205页

作者： Raphael de O. Garcia Graciele P. Silveira Department of Actuarial Science Federal University of S&atildeo Paulo Osasco Brazil Department of Physics Chemistry and Mathematics Federal University of S&atildeo Carlos Sorocaba Brazil

Since the Industrial Revolution, humanity has been intensifying the burning of fossil fuels and as a consequence, the average temperature on Earth has been increasing. The 20th century was the warmest and future prospects are not favorable, that is, even higher temperatures are expected. This demonstrates the importance of studies on the subject, mainly to predict possible environmental, social and economic consequences. The objective of this work was to identify the interference of the increase in ambient temperature in the dynamics of fluids, such as ocean waves advancing over the continent. For this, thermal energy was considered in the Saint-Venant equations and computational implementations were performed via Lax-Friedrichs and Adams-Moulton methods. The results indicated that, in fact, depending on the amount of thermal energy transferred to the fluid, the advance of water towards the continent can occur, even in places where such a phenomenon has never been observed.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Saint-Venant Equations Numerical Methods global warming

The Impact of Energy Produced by Civilization on global warming

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第6期12卷 325-332页

作者： Vladimir Kh. Dobruskin Independent Researcher Beer Yacov Israel

The thermodynamic approach to the evolution of human society shows that the energy generated by civilization disrupts the thermal balance of the Earth. This energy did not exist before the advent of civilization;it practically does not affect the thermal radiation of the planet and dissipates in the atmosphere in the form of heat, increasing the kinetic energy of gas molecules and, consequently, their temperature. Since air molecules cannot leave the Earth due to gravity, excess heat accumulates on the planet and contributes to global warming. A quantitative assessment of the effect is given. An analogy can be made: the energy generated by humanity heats the atmosphere, as a furnace heats a dwelling.

关键词： Thermodynamics global warming Energy of Civilization Climate

Flooding 1990s along the Yangtze River, has it concern of global warming?

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第1期11卷 43-52页

作者： GONG Dao-yi1, ZHU Jin-hong2, WANG Shao-wu2 (1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Institute of Resources Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing China

There were a series of severe floods along the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Changjiang River) in China during the 1990s. The extensive summer (June, July and August) precipitation is mostly responsible for the flooding. The summer rainfall in the 1980s and the 1990s is much higher than that in the previous 3 decades. The means for 1990–1999 is +87.62 mm above normal, marked the 1990s the wettest decade since the 1950s. Six stations with a time span of 1880–1999 are selected to establish century-long rainfall series. This series also shows that the 1990s is the wettest decade during the last 120 years. In the wettest 12 years, four occurred in the 1990s (1991, 1996, 1998 and 1999). Both global and China’s temperature show there is a relative lower air temperature during the 1960–1970s, and a rapid warming in the 1980–1990s. Comparisons of rainfall between 1960–1979 and 1980–1999 show there are dramatic changes. In the cold period 1960–1979, the summer rainfall along the Yangtze River is 3.8 % to 4.7 % below the normal, during the warm period 1980–1999, over 8.4 % to 18.2 % of summer rainfall occurs. Over the whole eastern China, the summer rainfall shows opposite spatial patterns from the 1960–1970s to 1980–1990s. The consistent trend toward more rainfall with global warming is also presented by the greenhouse scenario modeling. A millennial Drought/flood Index for the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed that although the surplus summer rainfall in the 1990s is the severest during the past 150 years, it is not outstanding in the context of past millennium. Power spectra of the Drought/flood Index show significant interdecadal periods at 33.3 and 11.8 years. Thus, both the natural interdecadal variations and the global warming may play important roles in the frequent floods witnessed during the last two decades.

关键词： summer rainfall Yangtze River global warming interdecadal variation

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